scholarly journals ENERGY SAVINGS IN AUXILIARY VENTILATION SYSTEMS OF UNDERGROUND MINES

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 72-82
Author(s):  
ALPER GONEN
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Underground Mines ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Variable Speed Drives ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Electrical Consumption

Energy is a basic need for industries around the world. In recent years, electrical power costs have risen considerably and this rise is likely to continue in the future. Meanwhile, the increasing cost of ventilating mines safely and efficiently is of vital importance. Ventilation on demand has the potential to optimize electrical consumption while maintaining the safety of mines. This paper investigates the energy efficiency enhancement through ventilation on demand in underground mines by installing variable speed drives on the auxiliary mine ventilation fans to provide variable airflow control. Variable speed drives are cost effective and manageable and require low maintenance. It has been estimated that a total electrical energy saving of 324,300 kW, or 53%, can be achieved in 1 year by using variable speed drives. Therefore, it is possible to reduce CO2 emissions by 155.6 tons per year with a simple payback period of 5 months 220 days.

scholarly journals Analysis of Energy Use and Energy Savings: A Case Study of a Condiment Industry in India

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4798
Author(s):  
Khan Rahmat Ullah ◽  
Marudhappan Thirugnanasambandam ◽  
Rahman Saidur ◽  
Kazi Akikur Rahman ◽  
Md. Riaz Kayser
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Electric Motors ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Variable Speed Drives ◽  
Speed Reduction

Electric motors and boilers lead the industrial components which consume the largest portion of energy in an industry. This study explores the energy audit data of the condiment industry in India. The study mainly focuses on the estimation of the load factor, energy use, energy savings and annual bill savings with payback period of the electric motors of the plant. During the audit, it was found that there were several motors running under loaded conditions despite non-availability of variable speed drives installed in the plant. Therefore, variable speed drives are recommended to be installed to save energy by reducing the motors speed by up to 60%. According to the estimation, about 276 MWh, 551 MWh and 827 MWh electrical energy can be saved for 20%, 40% and 60% speed reduction of the motors using variable speed drives, respectively, where in most of the cases the payback period remains below 1 year. Furthermore, some suggestions are made to improve the poor power factor of running motors by using capacitor banks to save the reactive power. Besides, an estimation of energy saving is performed with a 2-ton capacity boiler. Since, there was no heat recovery system in the boiler; an air-preheater is suggested to be installed at the end of flue gas exhausting path of the boiler with the purpose of saving 68 tons of fuel per annum and having a payback period of 12 months. Moreover, a digital monitoring system, namely, “The Smart Joules” has been proposed to be installed in the plant aiming at saving about 3–5% of total energy per annum and having a payback period of 19 months. Finally, a summarization is made concluding in the fact that about 90 MWh energy and 95 tons of fuel can be saved (excluding motor energy savings) per annum by implementing proposed measures with a payback period of 15 months.

scholarly journals Optimal Regulation of Pumping Station in Water Distribution Networks Using Constant and Variable Speed Pumps: A Technical and Economical Comparison

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Cimorelli ◽  
Carmine Covelli ◽  
Bruno Molino ◽  
Domenico Pianese
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Variable Speed Drives ◽  
Optimal Regulation ◽  
Energy Consuming

Greenhouse gas emission is one of the main environmental issues of today, and energy savings in all industries contribute to reducing energy demand, implying, in turn, less carbon emissions into the atmosphere. In this framework, water pumping systems are one of the most energy-consuming activities. The optimal regulation of pumping systems with the use of variable speed drives is gaining the attention of designers and managing authorities. However, optimal management and operation of pumping systems is often performed, employing variable speed drives without considering if the energy savings are enough to justify their purchasing and installation costs. In this paper, the authors compare two optimal pump scheduling techniques, optimal regulation of constant speed pumps by an optimal ON/OFF sequence and optimal regulation with a variable speed pump. Much of the attention is devoted to the analysis of the costs involved in a hypothetical managing authority for the water distribution system in order to determine whether the savings in operating costs is enough to justify the employment of variable speed drives.

