scholarly journals Stopping TB in Europe: some progress but still not there

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 3-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Falzon ◽  
Y Kudjawu ◽  
J C Desenclos ◽  
K Fernandez de la Hoz ◽  
A Dadu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
World Health ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Notification Rate ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Available Information

Overview of the epidemiological situation in 2006. The latest available information from countries in the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region carries important signals about the tuberculosis (TB) situation in this part of the world [1]. The total number of TB cases reported in the Region was slightly lower in 2006 than in 2005 (422,830 versus 426,457), reflecting a decrease in three-fourths of the reporting countries. Most TB cases in 2006 (73%) were reported by 12 former Soviet Union republics in the East, 21% by the European Union and West (EU and West) and 6% by the remaining countries in the Balkans (Table 1; for the composition of geographical areas see Box). National TB notification rates ranged from 4 to 282 per 100,000 population. The total TB notification rate for the whole Region has increased very slightly between 2002 and 2006, from 46 to 48 cases per 100,000, although rates of previously untreated TB cases appear to be on the decrease in both the East and West (Figure 1). We describe the main epidemiological features of TB cases notified in each of the abovementioned areas using surveillance data reported by the countries themselves.

scholarly journals World TB day: European countries report over 400,000 tuberculosis cases in 2004

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Falzon ◽  
J C Desenclos
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
European Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
European Region ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

In 2004, 414 163 tuberculosis cases were notified by 51 of the 52 countries of the World Health Organization European Region, representing 8% of notifications to WHO worldwide in the same year. Seventy per cent of all TB cases in the region were in the 12 countries of the Former Soviet Union

Patient Safety Concerns among Emergency Medical Staff and Patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-52
Author(s):  
Pi-Fang Hsu ◽  
Wen-Chun Tsai ◽  
Chia-Wen Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
Emergency Departments ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
World Health ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Recently, much of the world, including the World Health Organization, the European Union and many North American countries, have emphasized patient safety. Around the same time, Taiwan’s Department of Health (DOH) devoted a significant amount of resources to better the quality of medical treatment for their patients. This study explores perceptions of and attitudes towards patient safety among medical staff and patients in emergency departments. Analysis results indicate that medical staff and patients significantly differ in perceptions and attitudes. Results of this study provide a valuable reference for governmental authorities and hospital managers in formulating policies aimed at clarifying perceptions and attitudes regarding patient safety among medical staff and patients in emergency departments.

World Health Organization

1963 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 979-985 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

The fifteenth session of the Assembly of the World Health Organization (WHO) was held in Geneva from May 8 to 25, 1962, under the presidency of Dr. S. V. Kurashov (Minister of Health of the Soviet Union). The Assembly approved an effective working budget of $29,956,000 for 1963, representing an increase of $5,092,200 over the figure for 1962.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Study of leishmaniasis in Iran and the Middle East in the Last Two Decades

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-100
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hossien Feiz Haddad ◽  
◽  
Abdolaziz Gharaei ◽  
Abdolaziz Gharaei ◽  
Mehry Sharify Nia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Middle East Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Leishmaniasis is one of the most forgotten diseases in the world affecting the poor people in large numbers. At present, 350 million people are at risk and 2 million new cases are reported annually, of which 1.5 million of them are cutaneous leishmaniasis and the rest are related to visceral leishmaniasis. The World Health Organization and Tropical Diseases Research (TDR) division ranks leishmaniasis in the first group of emerging and uncontrolled disease. Leishmaniasis appears in three form; Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL), muco-Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (MCL) and Viceral Leishmaniasis (VL). More than 90% of cutaneous leishmaniasis are in Iran, Afghanistan, Nepal, Syria, Saudi Arabia and Peru. Viceral leishmaniasis in terms of geographical conditions divided into five different types; Indian Leishmaniasis, is human disease reservoir type and sand fly of Phlebotomus argenti is vector. African leishmaniasis or Sudanese leishmaniasis is second and common in Sudan and Kenya. Gerbils, otters, dogs and cats are reservoirs and the vector is Phlebotomus orientalis. Russian type is the third form and prevalent in Turkmenistan and the Caucasus (Soviet Union). Dogs and foxes are the main reservoirs and Phlebotomus archablensis is vector of the disease. The American type is the fourth form and infects American countries and dogs and jackals carry the disease and Phlebotomus intermedius are vectors of the disease. The fifth is Mediterranean Leishmaniasis also called Middle Eastern type which is common in the Middle East countries among people under the age of 10 and in Iran observe in the provinces of Khuzestan, Fars, Isfahan, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Ardabil and Khorasan.

scholarly journals Individuals’response to COVID-19 Restrictions in Europe: A Snapshot of Today and Hopes for Tomorrow

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kutl Ergün
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
World Health ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Psychological Conditions ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Expectation ◽  
Self Discovery ◽  
Health Organization

This study presents the individuals' responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. Considering that many institutions and working places were closed due to the pandemic, the possible impact of COVID-19 restrictions on individuals was assessed. The study examined the number and frequencies of respondents in the survey including demographic variables (gender, income), and future expectation on economic situation and psychological conditions. There were 218 individuals from 24 European countries participating in the survey. The percentage of respondents, discovering personal strength (previously unaware of) during restrictions was 40%. This is a high percentage showing that isolation may contribute to self-discovery. Despite annoying restrictions, many individuals expressed their economic optimism for the future. Also, most of the participants stated that they had not enough money during these restrictions. Also, this study shows that trust in governments, the European Union (EU) and the World Health Organization (WHO) was low during the pandemic restrictions. The results of this study might be useful and taken into account for potential future waves of this pandemic and possible new pandemics that may occur in the future.

