scholarly journals Extensive literature search and provision of summaries of studies related to the oral toxicity of perfluoroalkylated substances (PFASs), their precursors and potential replacements in experimental animals and humans. Area 1: Data on toxicokinetics (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion) in in vitro studies, experimental animals and humans. Area 2: Data on toxicity in experimental animals. Area 3: Data on observations in humans

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Bull ◽  
Karin Burnett ◽  
Kate Vassaux ◽  
Lini Ashdown ◽  
Terry Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Search ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Extensive Literature Search ◽  
Perfluoroalkylated Substances

Thrombin as a multi-functional enzyme

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (12) ◽  
pp. 1020-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Schwameis ◽  
Andrew Blann ◽  
Christine Mannhalter ◽  
Bernd Jilma ◽  
Jolanta Siller-Matula
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Coagulation Cascade ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Measurable Effect ◽  
Laboratory Techniques ◽  
Extensive Literature Search ◽  
In Vivo Effects

SummaryThrombin is the central protease in the coagulation cascade and one of the most extensively studied of all enzymes. In addition to its recognised role in the coagulation cascade and haemostasis, thrombin is known to have multiple pleiotropic effects, which mostly have been shown only in in vitro studies: it plays a role in inflammation and cellular proliferation and displays a mitogen activity on smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells, predominantly by activation of angiogenesis. In vivo, thrombin effects were examined in animal models of intravenous or intraarterial thrombin infusion. An extensive literature search regarding in vivo data showed that i) thrombin administered as a bolus causes microembolism, ii) thrombin infused slowly at steady-state conditions (up to 1.6 U/kg/min) leads to bleeds but not to intravascular clotting, iii) large quantity of thrombin infused at low rates (0.05 U/kg/min) does not have any measurable effect, and iv) thrombin increases vascular permeability leading to tissue damage. Although several decades of research on thrombin functions have provided a framework for understanding the biology of thrombin, animal and human studies with use of newer laboratory techniques are still needed to confirm the pleiotropic thrombin functions shown in in vitro studies.Focus on in vitro and in vivo effects

scholarly journals Magnetic Suspension with Motorization to Measure the Speed of Gravity

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 1760020
Author(s):  
Henrique Linares ◽  
Carlos Frajuca ◽  
Fabio S. Bortoli ◽  
Givanildo A. Santos ◽  
Francisco Y. Nakamoto
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Magnetic Bearing ◽  
Magnetic Suspension ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Sliding Bearing ◽  
Speed Of Gravity ◽  
Engineering Problems ◽  
Extensive Literature Search ◽  
Hybrid Bearing

This work aims to design a magnetic suspension for an experiment to measure gravitys velocity. Such device must rotate two objects symmetrically with the greatest mass and largest radius as possible, at the speed of [Formula: see text], which means this device falls into the high-speed machines category. The guidelines and solutions proposed in this paper constitute a contribution to this class of engineering problems and were based on an extensive literature search, contacts with experts, the tutors and author’s experience, as well as on experimental results. The main solution proposed is a hybrid bearing that combines a radial passive magnetic bearing with an axial sliding bearing, here called MPS (Magnetic Passive and Sliding) bearing.

The genus Carex (Cyperaceae) in Armenia

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 494 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-41
Author(s):  
JACOB KOOPMAN ◽  
TARON ALEKSANYAN ◽  
ALLA ALEKSANYAN ◽  
GEORGE FAYVUSH ◽  
MARINA OGANESIAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Search ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Extensive Literature Search

In this paper we present an updated checklist, key and maps for all the currently known Carex taxa present in Armenia. The present work is based on the revision of the vouchers in herbaria ERE, W and MW, extensive literature search, and field research carried out in 2015–2019. As a result, 71 species of Carex are known from Armenia. Besides, the first Carex hybrid in Armenia has been found and provided here with a binomial name.

Hydroxyapatite, a potent agent to reduce dentin hypersensitivity; systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 2604-2610
Author(s):  
Hashmat Gul ◽  
Muhammad Asad Ghaffar ◽  
Muhammad Kaleem ◽  
Abdul Samad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Dentin Hypersensitivity ◽  
Dentinal Tubule ◽  
Dentin Permeability ◽  
Tubule Occlusion

Objective: This study reviews different modes of application of hydroxyapatite for treatment of dentin hypersensitivity via dentinal tubule occlusion. Methods: Literature search was performed using keywords, “hydroxyapatite and dentin hypersensitivity, hydroxyapatite and dentinal tubule occlusion, hydroxyapatite and dentin permeability, dentinal tubule occlusion” on Pubmed, Science Direct and Web of Science, which involved the results of previous 10 years (2009-2018). After screening, 16 studies were included in systematic review. Results: The results of in-vitro studies showed that application of hydroxyapatite caused dentinal tubule occlusion leading to reduction in dentin permeability and reduction in dentin hypersensitivity. Conclusion: Hydroxyapatite has the potential to reduce dentin hypersensitivity via dentinal tubule occlusion within 2-8 weeks. Keywords: Dentin hypersensitivity, Hydroxyapatite, Dentinal tubule occlusion. Continuous...

