scholarly journals Dizziness and Carotid Artery Stenosis: What is the Relationship?

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Carotid Artery Stenosis ◽  
Artery Stenosis ◽  
The Relationship

Effect of Ultrasonography in the Assessment of Carotid Artery Stenosis

Vascular ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio X. Salles-Cunha ◽  
Enrico Ascher ◽  
Anil P. Hingorani ◽  
Natalia Markevich ◽  
Richard W. Schutzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Carotid Artery Stenosis ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Artery Stenosis ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Velocity Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Natural Logarithm ◽  
The Relationship

Although ultrasonography (US) advantageously portrays lumen and wall thickness, velocity criteria have been used primarily to interpret carotid artery stenosis. The relationship of US and velocity measurements was investigated. Peak-systolic and end-diastolic velocities (PSV, EDV) increase exponentially as the lumen of the internal carotid artery narrows and the percent stenosis (%S) increases. We tested the consistency of the relationship between carotid velocities and US %S in two distinct data sets. One data set was used to obtain regression equations relating velocity parameters and %S based on US. Validation of these equations was conducted using a separate, independent data set. US measurements were classified in 12 %S intervals. PSV, EDV, the ratio of the internal carotid artery to the common carotid artery PSV, and %S were entered consecutively until 10 records for each %S interval were obtained. Regression equations obtained in the first data set were used to predict %S in the second data set. Predicted %S was then compared with actual US %S. The highest correlation in the first data set ( r = .89) was between %S and the natural logarithm (ln) of PSV. This ln PSV -%S equation was then applied to a second data set of an additional 120 carotid duplex images. In the second data set, actual %S and PSV–predicted %S differed by > 10% in 38 cases (32%). When all velocity-%S regression equations were used for comparison, differences between actual and at least one velocity-predicted %S were > 10% in 19% of the arteries. Conversely, actual %S matched at least one prediction of %S based on velocity data in 81% of the cases. US %S differed significantly from single velocity-based estimates of %S in at least one-third of the cases. On the other hand, four of five US measurements were confirmed by at least one velocity parameter. Emphasis on US, in addition to velocity data, is recommended for the interpretation of duplex US carotid examinations.

scholarly journals Cognitive function and carotid stenosis: review of the literature

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurélio Pimenta Dutra
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Carotid Stenosis ◽  
Carotid Artery Stenosis ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Artery Stenosis ◽  
Asymptomatic Carotid ◽  
Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT Stroke is a known cause of cognitive impairment but the relationship between asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis and cognitive function is not clear. The main risk factors for vascular disease are also related to carotid stenosis and cognitive impairment. The association of high-grade stenosis of the internal carotid artery with cognitive impairment is related to silent embolization and hypoperfusion, but it may also be present without evidence of infarction on magnetic resonance imaging. Carotid stenosis treatment may lead to a decline in cognitive function due to complications related to the procedures (endarterectomy or stenting). On the other hand, reperfusion may improve cognitive impairment. The best treatment choice is unclear, considering possible deterioration of cognitive function related to carotid artery stenosis. There is insufficient evidence to consider cognitive impairment an important factor in determining the therapy for carotid stenosis.

scholarly journals Predictive Value of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte, Aspartate-to-Alanine Aminotransferase, Lymphocyte-to-Monocyte and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratios in Severity and Side of Carotid Artery Stenosis: Are Those Significant?

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. E072-E078
Author(s):  
ÖZGÜR ALTINBAŞ ◽  
Şeniz Demiryürek ◽  
Mehmet Işık ◽  
Ömer Tanyeli ◽  
Yüksel Dereli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Carotid Artery Stenosis ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Artery Stenosis ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease that leads to mortality and morbidity by affecting arterial vascular structures. Carotid artery is one of these arterial structures and occlusive disease of carotid artery may cause stroke or cranial ischemic infarction. Inflammation plays a role in the atherosclerotic process. In this study, we aimed to discuss the relationship between the severity and side of carotid artery occlusion and novel inflammatory parameters include platelet-to-lymphocyte, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte, lymphocyte-to-monocyte, and aspartate-to-alanine aminotransferase ratios. Methods: One-hundred-fifteen patients who had carotid artery stenosis between 50%-99% and 115 healthy subjects with no carotid artery stenosis or additional disease were included in the study. The relationship between the side and degree of the lesion and platelet-to-lymphocyte, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte, lymphocyte-to-monocyte, and aspartate-to-alanine aminotransferase ratios were studied in the patient group. The patients with carotid artery stenosis and the healthy subjects were compared, in the terms of same parameters. Data were evaluated statistically. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the groups, in the terms of platelet-to-lymphocyte, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte, lymphocyte-to-monocyte, and aspartate-to-alanine aminotransferase ratios and the degree of stenosis. There was no statistically significant difference between the sides of the lesions and the parameters above except lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio. It was statistically significantly higher in left-sided lesions. Aspartate-to-alanine aminotransferase and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios were markedly higher in the patient group, when compared to controls. Conclusion: Platelet-to-lymphocyte, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte, lymphocyte-to-monocyte, and aspartate-to-alanine aminotransferase ratios are inexpensive, easy, fast, and reproducible parameters that can be used in determining the prediction of carotid artery stenosis.

