Bridging the Gap: Enabling Lower Carbon Footprint and Creating Economic Value from Application of Modern High Strength Niobium Steels

Author(s):  
Jitendra Patel
Alloy Digest ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  

Abstract ARMCO 25-12 is an austenitic chromium-nickel stainless steel with high heat resisting qualities, high strength and creep values up to 2000 F. It is equivalent to AISI Type 309 stainless steel; and in the lower carbon grade is equivalent to AISI Type 309S. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness, creep, and fatigue. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-32. Producer or source: Armco Inc., Eastern Steel Division.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 100006
Author(s):  
Christos Tsagkaris ◽  
Anastasiia V. Hoian ◽  
Shoaib Ahmad ◽  
Mohammad Yasir Essar ◽  
Loyle Wesley Campbell ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Asier García Pérez ◽  
Manuel Regueiro González-Barros ◽  
Agustín Pieren Pidal

Resumen El cambio del paradigma energético a fuentes con menor huella de carbono, así como el desarrollo de las tecnologías y técnicas de extracción, han colocado al gas de lutita en el punto de mira como recurso menos contaminante, abundante en el norte de España, y capaz de suplir en gran medida las necesidades actuales de abastecimiento energético que requiere el país. Sin embargo, existe una importante carencia de información integrada sobre el tema, con respecto a lo geológico, lo económico, lo ambiental y lo social, y como consecuencia de ello, se ha desa- rrollado una fuerte oposición pública que ha paralizado la exploración y la posible explotación de dicho recurso. Para formar parte del progreso, es necesario comenzar permitiendo la investigación y exploración de este recurso en España. Por ello, este artículo pretende mostrar el panorama actual que rodea al gas natural en un contexto transitorio a energías menos agresivas con el medio ambiente, cómo funciona la extracción de dicha fuente (gas de lutita), y como debería llevarse a cabo en España con los problemas que ello conllevaría, así como analizar la respuesta y preocupación de la ciudadanía frente a este desarrollo. Abstract The change of the energy paradigm to sources with lower carbon footprint, as well as the development of technologies and extraction techniques, have placed the shale gas in the spotlight as a less polluting resource, because it is abundant in Northern Spain, and capable of supplying to a large extent the current supply needs that the country requires. However, there is a relevant lack of information on the subject, about the geological, economic, environmental and social issues. And as a consequence, a strong public opposition has developed, and has so far paralyzed the exploration and exploitation of this resource. To be part of the progress, it is necessary to begin the research and exploration of this resource in Spain. Therefore, this paper aims to show the current panorama surrounding natural gas in a transitory context towards less environmentally aggressive energies with the environment, how the extraction of that source works (shale gas) and how it should be done in Spain with the problems that this would entail, as well as analyzing the response and concern of the citizens regarding this development.


Author(s):  
Michaela R. Appleby ◽  
Chris G. Lambert ◽  
Allan E. W. Rennie ◽  
Adam B. Buckley

The effects of climate change and government legislation has changed the way in which manufacturers can dispose of their waste, encouraging SMEs to source alternative disposal methods such as those indicated in the waste hierarchy. It is economically and environmentally beneficial to use product recovery methods to divert waste from landfill. The environmental impact of two product recovery methods, remanufacturing and repairing, has been compared via a carbon footprint calculation for a UK-based SME. The calculation has identified that repairing has a lower carbon footprint than remanufacturing, however this only extends the original life-cycle of the product, whereas remanufacturing provides a new life-cycle and warranty, and therefore seen as the most preferable method of product recovery to support sustainable manufacturing.


2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 495 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. O'Brien ◽  
A. Geoghegan ◽  
K. McNamara ◽  
L. Shalloo

