scholarly journals Prevalence of some Cryptosporidium species in cattle in Baghdad ,Iraq

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. TH. S. Al- zubaidi
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Cryptosporidium Species ◽  
Cryptosporidium Infection ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Cryptosporidium Oocysts ◽  
Shape And Size

A total of 268 fecal samples were collected from calves between 1 week to 2 years old from Al-Nasr station for dairy cattle and three regions in Baghdad (AL-Taji, AL-Shula, and AL-Gazaliya). Modified Zehil Neelson stain was used to detect Cryptosporidium oocysts in these samples. Oocyst shape and size were used as criterions for species identification. The overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection was 35.44%. No sex preponderance was found, but there was decreasing in the prevalence versus age, with C. parvum was the dominated species before six month age, and C. andersoni in calves older than that.

scholarly journals Prevalence and determinants of Cryptosporidium spp. infection in smallholder dairy cattle in Iringa and Tanga Regions of Tanzania

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E.S. Swai ◽  
N.P. French ◽  
E.D. Karimuribo ◽  
J.L. Fitzpatrick ◽  
M.J. Bryant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
The Family ◽  
Cryptosporidium Oocysts ◽  
Smallholder Dairy ◽  
Family House

The prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. infection in a cross-sectional study of dairy cattle, from two contrasting dairying regions in Tanzania, were determined by staining smears of faecal samples with the modified Ziehl-Neelsen technique. Of the 1 126 faecal samples screened, 19.7% were positive for Cryptosporidium spp. The prevalence was lower in Tanga Region than in Iringa Region. The prevalence of affected farms was 20% in Tanga and 21% in Iringa. In both regions, the probability of detecting Cryptosporidium oocysts in faeces varied with animal class, but these were not consistent in both regions. In Tanga Region, Cryptosporidium oocysts were significantly more likely to be found in the faeces of milking cows. In Iringa Region, the likelihood that cattle had Cryptosporidium-positive faeces declined with age, and milking cattle were significantly less likely to have Cryptosporidium positive faeces. In this region, 7% of cattle were housed within the family house at night, and this was marginally associated with a higher likelihood that animals had Cryptosporidium-positive faeces. Our study suggests that even though herd sizes are small, Cryptosporidium spp. are endemic on many Tanzanian smallholder dairy farms. These protozoa may impact on animal health and production, but also on human health, given the close associations between the cattle and their keepers. Further studies are required to assess these risks in more detail, and understand the epidemiology of Cryptosporidium spp. in this management system.

Prevalence of Fecal Salmonella Shedding by Cull Dairy Cattle Marketed in Washington State

1994 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN M. GAY ◽  
DANIEL H. RICE ◽  
JACOB H. STEIGER
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Animal Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Fecal Shedding ◽  
Selective Enrichment ◽  
Salmonella Dublin ◽  
Rectal Swabs

On nine occasions over a 1-year period, cull dairy cattle (n = 1,289) at four saleyards and one abattoir in Washington State were surveyed for salmonellae shedding by bacterial culture of duplicate rectal swabs, 251 single fecal samples and duplicate rectal swabs, and 225 mesenteric lymph node and duplicate rectal swabs. Using parallel selective enrichment and brilliant green media, salmonellae were isolated from six cattle, from rectal swabs only, and consisted of five isolates of Salmonella typhimurium and one of Salmonella dublin. In the two rectal swab- positive cattle for which mesenteric nodes were also sampled, 1-g samples of the nodes were negative. The rate of fecal shedding of cull dairy cattle marketed in Washington State as detected by this methodology is estimated to be 4.6 per 1,000 head (95% confidence interval of 1.9 to 10.6) and is expected to be no higher than 9.2 per 1,000 head if larger fecal samples were used. Based on antibiograms and plasmid profiles, none of the six isolates matched any of the 280 previously characterized isolates of the same serotypes obtained from human salmonellosis cases 2 years previously by the State health department. Four of the five S. typhimurium isolates matched three of 215 S. typhimurium isolates obtained from bovine submissions to the State's animal disease diagnostic laboratory and by a field animal disease investigation unit. The S. dublin isolate matched 17 of the 165 S. dublin isolates in those submissions. In this State, swab sampling of cull dairy cows at the point of first market concentration does not appear to be an efficient method of detecting salmonellae- infected dairy herds.

Detection of potentially human infectious assemblages of Giardia duodenalis in fecal samples from beef and dairy cattle in Scotland

Parasitology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (9) ◽  
pp. 1123-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Bartley ◽  
Beeke K. Roehe ◽  
Sarah Thomson ◽  
Hannah J. Shaw ◽  
Frederieke Peto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Host Age ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Sequence Types ◽  
Assemblage B

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the prevalence and assemblages of Giardia duodenalis present in Scottish beef and dairy cattle at different ages, to try to ascertain if cattle could play a role in the spread of zoonotic assemblages of Giardia. A total of 388 fecal samples (128 beef and 253 dairy, seven of unknown breed) were collected from 19 farms in Scotland. Samples were sub-divided by host age, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, 7–24 and ⩾25 weeks. DNA was extracted and tested by PCR to detect G. duodenalis DNA. Of the 388 samples, 126 tested positive, giving an overall prevalence of 32.5%, with positive samples being observed in all age groups tested. The prevalence in dairy cattle was 44.7% (113/235), which was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than the prevalence in beef cattle 10.1% (13/128). Sequence analysis demonstrated the presence of assemblage E (77.2%, sequence types E-S1–E-S5), assemblage B (18.2%) and assemblage A (sub-assemblages AI-AII) (4.6%). These data demonstrate that G. duodenalis is found routinely in both dairy and beef cattle throughout Scotland; the presence of assemblages A and B also indicates that cattle may play a role in the spread of potentially zoonotic assemblages of Giardia.

