scholarly journals Rapid Performance Evaluation of Water Supply Services for Strategic Planning

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1197-1204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulfam Shahzad ◽  
Rashid Rehan ◽  
Muhammad Fahim
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
System A ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Interactive Map ◽  
Water Supply Services

The assessment of existing water supply services was carried out through selected performance indicators with the aim of using that data in future for strategic planning of urban Mardan. The key performance indictors studied were selected to assess both the quantity and quality of water. The quality of water was assessed by turbidity, pH, and E-coli tests for samples collected at the start, middle, and tail end of the distribution system. The quantity of water supplied was measured by calculating discharges from water tapes at the three selected locations in the distribution system. A total of thirty samples were collected from ten union councils out of fourteen covering urban Mardan. A number of issues are highlighted in the overall water supply infrastructure and short, mid, and long term remedial measures are recommended. The results are presented in the form of an interactive map using Google Earth and VBA based dynamic database. It was found that the overall quality of water is generally acceptable for drinking. However, the presence of bacteria is an issue in many cases which needs to be resolved. A significant decrease in discharge is observed in the distribution systems away from the source due to leakages and illegal connections. A comprehensive overhaul of both management and infrastructure is required for sustainable and satisfactory level of services.

scholarly journals Household’s Willingness to Pay for Improved Water Supply Services in Mettu Town: An Assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-99
Author(s):  
S.N. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Water Services ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Tariff Structure ◽  
Water Supply Services

The purpose of the article is to analyze and determine the willingness of citizens to pay for improving the quality of water services (the income derived from the consumption of water services does not cover the costs of providing such services). The study focuses on Ethiopia’s metropolitan areas (including households in town Mettu), as it is the problem of financial scarcity in Ethiopia that is particularly relevant and access to water services is a key component in calculating the human poverty index for most developing countries. Based on a survey of 79 Mettu town households, it is justified that residents view water not as a public good but as an economic good, as they are prepared to pay for it. The survey concluded that an average of 69% of Mettu households is willing to pay for improved water quality, with household income, water supply satisfaction, and supply price having a strong impact on households’ willingness to pay for improved water services. In particular, the older the locals are and the higher their income level, the more they are willing to pay for improved water quality and security of water supply. At the same time, rising levels of education in Mettu residents reduce their willingness to incur additional financial costs, more educated people view water services as a boon to the authorities. The results of the study proved that while providing local authorities with high-quality water supply services, more than 80% of households are ready and able to pay for services at a price that exceeds the tariff rate for water supply costs. The article stated that increasing the quality of water supply services by increasing the number of tariffs for water use will contribute to the growth of the financial revenues of local authorities, which will ensure the provision of water supply in the required quantity and on a stable basis. Keywords: improved water supply services, willingness, bidding Prices and tariff structure.

scholarly journals Performance evaluation of water supply services in Chitungwiza: How water supply services mirrors poor governance and lack of management

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luckson Zvobgo
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Services ◽  
Municipal Water ◽  
Non Revenue Water ◽  
Water Supply Services

Background: Provision of reliable water services is crucial for urban livelihood. In Chitungwiza, provision of water services has been deteriorating since the millennium with residents losing hope for better services. The poor supply of municipal water in Chitungwiza has led to a chronic ‘dry taps situation’ where household taps are dry from periods of several consecutive days to months.Aim: This article assesses the water supply challenges in Chitungwiza through performance evaluation of the water supply services.Setting: The study was conducted in 26 suburbs in the four residential zones of Chitungwiza Municipality.Methods: Performance evaluation of water supply services was carried out using seven performance indicators: coverage of water supply connection, extent of metering of water connections, presence of leakages, extent of non-revenue water, continuity of water supply, quality of water supplied and efficiency in redressal of customer complaints. Two hundred and ninety-eight semi-structured questionnaires were administered in four residential zones of Chitungwiza. Water distribution system surveillance and key informant interviews were also conducted.Results: The results indicate high non-revenue water, poor water infrastructure maintenance, lack of water investment leading to widespread leakages in the distribution system, poor water quality supply and unreliable services provision. A majority, 80.2%, rated the municipal water supply services as poor. To cope with this new reality, households in Chitungwiza implemented a ‘source switch’ to new sources.Conclusion: Household shallow wells were identified as the main adapting strategy with 51.7% households relying on wells despite concerns about the water quality of the wells. Chitungwiza municipality should implement structural reforms that allow the current water service provision to improve.

scholarly journals Impact of monitoring on the mean time to repair of the water supply network

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 00101
Author(s):  
Magdalena Łój-Pilch ◽  
Anita Zakrzewska
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Repair Time ◽  
Supply Network ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Water Supply Network ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Before And After

The introduction of monitoring to a water supply network results in reducing its failure rate, increasing its reliability as well as improving the quality of water supplied to consumers, reducing water losses and increasing work safety in a water distribution system. Monitoring enables detection of leakages that could go unnoticed without this system, facilitates detection of leakages and location of failures, i.e. it shortens the repair time — or rather its component — the awaiting-repair time. This paper presents the results of the reliability analysis for a city located in the Upper Silesian Industrial Region before and after the implementation of monitoring to the water supply network.