scholarly journals The Role of a Medicalized Discourse in the Global Activities of the World Health Organization

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 173-191
Author(s):  
Marta Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
European Union ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
World Health ◽  
Tobacco Policy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

This article presents selected results of a research project entitled Medicalization strategies of the World Health Organization1 in which the author analyzed and described three WHO policies characterized by a medicalizing approach. These three policies were compared with each other in terms of their conceptual (narrative) and institutional (practical) levels of medicalization and their effects. In order to better understand the role of a medicalized discourse in the global activities of the WHO, these three cases were also compared to one non-medicalizing policy. The aim of this article is twofold: firstly, to present two cases analyzed as part of the project, namely, the tobacco policy (a ‘medicalized’ one) and the ageing policy (a ‘non-medicalized’ one) and secondly, to consider the possible influence of WHO discourse on tobacco and ageing on public health policies in the European Union.

scholarly journals MANEJO ODONTOLÓGICO DE PACIENTES EM TERAPIA ANTITROMBÓTICA

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreza Pereira Gonçalves de Souza ◽  
Francyelle Deodato Cavalcante ◽  
Eteíla De Souza Canto Silva ◽  
Suely Fernandes Santana ◽  
Marcílio Otávio Brandão Peixoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
General Trend ◽  
World Health ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Blood Clots ◽  
The World ◽  
Cause Of Deaths ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Risk Of Hemorrhage ◽  
Available Information

The cardiovascular diseases are common and represent the cause of deaths in the world. According to World Health Organization, it is estimated that those are responsible for about 17, 3 million or 30% of total deaths in the world each year. Among cardiovascular diseases, the thrombotic disease is one of the most prevalent. Pharmaceutical strategies to the thrombosis treatment, due to the predominance of platelet and fibrin depending on the type of thrombus, include anti-platelets medicine, anticoagulant and fibrinolitical agents, even though they have different courses of action, they aim to interfere on main steps of forming and maintenance of blood clots, increasing substantially the risk of spontaneous or induced bleedings. The general trend is upward for patients who are being treated with oral anticogulant to be able to undergo dentistry procedures, with no need of any interruption or modification during therapy, yet with emphasis on preventive procedures of local hemostasis. This approach is still controversial to patients which make use of AAS, considering that the action of interrupting the usage some days before the procedure continues to be a prudent course of action in order to reduce the risk of hemorrhage, and differently from anticoagulants, apparently with no damages to the patient. This study focused on describing the procedures to be adopted for a safe dentistry assistance for patients undergoing anticoagulant, antiplatelet or thrombolytic therapy, based on literature review, using books, articles and scientific journals published in electronical databases such as SciELO, MedLine and Lilacs, in English and Portuguese, besides available information in official electronical addresses such as the Brazilian Ministry of Health’s and the World Health Organization’s.

Coercion in Europe

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Fioritti ◽  
Thomas Marcacci
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
World Health ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Regional Office ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
European Court ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
World Health Organization Regional

Modern psychiatry developed in Europe with Pinel in the Enlightenment: the concept of human rights was first conceived and the first laws to protect citizens’ rights in psychiatry were introduced. However, Europe is also where some of the worst violations of human rights in psychiatry have taken place. Europe has developed several international institutions such as the European Union and the European Court of Human Rights. Their covenants, along with those from the United Nations, have repeatedly attempted to address the issue of freedom and coercion in medicine and in psychiatry. The World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe has paid extensive attention to coercion and human rights in psychiatry. Europe has a long history and tradition of mental health care and there are significant variations between countries in its delivery and legislation. This chapter outlines some key historical events and attitudes regarding coercion in European society ,with particular attention being paid to coercion in the community.

The Fourth Review Conference of the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention: Issues, Outcomes, and Unfinished Business

1997 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm R. Dando ◽  
Graham S. Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Agenda 21 ◽  
Unfinished Business ◽  
Health Organization

The Fourth Review Conference of the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention was held November 25 to December 6, 1996. It successfully re-emphasized the norm against biological warfare, usefully broadening this to include molecular biology and applications resulting from genome studies. It also emphasized that use in any way and under any circumstances would be a violation of Article I. Disappointingly, compliance concerns regarding Iraq and the former Soviet Union were less strongly addressed. Article IV and the importance of national legislation as a potential counter to possible terrorist use was underlined. The importance of the existing confidence-building measures (CBMs) was confirmed and the work of the Ad Hoc Group was strongly endorsed, with a change to a negotiating format being explicitly stated, although without setting the target date of 1998 for completion. Article X was re-emphasized, with special note made of the advances made at the Rio Summit, Agenda 21, the Convention on Biological Diversity, and of the initiatives being taken by the World Health Organization to counter new, emerging, and re-emerging infectious diseases. This article addresses the issues, outcomes, and unfinished business of the Fourth Review Conference.

scholarly journals The Evolution of Central Bank Governance around the World

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 69-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Crowe ◽  
Ellen E Meade
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Bank Governance

The past two decades have seen enormous changes in central banks and their practices. In some countries, older institutions have been fundamentally restructured. In other, such as the countries of the former Soviet Union, entirely new central banks have been established. The member countries of the European Union have created a supranational central bank that oversees a monetary union. In all of these situations, central bank law was either revised or written de novo, while institutional objectives, practices, and structures were amended or created from scratch. In this article, we survey and quantify the trends in two major areas of central bank governance: independence and transparency. We document the steady progress toward greater central bank independence and transparency in a large number of industrial and developing countries over the past 10 to 15 years and discuss the effects of these aspects of governance on inflation. Finally, we touch on committee structure and decision making.

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