scholarly journals First record of Cyclospora and Cryptosporidium species in the Himalayan Goral {Naemorhedus goral (Hardwicke, 1825)} from Nepal

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagannath Adhikari ◽  
Roshan Babu Adhikari ◽  
Bishnu Prasad Bhattarai ◽  
Tej Bahadur Thapa ◽  
Tirth Raj Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
First Record ◽  
Cryptosporidium Species ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Causal Association ◽  
Forest Patch ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Muellerius Capillaris

Abstract Objectives: This study was carried out to detect the various gastrointestinal parasites in the fecal samples of the Himalayan goral Naemorhedus goral (Hardwicke, 1825) from a forest patch of Rumsi area, the Seti River basin, Tanahun district, Nepal. Results: A total of 17 fecal samples (89.47%) were positive for different parasites in which the prevalence of protozoa was 52.63%, and that of helminths was 73.68%. The positive rates of different parasites showed the following orders as Entamoeba spp. (52.63%), Spirocerca spp. (52.63%), Angiostrongylus (36.84%), Cryptosporidium (26.31%), Cyclospora (26.31%), Strongyle (26.31%), Eimeria (10.52%), Trichostrongylus (10.52%), Muellerius capillaris (10.52%), and Blastocystis (5.26%). Although all of the above parasites are firstly reported from the fecal samples of goral in Nepal, the presence of Cyclospora and Cryptosporidium species suggests that these coccidia may directly affect the survival of the Himalayan goral. Further molecular evidences of causal association with Cyclosporiasis and Cryptosporidiosis should be established in these animals.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. in pigs at weaning

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 4157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Junqueira Matos ◽  
Marcelo Vasconcelos Meireles ◽  
Willian Marinho Dourado Coelho ◽  
Katia Denise Saraiva Bresciani
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Good Management ◽  
Cryptosporidium Oocysts ◽  
São Paulo State

Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. are parasites and have been reported in many species of mammals, including humans. The goal of this research was to investigate the occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. in 45-days-old pigs. Fecal samples of 107 pigs were collected at three alternate days in piggeries in Araçatuba, São Paulo State, Brazil. Cryptosporidium oocysts were observed in 4.7% (5/107) of animals by Kinyoun acid-fast stain method and cysts of Giardia spp. were observed in 1.9% (2/107) of the animals by the method of Faust. Of all animals, 85 presented feces with normal consistency and 22 showed diarrhea in at least one collection. Two diarrheic samples showed positivity for both Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. From these results it is possible to infer that the occurrence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia was low because of the good management practices and both protozoa were not associated the presence of symptoms.

scholarly journals Epidemiology ofSalmonellasp. in California cull dairy cattle: prevalence of fecal shedding and diagnostic accuracy of pooled enriched broth culture of fecal samples

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omran A. Abu Aboud ◽  
John M. Adaska ◽  
Deniece R. Williams ◽  
Paul V. Rossitto ◽  
John D. Champagne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Broth Culture ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Fecal Shedding ◽  
Cull Cows ◽  
Fecal Sampling

BackgroundThe primary objective of this cross-sectional study was to estimate the crude, seasonal and cull-reason stratified prevalence ofSalmonellafecal shedding in cull dairy cattle on seven California dairies. A secondary objective was to estimate and compare the relative sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) for pools of 5 and 10 enriched broth cultures of fecal samples forSalmonellasp. detection.MethodsSeven dairy farms located in the San Joaquin Valley of California were identified and enrolled in the study as a convenience sample. Cull cows were identified for fecal sampling once during each season between 2014 and 2015, specifically during spring, summer, fall, and winter, and 10 cows were randomly selected for fecal sampling at the day of their sale. In addition, study personnel completed a survey based on responses of the herd manager to questions related to the previous four month’s herd management. Fecal samples were frozen until testing forSalmonella. After overnight enrichment in liquid broth, pools of enrichment broth (EBP) were created for 5 and 10 samples. All individual and pooled broths were cultured on selective media with putativeSalmonellacolonies confirmed by biochemical testing before being serogrouped and serotyped.ResultsA total of 249 cull cows were enrolled into the study and their fecal samples tested forSalmonella. The survey-weighted period prevalence of fecal shedding of allSalmonellasp. in the cull cow samples across all study herds and the entire study period was 3.42% (N = 249; SE 1.07). The within herd prevalence ofSalmonellashed in feces did not differ over the four study seasons (P = 0.074). The Se of culture of EBP of five samples was 62.5% (SE = 17.12), which was not statistically different from the Se of culture of EBP of 10 (37.5%, SE = 17.12, P = 0.48). The Sp of culture of EBP of five samples was 95.24% (SE = 3.29) and for pools of 10 samples was 100.00% (SE = 0). There was no statistical difference between the culture relative specificities of EBP of 5 and 10 (P > 0.99).DiscussionOur study showed a numerically higher prevalence ofSalmonellashedding in the summer, although the results were not significant, most likely due to a lack of power from the small sample size. A higher prevalence in summer months may be related to heat stress. To detectSalmonella, investigators may expect a 62.5% sensitivity for culture of EBP of five, relative to individual fecal sample enrichment and culture. In contrast, culture of EBP of 10 samples resulted in a numerically lower Se. Culture of EBP of size 5 or 10 samples, given similar prevalence and limit of detection, can be expected to yield specificities of 95 and 100%, respectively.

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