Variable Speed Drives

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold T. Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Eddy Current ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Citrus Industry ◽  
Variable Speed Drives ◽  
Control Functions ◽  
Conveyor Belts ◽  
Correct Location

The 3 C’s Cash - Control - and Coordination based on the use of variable speed drives in the Citrus Industry is covered in this paper. Proper use of variable speed drives results in more money (CASH) from Energy Savings, Reduced Maintenance cost, and Improved Efficiencies. By regulating the speed of pumps and conveyor belts, less problems from mismatched speeds occur (CONTROL). The timing of the material reaching the correct location through proper speeds of equipment means improved COORDINATION. The various types of variable speed drives and their manufacturers are discussed. The type of drives covered range from simple eddy current, with minimum control features, to electronic AC and DC drives with unlimited control functions. Paper published with permission.

scholarly journals Freezing on demand: A new concept for mine safety and energy savings in wet underground mines

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud A. Alzoubi ◽  
Ahmad Zueter ◽  
Aurelien Nie-Rouquette ◽  
Agus P. Sasmito
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
Underground Mines ◽  
Mine Safety ◽  
On Demand

Analysis of photovoltaic arrays efficiency for reduction of building cooling load in hot climates

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 733-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zubair ◽  
Ahmed Bilal Awan ◽  
Praveen RP
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Cooling Load ◽  
Shading Effect ◽  
Photovoltaic Arrays ◽  
Electrical Energy Production ◽  
Building Cooling ◽  
Cooling Loads

This research work presents shading of building in hot and dry climate areas using rooftop photovoltaic arrays. Electrical power generation using photovoltaic arrays helps in reducing dependency on the utility grid. Areas with high intensities of solar radiation for a longer duration of time create high daily temperature. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) falls in high temperature and very low humidity climate zone. KSA has increased electricity tariff rates by 260% since 1 January 2018, has planned goals of generation of 9.5 gigawatts of renewable energy by 2030, and has ideas of constructing a self-sustainable city by the Red Sea. Energy analysis performed in this research is to calculate benefits of placing photovoltaic arrays on a rooftop of Buildings. These benefits include the electrical energy production and reduction of building cooling load by shading effect on a rooftop. By placing photovoltaic arrays on rooftop, up to 23% energy saving of cooling load can be achieved. The net annual output of photovoltaic generation per panel is discussed by adding energy generation and saving in cooling load of the building. The distance between the photovoltaic arrays is optimized for maximum benefits of electrical energy and saving in cooling loads. Practical application: Photovoltaic arrays on rooftops for shading effect have practical benefits of energy savings in hot environment areas where high solar irradiance heat up the buildings. Photovoltaic arrays provide shading and energy generations which is a step towards zero energy buildings.

Generating Renewable Electric Power and Reducing Carbon Footprint by Converting Low-Grade Heat to Electrical Energy

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Halsband
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Low Grade Heat ◽  
Stack Gas

Recent technological developments in expander design and next generation refrigerants have made implementation of the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) a viable strategy for converting low grade heat into valuable amounts of recoverable, green electrical power. This green process reduces the typical plants carbon footprint. A brief review of the technical drivers of a typical ORC design will be followed with examples of waste heat energy sources in a typical 50 MMGPY biofuels plant. A Case History will be presented for potential energy sources to drive the process that will include 1.) 15 psig steam / condensate return 2.) Boiler stack gas 3.) Dryer stack gas emissions with expected converted electrical energy yields. Impact of energy savings and reducing total plant carbon emissions will also be addressed.

scholarly journals Electrical Power Generation Using Footsteps

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iqbal Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Load Shedding ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
The World ◽  
Unidirectional Valve

Electricity is the most general forms of energy used across the world. This paper focuses on designing a setup that leads to the generation of electrical energy which is going to waste when humans are walking. Footsteps are an untapped natural resources. This generated energy is, however, costeffective and nonhazardous for human. Electrical energy can be produced by converting mechanical energy using footsteps. Generating the electric power through the fabrication of footstep arrangement by a prototype comprises of a pipe, nozzle, unidirectional valve, water reservoir, turbine, and DC motor. Whenever pressure is exerted on the reservoir, water flows through the nozzle into the turbine and generates electrical energy. This energy is stored in the battery. This project will reduce the global warming and load shedding in a much cleaner cost-effective way. Since this project is related directly to the human movement, the weight of the setup is a crucial factor.

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