scholarly journals Racializing American “Egyptians”: Shifting Legal Discourse, 1690s–1860s

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-59
Author(s):  
Ann Marguerite Ostendorf
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
North American ◽  
Legal Discourse ◽  
The United States ◽  
American Colonies ◽  
Legal Discourses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Legal Structures ◽  
British North American

This article situates the historical “Egyptian,” more commonly referred to as “Gypsy,” into the increasingly racist legal structures formed in the British North American colonies and the early United States, between the 1690s and 1860s. It simultaneously considers how those who considered themselves, or were considered by others, as “Egyptians” or “Gypsies” navigated life in the new realities created by such laws. Despite the limitations of state-produced sources from each era under study, inferences about these people’s experiences remain significant to building a more accurate and inclusive history of the United States. The following history narrates the lives of Joan Scott, her descendants, and other nineteenth-century Americans influenced by legalracial categories related to “Egyptians” and “Gypsies.” This is interwoven with the relevant historical contexts from American legal discourses that confirm the racialization of such categories over the centuries.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Frank Towers
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Order ◽  
Nation State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
The U.S

Today’s political map of North America took its basic shape in a continental crisis in the 1860s, marked by Canadian Confederation (1867), the end of the U.S. Civil War (1865), the restoration of the Mexican Republic (1867), and numerous wars and treaty regimes conducted between these states and indigenous peoples through the 1870s. This volume explores the tumultuous history of North American state-making in the mid-nineteenth century from a continental perspective that seeks to look across and beyond the traditional nation-centered approach. This introduction orients readers by first exploring the meaning of key terms—in particular sovereignty and its historical attachment to the concept of the nation state—and then previewing how contributors interrogate different themes of the mid-century struggles that remade the continent’s political order. Those themes fall into three main categories: the character of the states made and remade in the mid-1800s; the question of sovereignty for indigenous polities that confronted the European-settler descended governments of Canada, Mexico, and the United States; and the interaction between capitalist expansion and North American politics, and the concomitant implications of state making for sovereignty’s more diffuse meaning at the level of individual and group autonomy.

The Black Legend of Texas

PMLA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
pp. 735-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Brickhouse
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New York ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Print Culture ◽  
The United States ◽  
American Colonies ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Come ◽  
Foundational Work

Among The Many Significant Contributions of Raúl Coronado's A World Not to Come: A History Of Latino Writing and Print Culture is its vivid account of a lost Latino public sphere, a little-known milieu of hispanophone intellectual culture dating back to the early nineteenth century and formed in the historical interstices of Spanish American colonies, emergent Latin American nations, and the early imperial interests of the United States. In this respect, the book builds on the foundational work of Kirsten Silva Gruesz's Ambassadors of Culture: The Transamerican Origins of Latino Writing, which gave definitive shape to the field of early Latino studies by addressing what were then (and in some ways still are) the “methodological problems of proposing to locate the ‘origins’ of Latino writing in the nineteenth century.” Gruesz unfolded a vast panorama of forgotten Spanish-language print culture throughout the United States, from Philadelphia and New York to New Orleans and California, in which letters, stories, essays, and above all poetry bequeathed what she showed convincingly were “important, even crucial, ways of understanding the world” that had been largely lost to history (x). Coronado's book carries forward this project of recovery, exploring a particular scene of early Latino writing centered in Texas during its last revolutionary decades as one of the Interior Provinces of New Spain, its abrupt transition to an independent republic, and its eventual annexation by the United States. As a “history of textuality” rather than a study of literary culture per se (28), the book tells the story of the first printing presses in Texas but also evinces the importance of manuscript circulation as well as private and sometimes unfinished texts. A World Not to Come concerns both print culture and origins but refuses to fetishize either, attending to the past not to “the degree that it is a measure of the future,” as Rosaura Sánchez once put it, but for the very opposite reason: because it portended a future that was never realized (qtd. in Gruesz, Ambassadors xi).

scholarly journals RUSSIA’S ROLE IN THE STRUGGLE FOR THE INDEPENDENCE OF THE NORTH AMERICAN COLONIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Vladislav L. Gorfin ◽  
Alexander M. Rybakov
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
North American ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Xviii Century ◽  
American Colonies ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of

In the article the authors show the place of Russia in the struggle for the independence of the United States. They reveal the concept of «military neutrality», its essence and content. They define the basic principles of the world colonial system in the XVIII century, the foundations of interrelation between world powers and their colonies. They identify the priorities and interests for the development of foreign policy relations. They establish causal links between the war of the North American colonies of Great Britain for their independence and the policies of a number of European powers (Russia, Great Britain, France), as well as the consequences to which it led. The article considers the history of the struggle for independence and the formation of a new state of the United States of America, the development of foreign policy relations. The authors focus on the history of Russian-American relations in the second half of the XVIII century in the political aspect, and emphasize the increasing penetration of Russia’s influence in the scientific and cultural spheres which directly influenced and enriched the two countries. The relations between Russia and the United States and their history are studied. The history of relations between Russia and Great Britain is shown. The authors analyze the history of attempts to involve the Russian Empire in the war on the side of Great Britain, the position of the Russian government and Catherine II, as well as their attitude to these attempts. The authors give prominence to a number of world political figures and note their personal contribution to the process of struggle for independence and the further development of the United States of America. Unknown moments of their biographies are revealed. Conclusions are drawn about the role and the place of the leading countries of the period under study in the struggle for freedom and independence of the future superpower.