Carotid artery stenosis in correlation with neck and carotid artery anatomy

Vascular ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 170853812110186
Author(s):  
Ivana Stula ◽  
Sanja L Kojundzic ◽  
Maja M Guic ◽  
Katarina Novak
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Carotid Artery Stenosis ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery Stenosis ◽  
Artery Stenosis ◽  
Left Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Neck Anatomy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Carotid Space

Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between neck anatomy, especially its largest muscle – sternocleidomastoid and carotid space, with carotid artery anatomy and stenosis. Methods We analysed 102 computed tomography carotid angiograms. The study included the measurement of the neck and sternocleidomastoid length, diameter and volume and the size of the carotid space. Analysis of carotid artery geometry, the length, angle and height of carotid artery bifurcation and the direction of the internal carotid artery origin was also included. Results We found a positive correlation only between the neck and carotid length. There was no correlation between other neck characteristics and a carotid anatomy or internal carotid artery stenosis. Direction of internal carotid artery origin was significantly different (p < 0.01) between the left and right sides. Conclusions We have not found a correlation between the size of sternocleidomastoid and carotid space and carotid stenosis as a hypothetical factor for atherosclerosis. Also, the degree of carotid artery stenosis did not correlate with other neck and carotid measurements. Neck and carotid anatomy correlated only in their lengths. The left internal carotid artery showed mostly posterolateral origin, and right internal carotid artery had no predominate direction.

High-Intensity Signal in Carotid Plaque on Routine 3D-TOF-MRA Is a Risk Factor of Ischemic Stroke

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 13-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyofumi Yamada ◽  
Masanori Kawasaki ◽  
Shinichi Yoshimura ◽  
Manabu Shirakawa ◽  
Kazutaka Uchida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Carotid Artery Stenosis ◽  
Carotid Plaque ◽  
Artery Stenosis ◽  
Carotid Plaques ◽  
Tof Mra ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ischemic Events

Background: Carotid atherosclerotic disease is recognized as an important risk factor for brain ischemic events. However, high-grade stenosis does not always cause ischemic strokes, whereas moderate-grade stenosis may often cause ischemic strokes. It has been reported that there is an association between carotid intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) and new cerebral ischemic events. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the relationship between high-intensity signals (HIS) on maximum intensity projection (MIP) images from routine 3-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (3D-TOF-MRA) and prior ischemic strokes in the patients with moderate carotid stenosis. Materials and Methods: Sixty-one patients with moderate carotid artery stenosis (50-69% stenosis based on North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial criteria) were included. Carotid IPH was defined as the presence of HIS in carotid plaques on MIP images detected by 3D-TOF-MRA using criteria we previously reported. We analyzed the relationship between the presence of HIS in plaques and prior ischemic strokes defined as ischemic lesions on diffusion-weighted brain images. Results: HIS in carotid plaques were present in 27 (44%) of 61 patients. Prior ipsilateral ischemic strokes occurred more frequently in the HIS-positive group than the HIS-negative group (67 vs. 9%, p < 0.001). Furthermore, there were more smokers in the group with ischemic stroke than without it (62 vs. 25%, p = 0.005). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, HIS in carotid plaque (OR 23.4, 95% CI 4.62-118.3, p < 0.001) and smoking (OR 5.44, 95% CI 1.20-24.6, p = 0.028) were independent determinants of prior ischemic strokes after adjustment for age. Conclusions: HIS in carotid plaques on 3D-TOF-MRA MIP images are independent determinants of prior ischemic strokes in patients with moderate carotid artery stenosis, and they can potentially provide a reliable risk stratification of patients with moderate carotid artery stenosis.

scholarly journals Plaque Length Predicts the Incidence of Microembolic Signals in Acute Anterior Circulation Stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Liming Zhao ◽  
Hongqin Zhao ◽  
Yicheng Xu ◽  
Aijuan Zhang ◽  
Jiatang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Carotid Artery Stenosis ◽  
Carotid Plaque ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Artery Stenosis ◽  
Anterior Circulation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

Microembolic signals (MES) of the carotid artery are associated with plaque destabilization and reoccurrence of stroke. Previous studies have focused primarily on the degree of carotid artery stenosis and plaque components, and the relationship between plaque length and microembolic sign has received little attention. We aimed to find the association between carotid plaque length (CPL) and the presence of MES. We conducted a retrospective observational cross-sectional study. A total of 84 acute anterior-circulation ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients with carotid artery atherosclerosis were classified into an MES-positive (MES+) group and MES-negative (MES−) group. We measured multiple parameters of carotid plaque size (length, thickness) in each patient and evaluated the relationship between different plaque parameters and occurrence of MES. We found that male, carotid artery stenosis (CAS), CPL, carotid plaque thickness (CPT), and intima-media thickness (IMT) of the carotid artery were each significantly different between two groups (all P < 0.05 ). The multivariate analysis showed CPL (odds ratio (OR), 1.109; 95% CI, 1.044–1.177; P = 0.001 ) to be independently associated with the presence of MES. The areas under the ROC curves (AUCs) for CPL for predicting MES were 0.777 (95% CI, 0.640–0.914; P < 0.001 ). The cutoff value of CPL for predicting MES was 16.7 mm, with a sensitivity of 88.2% and a specificity of 77.6%. We found that CPL was a meaningful independent predictor of MES. Therefore, CPL may be useful for risk stratification of long and nonstenotic plaques in anterior circulation stroke.

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