scholarly journals Agricultural Products Trade – the Way to Foster Economic Cooperation between Europe and Asia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-58
Author(s):  
Oksana Kiforenko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
The Way

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF CHINESE-KAZAKHSTAN TRADE IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF "ONE BELT, ONE WAY": FEATURES, FORMS OF COOPERATION AND PERSPECTIVES

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haohe Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Trade Barriers ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Trade Turnover ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Bilateral Cooperation

The "Оne Вelt, Оne Road" policy has brоught ecоnоmic and trаde relаtiоns between Chinа аnd Kаzаkhstаn closer in the field of agricultural products, adding new opportunities for development, and the volume of tradе has bеcomе stаblе and grоwing. Bilateral trade between China and Kazakhstan has shown new positive dynamics, where a unified trade structure is also noted. There are great development prospеcts in the field of agricultural products of the two countries. In this regard, the author points to a mega-project called the Belt and Road Initiative, which focuses on the current situation and characteristics of Sino-Kazakh agricultural trade. The article indicates some problems in the bilateral cooperation of the two states. Among these problems, the most important are noted. For example, the author notes that the situation with a large number of trade barriers prevents more Chinese and Kazakh enterprises from entering the market. As a starting point based on an analysis of the obstacles facing the development of bilateral agricultural trade, countermeasures should be taken to further deepen bilateral cooperation in agricultural trade. A set of proposals to mitigate the problems of economic cooperation between Kazakhstan and China are offered in the conclusion of the article. Key words: trade and economic cooperation, agrarian complex, dynamics of agricultural production growth, trade volume, trade turnover, trade barriers, RK, PRC.

Machinery for Rebuilding the European Economy: II. The Organization for European Economic Cooperation

1949 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. B. Lintott
Keyword(s):  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Individual Action ◽  
European Economic ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Way

The Organization for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC) was set up under, and has as its charter, the Convention for European Economic Cooperation signed in April 1948. To understand the way in which the Organization works, it is worth looking at one or two of the provisions of the convention. This agreement consists of two parts: the first a statement of the principles of individual action and cooperation on which the contracting parties are agreed; the second, the charter of OEEC.

scholarly journals Germany’s Government-Civil Society Development Cooperation Strategy: the dangers of the middle of the road

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-59
Author(s):  
Susan Engel
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Aid Effectiveness ◽  
State Funding ◽  
Development Cooperation ◽  
The Road ◽  
Civil Society Organisations ◽  
Cooperation Strategy ◽  
Civil Society Development ◽  
The Way

The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has been busy since the late 2000s studying the way aid donors manage their relations with development civil society organisations (CSOs). More than studying these relations, they have made some very detailed, managerialist suggestions about how CSOs should be organised and how donor governments should fund and otherwise relate to them. This came out of the debate about aid effectiveness, which was formally aimed at improving both donor and recipient processes. Donors have quietly dropped many of the aspects related to improving their own performance and yet a number have created new interventionist governance frameworks for CSOs. This is the case in Germany, which has a large, vibrant development CSO sector that has traditionally been quite autonomous, even where its received state funding thanks to Germany’s commitment to ‘subsidiarity.’ Yet Germany is otherwise a middle of the road donor and in many ways, these ‘reforms’ are moving its relations with civil society more towards a somewhat more managerialist approach, one that is in fact the norms amongst OECD donors.

scholarly journals The impact of subtle resistance to regional crop specialization: The case of maize farming in Rugeramigozi Marsh-Rwanda

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-104
Author(s):  
Gumira Joseph Hahirwa
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Agricultural Reform ◽  
Reform Implementation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Way

In the framework of the professionalization of the agricultural sector in Rwanda, a number of agricultural reforms including regional crop specialization, mono-cropping, use of improved seeds and chemical fertilisers among others have been initiated and have substantially contributed to the increase of agricultural products at the Rwandan local market. Even though the reform outcomes were promising, smallholder farmers had at the outset of the reform implementation opposed to the way crops were selected for their marshland and their reaction has influenced the reform implementation. This article explores the experience smallholder farmers have gone through during the initiation of new selected crops for their marshland, their reactions to the use of the mandatory seeds and the impact of their reactions. Findings reveal that farmers‘ discontents have slowed down cultivating maize because their preferred crop – the rice – considered more profitable was disregarded. To deter the implementation of growing maize, smallholder farmers have used strategic defiance in form of subtle argumentation, strategic silence, strategic apathy or indifference, ironical strategy among others and the impact of their stratagems have led to the amendment of the decision of growing undesirable crop(s) in their marshland. The latest data collected in October 2017 and January 2018 reveal clearly the blurred intentions behind farmers‘ reactions observed during the 2010 – 2012 research – they bring to light what they didn‘t dare to disclose then. This article shows finally that in any agricultural reform design, planners should consider all aspects upholding smallholder farmers‘ advantages and these are identifiable only if they participate proactively in the reform planning and implementation phases.

Self-sacrifice for in-group's history: A diachronic perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Babińska ◽  
Michal Bilewicz
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Psychology ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Emotional Events ◽  
Reciprocal Process ◽  
The Way

AbstractThe problem of extended fusion and identification can be approached from a diachronic perspective. Based on our own research, as well as findings from the fields of social, political, and clinical psychology, we argue that the way contemporary emotional events shape local fusion is similar to the way in which historical experiences shape extended fusion. We propose a reciprocal process in which historical events shape contemporary identities, whereas contemporary identities shape interpretations of past traumas.

What is the purpose of cognition?

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aba Szollosi ◽  
Ben R. Newell
Keyword(s):  
Infinite Number ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
The Way

Abstract The purpose of human cognition depends on the problem people try to solve. Defining the purpose is difficult, because people seem capable of representing problems in an infinite number of ways. The way in which the function of cognition develops needs to be central to our theories.

Peculiarity Parameters

1976 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 233-254
Author(s):  
H. M. Maitzen
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Observational Evidence ◽  
Rotator Model ◽  
Peculiar Behaviour ◽  
Field Spectrum ◽  
Oblique Rotator ◽  
Ap Stars ◽  
The Way

Ap stars are peculiar in many aspects. During this century astronomers have been trying to collect data about these and have found a confusing variety of peculiar behaviour even from star to star that Struve stated in 1942 that at least we know that these phenomena are not supernatural. A real push to start deeper theoretical work on Ap stars was given by an additional observational evidence, namely the discovery of magnetic fields on these stars by Babcock (1947). This originated the concept that magnetic fields are the cause for spectroscopic and photometric peculiarities. Great leaps for the astronomical mankind were the Oblique Rotator model by Stibbs (1950) and Deutsch (1954), which by the way provided mathematical tools for the later handling pulsar geometries, anti the discovery of phase coincidence of the extrema of magnetic field, spectrum and photometric variations (e.g. Jarzebowski, 1960).

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