scholarly journals A Rare Case of Advanced Urethral Diverticular Adenocarcinoma and a Review of Treatment Modalities

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 232470961982840
Author(s):  
Fatai Oluyadi ◽  
Preethi Ramachandran ◽  
Vladmir Gotlieb
Keyword(s):  
Literature Search ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Urethral Diverticulum ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Platinum Based Chemotherapy ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Extensive Literature Search ◽  
Tract Infections

Female urethral diverticular cancer is a very rare entity with only around 100 cases reported so far in literature and accounts for <1% of all malignancies. In this article, we present a 47-year-old African American female with repeated hospital visits for urinary retention, hematuria, and urinary tract infections. Initial computed tomography imaging and cystoscopy was unremarkable except for a distended urinary bladder. Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging and corresponding cystoscopy eventually indicated the presence of a urethral diverticulum. She underwent urethral diverticulectomy and was found to have a mass arising from urethral diverticulum extending to vaginal walls. Her biopsy was suggestive of invasive adenocarcinoma in advanced stages, for which she subsequently underwent a total pelvic exenteration. Next-generation sequencing of the tumor showed CDKN2A/B loss, MSI-stable, and low TMB, thereby ruling out the options for targeted therapies. Extensive literature search and expert opinions were sought for her case since no consensus exists regarding the optimal therapeutic approach due to the rarity of this tumor. A final decision was made to treat her with platinum-based chemotherapy. Different treatment approaches including neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by surgery, surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy, and surgery followed by chemoradiation have been tried. Platinum-based chemotherapy has generally been preferred based on an extensive literature search. Multimodality treatment approach seems to be the current approach to management for advanced stages for better overall survival. This case illustrates the challenges faced in making diagnosis and treatment decisions due to the rarity of this type of tumor and lack of consensus in the treatment approach.

On the value of taxonomic standardization in evolutionary studies

Paleobiology ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Culver ◽  
Martin A. Buzas ◽  
Laurel S. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
Duration Data ◽  
Evolutionary Studies ◽  
Extensive Literature Search

Species duration data for living benthic foraminifera derived from an extensive literature search have been compiled and analyzed to investigate rates and patterns of species origination. The same data subjected to taxonomic standardization through examination of many specimens lodged in museum collections indicate strikingly different, and more realistic, rates and patterns.Evolutionary generalizations based on data generated from the literature only are often unreliable and may be directly in opposition to reality. Extensive attempts at taxonomic standardization should be the norm in paleobiological investigations.

scholarly journals Macrolide Allergic Reactions

Pharmacy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristy M. Shaeer ◽  
Elias B. Chahine ◽  
Sheeba Varghese Gupta ◽  
Jonathan C. Cho
Keyword(s):  
Literature Search ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Hypersensitivity Reactions ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Cutaneous Reactions ◽  
Extensive Literature Search

Macrolides are antimicrobial agents that can be used to treat a variety of infections. Allergic reactions to macrolides occur infrequently but can include minor to severe cutaneous reactions as well as systemic life-threatening reactions such as anaphylaxis. Most reports of allergic reactions occurred in patients without prior exposure to a macrolide. Cross-reactivity among macrolides may occur due to the similarities in their chemical structures; however, some published literature indicates that some patients can tolerate a different macrolide. Most published reports detailed an allergic reaction to erythromycin. Desensitization protocols to clarithromycin and azithromycin have been described in the literature. The purpose of this article is to summarize macrolide-associated allergic reactions reported in published literature. An extensive literature search was conducted to identify publications linking macrolides to hypersensitivity reactions.

Cardiopulmonary bypass on a patient with malaria

Perfusion ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J Coley ◽  
James C Hart
Keyword(s):  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Aortic Stenosis ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Severe Aortic Stenosis ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
History Of ◽  
Extensive Literature Search ◽  
Primaquine Phosphate

There are special considerations when performing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on a patient with malaria. A 70-year-old female with a recent history of severe aortic stenosis was scheduled to undergo elective aortic valve replacement. One week prior to surgery, the patient developed shaking chills and fever, with a positive malaria smear. An extensive literature search was undertaken to determine the effect of CPB on a patient with active malaria, but no prior reference was found. One major concern was the lysis of red blood cells while on bypass. The surgery was performed uneventfully, following 2 weeks of treatment with primaquine phosphate.

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