scholarly journals A Head Formulation for the Steady-State Analysis of Water Distribution Systems Using an Explicit and Exact Expression of the Colebrook–White Equation

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1163
Author(s):  
Mengning Qiu ◽  
Avi Ostfeld
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Solution Method ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Exact Expression ◽  
Contamination Source

Steady-state demand-driven water distribution system (WDS) solution is the bedrock for much research conducted in the field related to WDSs. WDSs are modeled using the Darcy–Weisbach equation with the Swamee–Jain equation. However, the Swamee–Jain equation approximates the Colebrook–White equation, errors of which are within 1% for ϵ/D∈[10−6,10−2] and Re∈[5000,108]. A formulation is presented for the solution of WDSs using the Colebrook–White equation. The correctness and efficacy of the head formulation have been demonstrated by applying it to six WDSs with the number of pipes ranges from 454 to 157,044 and the number of nodes ranges from 443 to 150,630. The addition of a physically and fundamentally more accurate WDS solution method can improve the quality of the results achieved in both academic research and industrial application, such as contamination source identification, water hammer analysis, WDS network calibration, sensor placement, and least-cost design and operation of WDSs.

scholarly journals The Water Safety Plan Approach: Application to Small Drinking-Water Systems—Case Studies in Salento (South Italy)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4360
Author(s):  
Francesca Serio ◽  
Lucia Martella ◽  
Giovanni Imbriani ◽  
Adele Idolo ◽  
Francesco Bagordo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Safety Plan ◽  
Water Safety Plan ◽  
Drinking Water Systems

Background: The quality of water for human consumption is an objective of fundamental importance for the defense of public health. Since the management of networks involves many problems of control and efficiency of distribution, the Water Safety Plan (WSP) was introduced to address these growing problems. Methods: WSP was applied to three companies in which the water resource assumes central importance: five water kiosks, a third-range vegetable processing company, and a residence and care institution. In drafting the plan, the terms and procedures designed and tested for the management of urban distribution systems were applied to safeguard the resource over time. Results: The case studies demonstrated the reliability of the application of the model even to small drinking-water systems, even though it involved a greater effort in analyzing the incoming water, the local intended use, and the possibilities for managing the containment of the dangers to which it is exposed. This approach demonstrates concrete effectiveness in identifying and mitigating the dangers of altering the quality of water. Conclusions: Thanks to the WSP applied to small drinking-water systems, we can move from management that is focused mainly on verifying the conformity of the finished product to the creation of a global risk assessment and management system that covers the entire water supply chain.

Eternal engine of progress

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
В.А. Гвоздев ◽  
Л.В. Леонов ◽  
О.Н. Рублевская
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Odor Control ◽  
Wastewater Disposal ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Precipitation Measurement ◽  
General Director

Качество услуг водоснабжения и водоотведения за первые двадцать лет XXI века вывело на новый уровень развития ГУП «Водоканал Санкт-Петербурга» благодаря внедрению инновационных технологий в системах водоснабжения и водоотведения. Использование технологий, таких как двухступенчатое обеззараживание питьевой воды, дезодорирование полигонов, геотубирование, применение центрифуг «Флоттвег», порошкообразного однокомпонентного флокулянта, порошкообразного активированного угля, внедрение системы измерения осадков, осуществлялись при активном участии Федора Ивановича Лобанова – помощника генерального директора ГУП «Водоканал Санкт-Петербурга» по работе с промышленностью, которому в ноябре 2021 г. исполнилось 80 лет. The quality of water supply and wastewater disposal services over the first twenty years of the 21st century has brought SUE «Vodokanal of St. Petersburg» to a new level of development owing to the introduction of innovative technologies in water supply and wastewater disposal systems. The use of technologies, such as two-stage disinfection of drinking water, odor control of landfills, geotubing, the use of Flottweg centrifuges, powdered one-component flocculant, powdered activated carbon, the introduction of a precipitation measurement system, were carried out with the active participation of Fedor Ivanovich Lobanov, Assistant to the General Director of SUE «Vodokanal of St. Petersburg» on dealing with industries, who turned 80 in November 2021.

scholarly journals Analysis of Characteristics and Design Key Points of Water Supply and Drainage Engineering for Fire Control in High-rise Buildings

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Weijie
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Relative Density ◽  
Safety Index ◽  
Fire Control ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Property Loss

Nowadays，our country has a relative density of population, so once a fire occurs  in  the  building, personnel  evacuation  is more difficult. Since fire and water have no mercy and the fire spreads quickly, it will endanger people’s life and property safety if unable to fully guarantee the quality of water supply and drainage for fire control. Scientific and rational water supply and drainage  system  for  fire control  can  effectively increase the efficiency and speed of fire rescue, reduce people’s property loss and improve  the  residential safety index of the building itself. In view of this, this paper mainly analyzes the characteristics and design key points of water supply and drainage engineering for fire  control  in  high-rise buildings. 

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