scholarly journals Golden Ratio as Universal Way of Knowledge and Reflection of Nature in Culture

ART Space ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 29-31
Author(s):  
Viktor Mykhalevych
Keyword(s):  
Golden Ratio ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Points Of View

The article conducts a historical review that shows development of golden ratio theory and memories of it for centuries beginning with Ancient Egypt and finishing with modern samples. It gives different points of view that confirms the existence of ancient knowledge about golden ratio.

Cavitation in Rubber: A Cautionary Tale

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Gent
Keyword(s):  
Elasticity Theory ◽  
Fracture Criterion ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Cautionary Tale ◽  
History Of ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Set Up

Abstract What can we conclude from this brief history of cavitation in rubber-like solids? At first, the condition for internal cracking appeared to be particularly simple. Whenever a stress was set up equal to the maximum possible stress calculated from simple elasticity theory, i.e., 5E/6, then cavitation ensued. But it is now clear that this criterion is only approximately true and then only for a certain narrow range of void sizes. Because cavitation is often found under the originally deduced conditions, voids are obviously present in rubber of an appropriate size, between about 0.1 µm and 1 mm in radius, at least when the volume of rubber is large enough to accommodate them. Thus, even though the original criterion was arrived at on a faulty premise, it has proved to be a useful and broadly applicable fracture criterion. In preparing this brief historical review, I have been led to some elementary conclusions about research itself. First, the fact that a theory appears to work does not mean that it is true. Secondly, even simple, carefully-selected, systems are often difficult to understand. And, finally, contributions from different points of view are essential to scientific progress.

HISTORICAL REVIEW OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE SHPB METHOD IN JAPAN

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (09n11) ◽  
pp. 1269-1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
KINYA OGAWA
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Rate Change ◽  
Wave Method ◽  
Strain Rate Change ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Strain Rate Change Test

Historical review of research and development of the SHPB method in Japan is outlined. After introduction of the SHPB in early 1960s, various kinds of compression, tension, torsion and bending tests have been performed in Japan and are presently shown together with special techniques such as the strain rate change test and the ramped wave method. Applications of the SHPB method to characterize dynamic response of materials from various points of view are also described in connection with its flexibility and simplicity. Current activities related to the SHPB method are briefly explained.

scholarly journals Prostate Zonal Anatomy: do we Always Need Central Zone?

2017 ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
A. I. Gromov ◽  
V. V. Kapustin ◽  
A. V. Prokhorov
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Tumor Localization ◽  
System Requirements ◽  
Points Of View

This paper contains historical review of prostate gland zonal anatomy approaches from morphological and radiological points of view. Nowadays, someconfusion remains in “central zone” term usage. Thus, authors propose to avoid using this termin conclusions of MR and TRUS exams. It’s also recommended to use 39 sectors prostate scheme for tumor localization only in cases, where MR exams were technically corresponded to PIRADSv2 system requirements.

High Resolution Specimen Area Imaged Under Negligible Field Aberrations

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 540-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Yanaka ◽  
K. Shirota
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Field Distribution ◽  
Image Space ◽  
Beam Deflection ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Resolution Limit ◽  
Leakage Flux ◽  
Specimen Area ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Aberration Theory

It is significant to note field aberrations (chromatic field aberration, coma, astigmatism and blurring due to curvature of field, defined by Glaser's aberration theory relative to the Blenden Freien System) of the objective lens in connection with the following three points of view; field aberrations increase as the resolution of the axial point improves by increasing the lens excitation (k2) and decreasing the half width value (d) of the axial lens field distribution; when one or all of the imaging lenses have axial imperfections such as beam deflection in image space by the asymmetrical magnetic leakage flux, the apparent axial point has field aberrations which prevent the theoretical resolution limit from being obtained.

Crystal structure images of large gold clusters and growing crystals by HRTEM

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 428-429
Author(s):  
L.R. Wallenberg ◽  
J.-O. Bovin ◽  
G. Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Close Packing ◽  
Gold Clusters ◽  
Molecular Weight Determination ◽  
Growth Mechanisms ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Nucleation And Growth Mechanisms ◽  
Points Of View

Metallic clusters are interesting from various points of view, e.g. as a mean of spreading expensive catalysts on a support, or following heterogeneous and homogeneous catalytic events. It is also possible to study nucleation and growth mechanisms for crystals with the cluster as known starting point.Gold-clusters containing 55 atoms were manufactured by reducing (C6H5)3PAuCl with B2H6 in benzene. The chemical composition was found to be Au9.2[P(C6H5)3]2Cl. Molecular-weight determination by means of an ultracentrifuge gave the formula Au55[P(C6H5)3]Cl6 A model was proposed from Mössbauer spectra by Schmid et al. with cubic close-packing of the 55 gold atoms in a cubeoctahedron as shown in Fig 1. The cluster is almost completely isolated from the surroundings by the twelve triphenylphosphane groups situated in each corner, and the chlorine atoms on the centre of the 3x3 square surfaces. This gives four groups of gold atoms, depending on the different types of surrounding.

A Historical Review of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome in the “Guides Library”

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Robert J. Barth
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome ◽  
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy ◽  
International Association ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Sixth Edition

Abstract Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a controversial, ambiguous, unreliable, and unvalidated concept that, for these very reasons, has been justifiably ignored in the “AMA Guides Library” that includes the AMAGuides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), the AMA Guides Newsletter, and other publications in this suite. But because of the surge of CRPS-related medicolegal claims and the mission of the AMA Guides to assist those who adjudicate such claims, a discussion of CRPS is warranted, especially because of what some believe to be confusing recommendations regarding causation. In 1994, the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) introduced a newly invented concept, CRPS, to replace the concepts of reflex sympathetic dystrophy (replaced by CRPS I) and causalgia (replaced by CRPS II). An article in the November/December 1997 issue of The Guides Newsletter introduced CRPS and presciently recommended that evaluators avoid the IASP protocol in favor of extensive differential diagnosis based on objective findings. A series of articles in The Guides Newsletter in 2006 extensively discussed the shortcomings of CRPS. The AMA Guides, Sixth Edition, notes that the inherent lack of injury-relatedness for the nonvalidated concept of CRPS creates a dilemma for impairment evaluators. Focusing on impairment evaluation and not on injury-relatedness would greatly simplify use of the AMA Guides.

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