The Digital Divide in Canada and the U.S.: Measurement and Meaning

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin R. Dowding
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Digital Divide ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Information Highway ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Economic Analyses ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The U.S

Since the advent of the Information Highway (Society/Economy) considerable policy-making has been undertaken by governments in Canada and the U.S. in response to the Digital Divide. While measuring the divide has largely been limited to neo-liberal economic analysis, the U.S. appears to be committing more resources and doing more fine-grained analyses of the situation. This paper compares statistical and political economic analyses already completed and provides alternative analyses useful to guarantors of access to information.Depuis l’avènement de l’autoroute de l’information (Société/Économie), un nombre considérable de politiques ont été élaborées par les gouvernements du Canada et des États-Unis afin de réduire le fossé numérique. Alors que la mesure du fossé a été limitée en grande partie par l’analyse économique néo-libérale, les États-Unis semblent engager davantage de ressources et effectuer des analyses plus précises de la situation. Cette étude compare les analyses statistiques et politico-économique déjà achevées et présente des analyses alternatives utiles garantissant l’accès à l’information. 

When an Industry Peer Is Accused of Financial Misconduct: Stigma versus Competition Effects on Non-accused Firms

2021 ◽  
pp. 000183922110206
Author(s):  
Ivana Naumovska ◽  
Dovev Lavie
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Dynamics ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Competition Effect ◽  
Market Returns ◽  
Stock Market Returns ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Competition Effects ◽  
Financial Misconduct ◽  
Industry Peers ◽  
The U.S

Research on misconduct suggests that accusations against industry peers generate negative consequences for non-accused firms (a “stigma effect”). Yet, building on research on competitive dynamics, we infer that such accusations can benefit non-accused firms that compete with these peers (a “competition effect”). To reconcile these opposing perspectives, we posit that the negative stigma effect will increase with greater product market overlap between the non-accused firm and its accused peer, up to a point, beyond which the positive competition effect will counterbalance it. We further conjecture that the competition effect will be relatively more pronounced when the market classification used by investors for assessing the market overlap is more fine-grained. Accordingly, we suggest that more sophisticated investors, who rely on more fine-grained market classifications, increase their shareholdings in non-accused firms to a greater extent than less sophisticated investors as the market overlap between the non-accused firm and the accused peer increases. Using elaborate data on products and investments, we analyze investors’ shareholdings and stock market returns of non-accused firms in the U.S. software industry following accusations of financial misconduct by their industry peers, and we find support for our predictions. Our study elucidates the interplay between stigma and competition following misconduct by industry peers.

scholarly journals Campaign Finance Regulations and Public Policy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
MARTIN GILENS ◽  
SHAWN PATTERSON ◽  
PAVIELLE HAINES
Keyword(s):  
Government Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Campaign Finance ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Synthetic Control ◽  
Synthetic Control Method ◽  
Citizens United ◽  
Independent Expenditures ◽  
American Elections ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Despite a century of efforts to constrain money in American elections, there is little consensus on whether campaign finance regulations make any appreciable difference. Here we take advantage of a change in the campaign finance regulations of half of the U.S. states mandated by the Supreme Court’s Citizens United decision. This exogenously imposed change in the regulation of independent expenditures provides an advance over the identification strategies used in most previous studies. Using a generalized synthetic control method, we find that after Citizens United, states that had previously banned independent corporate expenditures (and thus were “treated” by the decision) adopted more “corporate-friendly” policies on issues with broad effects on corporations’ welfare; we find no evidence of shifts on policies with little or no effect on corporate welfare. We conclude that even relatively narrow changes in campaign finance regulations can have a substantively meaningful influence on government policy making.

A Methodology to Conduct a Combined Heating and Power System Assessment and Feasibility Study for Industrial Manufacturing Facilities

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad Wheeley ◽  
Pedro J. Mago
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Prime Mover ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Industrial Manufacturing ◽  
System Assessment ◽  
Manufacturing Facilities ◽  
Economic Analyses ◽  
Chp System ◽  
Topping Cycle

This paper considers combined heat and power (CHP) systems based on topping cycles only, in which electricity is generated by a prime mover and heat is then recovered from the exhaust and utilized to offset all or a portion of the facility’s process and/or space heating requirements.. The objective of this paper is to develop a methodology to perform a topping cycle CHP assessment and feasibility study for industrial manufacturing facilities. In order to determine the best and most viable option for the facility in question, the proposed methodology can be used to size different systems which utilize diverse technologies and fuel sources, perform an economic analysis of each proposed option, and then compare the benefits and setbacks of each type of CHP system considered. The calculations performed in the economic analysis will then provide a broad insight as to which proposed system will show the best payback if installed. Examples are presented in this paper that describe in detail the application of this methodology, from equipment selection and sizing through economic analyses and proposed system comparisons, which is recommended for use in order to determine the most economically feasible CHP system for an industrial manufacturing facility.

