scholarly journals HIV infections and AIDS: continuous vigilance needed to contain the epidemic

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (48) ◽  
Author(s):  
Collective Editorial team
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

The 1 December, known as World AIDS Day since 1988, provides an occasion to raise awareness and take stock of the latest developments in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic.

scholarly journals Mycobacterial disease, immunosuppression, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

1989 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 360-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
F M Collins
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Intracellular Parasites ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

The mycobacteria are an important group of acid-fast pathogens ranging from obligate intracellular parasites such as Mycobacterium leprae to environmental species such as M. gordonae and M. fortuitum. The latter may behave as opportunistic human pathogens if the host defenses have been depleted in some manner. The number and severity of such infections have increased markedly with the emergence of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic. These nontuberculous mycobacteria tend to be less virulent for humans than M. tuberculosis, usually giving rise to self-limiting infections involving the cervical and mesenteric lymph nodes of young children. However, the more virulent serovars of M. avium complex can colonize the bronchial and intestinal mucosal surfaces of healthy individuals, becoming virtual members of the commensal gut microflora and thus giving rise to low levels of skin hypersensitivity to tuberculins prepared from M. avium and M. intracellulare. Systemic disease develops when the normal T-cell-mediated defenses become depleted as a result of old age, cancer chemotherapy, or infection with human immunodeficiency virus. As many as 50% of human immunodeficiency virus antibody-positive individuals develop mycobacterial infections at some time during their disease. Most isolates of M. avium complex from AIDS patients fall into serotypes 4 and 8. The presence of these drug-resistant mycobacteria in the lungs of the AIDS patient makes their effective clinical treatment virtually impossible. More effective chemotherapeutic, prophylactic, and immunotherapeutic reagents are urgently needed to treat this rapidly increasing patient population.

scholarly journals Perfil epidemiológico das pessoas que vivem com HIV-AIDS: um desafio social

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. e561101624159
Author(s):  
Edvaldo Benevides de Souza ◽  
Renata Campos Silva ◽  
Nádia Cristina Ferraz Chiachio
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Aids

A síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida (SIDA; AIDS - acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) é uma manifestação clínica avançada, decorrente de um quadro de imunodeficiência causado pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (VIH, HIV-human immunodeficiency virus), o qual é transmitido pelas vias sexual, parenteral ou vertical. (UNAIDS. AIDS epidemic update; 2007). O HIV altera o DNA da célula, cria um ciclo de infecção em que, continuamente se multiplica, o que a tornou uma patologia crônica e potencialmente letal (Brasil, 2020). Para conter o quadro epidêmico da doença, faz-se estritamente necessário o acompanhamento e tratamento dos pacientes infectados. Diante disso, foi realizado a partir deste artigo, um estudo transversal descritivo, com base em dados do SINAN (Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação), disponíveis no DATASUS, entre os períodos de 2010 e 2020, em cujo objetivo foi verificar o perfil epidemiológico das pessoas que vivem com HIV-AIDS, no Município de Vitória da Conquista, e constatar os efeitos da estigmatização da doença, do preconceito e mais atualmente da pandemia causada pelo vírus Covid-19. Dos dados coletados, cerca de 59,81% dos pacientes eram do sexo masculino, e 56,12% do sexo feminino. A maioria dos casos diagnosticados eram jovens de 18 a 28 anos. Em relação às notificações, as mesmas se mantiveram instáveis até o ano de 2019, no total em cerca de 24.000 a 25.000 casos notificados. Já no ano de 2020, ocorreu uma queda, com 8.434 casos notificados. Quanto à questão das raças, na pesquisa apontam para um aumento no número de casos de aids entre os pretos e pardos para ambos os sexos; negros foram cerca de 3.000 em 2008, passando por 1.915 em 2019, decaindo para 541 casos. Já os pardos, em cerca de 9.000 mil, em 2008, decaindo para 2.474, em 2020, enquanto que entre os brancos apontam para uma redução proporcional. Portanto, o estudo conclui que, questões sociais e outros fatores externos refletem no perfil de pacientes infectados pelo vírus HIV, assim como provocam alterações nos índices da doença no município de Vitória da Conquista.

scholarly journals Opportunistic parasitic infections in patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 716-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Laksemi ◽  
L. T. Suwanti ◽  
M. Mufasirin ◽  
K. Suastika ◽  
M. Sudarmaja
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Blastocystis Hominis ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Aids

The number of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cases increases annually, and Indonesia has become the country with the fastest HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic spread among the five Southeast Asian countries. Indonesia entered the critical phase of HIV/AIDS infections after 5 out of the 33 provinces, namely, Papua, Jakarta, Bali, West Java, and East Java, reported HIV/AIDS epidemic since 2004. In AIDS pathophysiology and immune-suppression are severe, thus, opportunistic intestinal parasitic infections that cause diarrhea in HIV infection may be fatal. Several studies have suggested that Cryptosporidium parvum, Isospora belli, and Blastocystis hominis are the most common intestinal protozoan parasites categorized as AIDS associated illness. Diarrhea caused by parasites is considerably suspected in the cases of chronic and persistent diarrhea in adults, in an era of increasing HIV/AIDS cases nowadays. The present review highlights the current advances in etiologic agents of HIV/AIDS opportunistic infections among countries, epidemiology and prevalence, lifecycle, risk factors, examination methods, and treatment.

Tingkat Pengetahuan Mahasiswa Tentang Hiv/Aids Di Akademi Kebidanan Sandi Karsa Makassar

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Nur Syamsi NL
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Aids

AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) adalah syndrom yang timbul akibat adanya virus HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) yang menyerang sistem kekebalan tubuh manusia. HIV/AIDS dapat menular melalui darah, sperma, cairan vagina, dan ASI (Air Susu Ibu). Penelitian ini dilakukan di Akademi Kebidanan Sandi Karsa Makassar yang terletak di jalan Bung lorong 2, Kelurahan Tamalanrea, Kecamatan Tamalanrea Jaya, Makassar. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif. Besarnya sampel yang digunakan adalah 30 responden dari 600 populasi yang dipilih secara Total Sampling. Di mana dalam pengambilan data digunakan instrumen berupa kuesioner yang dibagikan kepada responden. Dari keseluruhan responden didapatkan tingkat pengetahuan mahasiswa Akademi Kebidanan Sandi Karsa Makassar yang diteliti didapat 15 mahasiswa (50%) yang tingkat pengetahuan baik tentang HIV/AIDS dan terdapat 14 mahasiswa (46,7%) yang tingkat pengetahuan cukup tentang HIV/AID dan terdapat 1 mahasiswa (3,3%) yang tingkat pengetahuan kurang tentang HIV/AIDS

scholarly journals Non-Hodgkin’s Plasmablastic Lymphoma as Initial Presentation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 232470962110146
Author(s):  
Roopam Jariwal ◽  
Nadia Raza ◽  
Janpreet Bhandohal ◽  
Everardo Cobos
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Initial Presentation ◽  
Plasmablastic Lymphoma ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Head Neck

Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a subtype of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma that manifests in patients with the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), more prominently in the head, neck, and oral mucosal region. The diagnosis of this rare lymphoma serves as a concomitant diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The case is of a 33-year-old previously healthy male, with an unknown diagnosis of HIV with a painful right mandibular mass. He was subsequently diagnosed with PBL and HIV. This case of PBL illustrates the importance of linking a rare and potentially life-threatening diagnosis as a possible first manifestation of HIV.

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