The Environmental Effects of Skidder Traffic and Skidding Directions on Forest Soil Compaction and the Regeneration Establishment Condition in Choob-e- Farim Forests

This study examines the short-term impact of forest soil compaction and organic matter removal on soil mesofauna, in general, and oribatid mite species, in particular. Both soil compaction and organic matter removal reduced the density of soil mesofauna. Stem-only harvesting reduced total mesofauna densities by 20% relative to uncut forest values. A combination of whole-tree harvest and forest floor removal with heavy soil compaction significantly reduced total soil mesofauna densities by 93% relative to the uncut forest control. Removal of the forest floor represents a substantial loss of habitat for most soil mesofauna. The forest floor apparently buffered the mineral soil by limiting both the impact of soil compaction and fluctuations in soil temperature and moisture. The relative abundance of Prostigmata and Mesostigmata increased with treatment severity, whereas that of Oribatida decreased. Species richness of the oribatid mite fauna was reduced as the severity of treatments increased. The number of rare oribatid species (those representing <1% of the total oribatid mite sample) decreased by 40% or more relative to the uncut forest control. Evenness also decreased as treatment severity increased. Oppiella nova and Suctobelbella sp. near acutidens were the dominant oribatid species in both the forest floor and mineral soil, regardless of treatment. Soil compaction and organic matter removal significantly impacted the density and diversity of soil mesofauna and oribatid mite fauna in the short term at these study sites.

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Phospholipid fatty acids in forest soil four years after organic matter removal and soil compaction

Applied Soil Ecology ◽

10.1016/s0929-1393(01)00182-2 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 173-182 ◽

Cited By ~ 67

Author(s):

Felix Ponder ◽

Mahasin Tadros

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Forest Soil ◽

Soil Compaction ◽

Phospholipid Fatty Acids ◽

Organic Matter Removal

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Investigation of various options for processing gray forest soil in a field crop rotation

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202126404025 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 264 ◽

pp. 04025

Author(s):

Victor Balabanov ◽

Afanasiy Lee ◽

Begmat Norov ◽

Ibrohim Khudaev ◽

Victor Egorov

Keyword(s):

Forest Soil ◽

Crop Rotation ◽

Soil Compaction ◽

Gray Forest Soil ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Plant Protection Products ◽

Soil Heterogeneity ◽

Average Area ◽

Vladimir Region ◽

Strict Compliance

The paper presents the results of studies of various variants of the main treatment of gray forest soil in the experimental field in JSC “Lednevo” of the Yuriev-Polsky district of the Vladimir region Russian Federation. The experiment includes 12 strips, with an average area of 7.5 ha, consisting of 3 variants, with decreasing intensity of tillage and 4 repetitions. Based on the studies, it was found that the main problem associated with the physical condition of the soil was significant compaction of the soil at a depth of 20 – 25 cm. When using dump processing, increased soil heterogeneity was observed, and with “minimal” variants, the presence of weed vegetation was noted, which required changes in the strategy of using plant protection products and strict compliance with crop rotation. In this paper, it is recommended to remove the “plow sole” and reduce soil compaction by deep loosening of the soil to a depth of 35-40 cm in autumn, followed by a transition to a minimum soil treatment by cultivators.

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Bewertung von befahrungsbedingten Bodenveränderungen mittels Bakterienpopulationen | Evaluation of machine-induced soil compaction in forest soils by means of changes in soil bacteria populations

Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen ◽

10.3188/szf.2010.0498 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 161 (12) ◽

pp. 498-503 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Beat Frey

Keyword(s):

Forest Soil ◽

Soil Compaction ◽

Structural Damage ◽

Soil Bacteria ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Physical Parameters ◽

Soil Physics ◽

Low Oxygen ◽

Mechanical Pressure ◽

Bacterial Populations

The use of heavy logging machinery in the Swiss forest most often leads to the formation of ruts in which the soil suffers profound and long-lasting damage. In Switzerland the establishment of legal guidelines concerning the measurement of parameters in forest soil physics is being devised, although the necessary scientific bases are still largely lacking. The central question is what degree of structural change in the soil is to be regarded as soil damage. The purpose of this study is to investigate the functional relationship between the physical properties of the soil (compaction), the way these influence vital soil functions and the composition of the bacterial population in the deep ruts. Wheel tracks were divided into three categories, depending on the degree of compaction, by an optical evaluation of easily recognizable morphological characteristics. Soil samples from places showing typical characteristics were investigated for their physical parameters, and genetic analyses of the soil bacteria were carried out. First results show that mechanical pressure on soil by heavy harvesting machines interferes with the balance of gases in the soil of the ruts, and this leads to a shift in the species of soil bacteria present. Anaerobic conditions in the compacted wheel tracks encourage those bacteria adapted to conditions of low oxygen, and increase the production of trace gases (methane, nitrous oxide). The study shows that bacterial populations are sensitive to mechanical pressures on the soil and react to changing habitats. They can thereby be used in an evaluation of the degree of structural damage in the forest soil after the passage of machines.

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