The Irish dairy industry aims to increase milk production from grass-based farms following the removal of the EU milk-quota system, but is also required to minimise greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to meet European reduction targets. Consequently, the sector is under increasing pressure to reduce GHG emissions per unit of milk, or carbon footprint (CF). Therefore, the goal of the present study was to determine the main sources of the CF of grass-based milk production and to identify mitigation strategies that can be applied to reduce farm footprints. In total, the CF of milk was estimated for 62 grass-based dairy farms in 2014. The method used to quantify GHG emissions was a life cycle assessment (LCA), independently certified to comply with the British standard for LCA (PAS 2050). The LCA method was applied to calculate annual on- and off-farm GHG emissions associated with dairy production until milk was sold from the farm in CO2-equivalent (CO2-eq). Annual GHG emissions computed using LCA were allocated to milk on the basis of the economic value of dairy products and expressed per kilogram of fat- and protein-corrected milk to estimate CF. Enteric methane was the main source of the CF of milk (46%), followed by emissions from inorganic N fertilisers (16%), manure (16%) and concentrate feedstuffs (8%). The mean CF of milk from the 62 farms was 1.26 kg of CO2-eq per kilogram of fat- and protein-corrected milk, but varied from 0.98 kg to 1.67 kg as measured using the 95% confidence interval. The CF of milk was correlated with numerous farm attributes, particularly N-fertiliser, the percentage of grazed grass in the diet, and production of milk solids. Grass-based dairy farmers can significantly improve these farm attributes by increasing herd genetic merit, extending the length of the grazing season and optimising N fertiliser use and, thereby, reduce the CF of milk.


2013 ◽  
Vol 762 ◽  
pp. 14-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hodgson ◽  
Subrata Mukherjee ◽  
Hossein Beladi ◽  
Xiang Yuan Xiong ◽  
Ilana B. Timokhina

Two steels, ferritic, high strength with interphase precipitation and nanobainitic, were used to show the advances in and application of atom probe. The coexistence of the nanoscale, interphase Nb-Mo-C clusters and stoichiometric MC nanoparticles was found in the high strength steel after thermomechanical processing. Moreover, the segregation of carbon at different heterogeneous sites such as grain boundary that reduces the solute element available for fine precipitation was observed. The APT study of the solutes redistribution between the retained austenite and bainitic ferrite in the nanobainitic steel revealed: (i) the presence of two types of the retained austenite with higher and lower carbon content and (ii) segregation of carbon at the local defects such as dislocations in the bainitic ferrite during the isothermal hold.


Author(s):  
Michaela R. Appleby ◽  
Chris G. Lambert ◽  
Allan E. W. Rennie ◽  
Adam B. Buckley

The effects of climate change and government legislation has changed the way in which manufacturers can dispose of their waste, encouraging SMEs to source alternative disposal methods such as those indicated in the waste hierarchy. It is economically and environmentally beneficial to use product recovery methods to divert waste from landfill. The environmental impact of two product recovery methods, remanufacturing and repairing, has been compared via a carbon footprint calculation for a UK-based SME. The calculation has identified that repairing has a lower carbon footprint than remanufacturing, however this only extends the original life-cycle of the product, whereas remanufacturing provides a new life-cycle and warranty, and therefore seen as the most preferable method of product recovery to support sustainable manufacturing.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Ballus ◽  
Anna Bacardit

Protecting the environment is one of the three objectives of sustainability. One way to achieve this is to preserve natural resources by using renewable or residual raw materials. These products have a shorter lifespan and a lower carbon footprint, are highly biodegradable, and are therefore considered to be sustainable products. In this paper, three retanning agents and two oils classified as sustainable products were studied. First, biobased carbon content (an indicator of renewable raw material content) was determined. Then, the physical and organoleptic properties of the leathers treated with each product (degree of softness, firmness and fullness) were evaluated. The COD of residual baths was also determined in oils. The products presented in this paper meet the sustainability requirements, i.e., high renewable raw material content, short lifespan, and low carbon footprint. In addition, these products show high fixation and therefore have a low COD in residual baths, thus also contributing to their sustainability.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (13) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Rohana Sham ◽  
Razifah Othman ◽  
Ho Hui Yee ◽  
Tan Yi Han

Walking has significantly contributed to a lower carbon emission of a country. With the aspiration of a lesser carbon footprint zone, the initiatives of understanding the current pedestrian system are crucial. Although walking improves green mobility, it is still known as the least preferred mode. Thus, this study aims to improve pedestrian walkways and promote a higher level of usage of pedestrian walkways by analyzing the critical factors contributing to the lower carbon footprint among the urban dwellers. The results will help to improve a lower carbon footprint practice in the metropolitan area.Keywords: Pedestrian,Friendly,Low Carbon,SatisfactioneISSN: 2398-4287 © 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v5i13.1982


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