Canada's First Professional Company

1977 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-98
Author(s):  
Yashdip Singh Bains
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North American ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
Quebec City ◽  
Theatrical Performances ◽  
History Of ◽  
British North American

To write about theatrical entertainment in Canada before the Confederation is to enter a relatively unfilled field. In the absence of a fully documented account of stage presentations, historians like Jean Beraud and Murray D. Edwards have tended to underrate the frequency and quality of performances in assembly rooms and makeshift theaters in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries and slighted the crucial role of strolling players in the growth of the theater in British North American provinces. One of the topics still to be investigated is the pioneering work of a trio of actor-managers—Edward Allen, John Bentley and William Moore—who arrived in Montreal from the United States early in 1786 and deserve recognition for founding Canada's first professional company, which gave evenings of entertainment along the lines of London companies. In his history of Montreal theater, Franklin Graham recorded a performance by Allen and Company in 1786, and E. Z. Massicotte uncovered a lease signed by Edward Allen in 1787, but neither explored further. Pierre Georges Roy who compiled data about theatrical performances in Quebec City from the Quebec Gazette and Quebec Mercury began his investigations in 1790 and missed the earlier events.

An Overview of the History of Religious Life in the United States

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Wittberg ◽  
Thomas P. Gaunt
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
Religious Order ◽  
Religious Institutes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Socioeconomic Composition

This chapter briefly describes the history of religious institutes in the United States. It first covers the demographics—the overall numbers and the ethnic and socioeconomic composition—of the various institutes during the nineteenth century. It next discusses the types of ministries the sisters, brothers, and religious order priests engaged in, and the sources of vocations to their institutes. The second section covers changes in religious institutes after 1950, covering the factors which contributed to the changes as well as their impact on the institutes themselves and the larger Church. The chapter concludes with a brief overview of the subsequent chapters.

Schools & the Diversity Transition

Daedalus ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 142 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Alba
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Educational Policy ◽  
North American ◽  
The United States ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
Abundant Evidence ◽  
Working Age ◽  
History Of

In the next quarter century, North American and Western European societies will face a profound transformation of their working-age populations as a result of immigration, combined with the aging of native majorities. These changes will intensify the challenges of integrating the children of lowstatus immigrants. Abundant evidence reveals that most educational systems, including that in the United States, are failing to meet these challenges; and sociological theories underscore these systems' role in reproducing inequality. However, the history of assimilation in the United States shows that native-/immigrant-origin inequalities need not be enduring. An examination of variations across time and space suggests educational policy changes and innovations that can ameliorate inequalities.

History of Research in Developmental Psychology

2013 ◽  
pp. 12-34
Author(s):  
W. Andrew Collins ◽  
Willard W. Hartup
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Experimental Psychology ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
The United States ◽  
Psychological Development ◽  
First Century ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
History Of

This chapter summarizes the emergence and prominent features of a science of psychological development. Pioneering researchers established laboratories in Europe in the mid-nineteenth century to examine the significance of successive changes in the organism with the passage of time. American psychologists, many of whom had studied in the European laboratories, subsequently inaugurated similar efforts in the United States. Scientific theories and methods in the fledgling field were fostered by developments in experimental psychology, but also in physiology, embryology, ethology, and sociology. Moreover, organized efforts to provide information about development to parents, educators, and public policy specialists further propagated support for developmental science. The evolution of the field in its first century has provided a substantial platform for future developmental research.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis A. Pérez
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Liberation ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Historical Literature ◽  
History Of

The character of the history of Cuba was fixed early in the nineteenth century, at the about moment that Cubans imagined the need for a proper history of their own. From that time forward, historical knowledge of Cuba has hewed to a well-defined narrative arc, one shaped discursively around the formation of nation, something of a chronicle of national liberation given principally to the celebration of collective resolve and commemoration of individual valor. Much of the historical literature has been given to the heroic, an account of a people to whom is ascribed indomitable will confronting adversaries possessed of unyielding determination, from which are derived two principal narrative subsets of struggle: against colonialism (Spain) and against imperialism (the United States)....

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Denson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Government ◽  
National Council ◽  
Cherokee Nation ◽  
The West ◽  
Historic Site ◽  
History Of

This book began with tourism. In the summer of 1994, a friend and I drove from Bloomington, Indiana, where I attended graduate school, to Florida for a short vacation. As we sped along Interstate 75 through northern Georgia, I spotted a brown roadside sign announcing that, at the next exit, we would find New Echota, a state historic site interpreting the history of the Cherokee Nation. For a brief time in the early nineteenth century, New Echota was the Cherokee capital, the seat of the national government created by tribal leaders in the 1820s. The Cherokee National Council met at New Echota in the years prior to removal, and it was the site of the Cherokee Supreme Court. During a time when the United States and the state of Georgia pressured Cherokees to emigrate to the West, the new capital represented the Cherokees’ determination to remain in their homeland. It was also the place where, in late 1835, a small group of tribal leaders signed the treaty under which the United States forced the Cherokee Nation to remove. I had recently become interested in the history of Cherokee sovereignty and nationhood, and I concluded that I should prob ably know about this heritage attraction. We pulled off the highway and followed the signs to the site....

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