scholarly journals Techno-Economic Analysis of a Hyaluronic Acid Production Process Utilizing Streptococcal Fermentation

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Rafael G. Ferreira ◽  
Adriano R. Azzoni ◽  
Maria Helena Andrade Santana ◽  
Demetri Petrides
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Fed Batch Culture ◽  
Economic Analyses

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a polysaccharide of alternating d-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine residues present in the extracellular matrix of connective, epithelial, and nervous tissues. Due to its singular hydrating, rheological and adhesive properties, HA has found numerous cosmetic and medical applications. However, techno-economic analyses of high value-added bioproducts such as HA are scarce in the literature. Here, we present a techno-economic analysis of a process for producing HA using Streptococcus zooepidemicus, simulated in SuperPro Designer. In the baseline scenario, HA is produced by batch fermentation, reaching 2.5 g/L after 24 h. It is then centrifuged, diafiltered, treated with activated carbon and precipitated with isopropanol. The product is suitable for topical formulations and its production cost was estimated as 1115 $/kg. A similar scenario, based on fed-batch culture and assuming a titer of 5.0 g/L, led to a lower cost of 946 $/kg. Moreover, in two additional scenarios, 10% of the precipitated HA is diverted to the production of a highly pure and high-molecular weight HA, suitable for injectable applications. These scenarios resulted in higher capital and operating costs, but also in higher profits, because HA for injectable use has a higher selling price that more than compensates for its higher production costs.

Economic Analysis of Tank Coatings for Tankers in Clean Service

1965 ◽  
Vol 2 (04) ◽  
pp. 380-389
Author(s):  
E. Lee Purlee ◽  
Walter A. Leyland ◽  
W. E. McPherson
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Zinc Silicate ◽  
Silicate Coating ◽  
Economic Analyses ◽  
Two Alternatives

An economic analysis has been made of a hypothetical 30,000-dwt tanker operated in continuous, clean service. Under the premise that the ship will continue to operate throughout her remaining book-life in predominantly clean service, two alternatives are considered. Alternative I: Conventional corrosion policy is continued. Annual shipyard repair, including steel renewals and maintenance are performed to the extent required. Alternative II: The required steel renewals are made at the end of the fifth year of service and all tanks are coated with a zinc silicate coating. Annual shipyard repairs and maintenance are subsequently performed to the extent required. In general, the methods consisted of (a) generating steel-renewal requirements by appropriate simulations for the 20 years' book-life of the vessel, and (b) conducting economic analyses of alternatives I and II for comparison. The results of this study indicate that coating the tanks in accordance with alternative II represents a net saving of $998,301 by the end of the vessel's book-life. The payout time on the coating investment was found to be 6.6 years with an average, annual return on the coating investment of 21.9 percent.

Government Officials, Academics, and the Process of Formulating U.S. National Security Policy Toward Africa

1990 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-20
Author(s):  
Larry W. Bowman
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
National Security ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Phone Call ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
The Government ◽  
Research Contract ◽  
The U.S

Relationships between U.S. government officials and academic specialists working on national security and foreign policy issues with respect to Africa are many and complex. They can be as informal as a phone call or passing conversation or as formalized as a consulting arrangement or research contract. Many contacts exist and there is no doubt that many in both government and the academy value these ties. There have been, however, ongoing controversies about what settings and what topics are appropriate to the government/academic interchange. National security and foreign policy-making in the U.S. is an extremely diffuse process.

scholarly journals Le Conseil national de sécurité et la politique sud-africaine des États-Unis de 1969 à 1976.

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles David
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Security Council ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
National Security Council ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Presidential Decisions ◽  
The U.S

This article examines the performance of the U.S. National Security Council as a policy-making body vis-à-vis the southern African conflict under the Nixon and Ford Administrations. It discusses and verifies the hypothesis that the institutionalized System of the NSC gives the President a way of seriously improving his policies, by analyzing (within a structured and formalized framework) the range of options and alternatives, free of negative bureaucratic influences. Furthermore, it shows the impact that the presidential decisions had over the orientation of the southern African conflict from 1969 to 1976.

scholarly journals New Insights into Rental Housing Markets across the United States: Web Scraping and Analyzing Craigslist Rental Listings

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoff Boeing
Keyword(s):  
Census Data ◽  
Rental Housing ◽  
Housing Markets ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Single Digit ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Apartment Complexes ◽  
The U.S

Current sources of data on rental housing – such as the census or commercial databases that focus on large apartment complexes – do not reflect recent market activity or the full scope of the U.S. rental market. To address this gap, we collected, cleaned, analyzed, mapped, and visualized 11 million Craigslist rental housing listings. The data reveal fine-grained spatial and temporal patterns within and across metropolitan housing markets in the U.S. We find some metropolitan areas have only single-digit percentages of listings below fair market rent. Nontraditional sources of volunteered geographic information offer planners real-time, local-scale estimates of rent and housing characteristics currently lacking in alternative sources, such as census data.

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