scholarly journals The Role of Brown Bear (Ursus arctos) in the Plant Seed Dispersal of Golestan National Park

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-42
Author(s):  
S. karimi ◽  
M.R. Hemami ◽  
M. Tarkesh Esfahani ◽  
Ch. Baltzinger ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
National Park ◽  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
Plant Seed

scholarly journals Identifying climate refugia and its potential impact on Tibetan brown bear ( Ursus arctos pruinosus ) in Sanjiangyuan National Park, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (23) ◽  
pp. 13278-13293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunchuan Dai ◽  
Charlotte E. Hacker ◽  
Yuguang Zhang ◽  
Wenwen Li ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
Potential Impact

scholarly journals Use of salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) by Brown Bears (Ursus arctos) in an Arctic, interior, montane environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew S. Sorum ◽  
Kyle Joly ◽  
Matthew D. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Brooks Range ◽  
Brown Bears ◽  
Arctic Circle ◽  
Aerial Surveys

Salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) is a key dietary item for temperate coastal Brown Bears (Ursus arctos) across much of their circumpolar range. Brown Bears living in Arctic, interior, and montane environments without large annual runs of salmon tend to be smaller bodied and occur at much lower densities than coastal populations. We conducted ground and aerial surveys to assess whether Brown Bears fished for salmon above the Arctic Circle, in and around Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve. Here, we document the use of salmon by interior Brown Bears in the Arctic mountains of the central Brooks Range of Alaska. We believe our findings could be important for understanding the breadth of the species’ diet across major biomes, as well as visitor safety in the park and Brown Bear conservation in the region.

scholarly journals The role of wild carnivores in the maintenance of trichinellosis in the Tatras National Park, Slovakia

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Hurníková ◽  
B. Chovancová ◽  
D. Bartková ◽  
P. Dubinský
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Trichinella Britovi ◽  
Wild Carnivores ◽  
Carnivore Species ◽  
Wild Predators

AbstractA survey on trichinellosis in wild carnivores and their role in the transmission of parasite in the model territory of the Tatras National Park was conducted in years 2005–2006. Muscle samples of 102 wild predators representing 10 species belonging to families Canidae, Mustelidae and Ursidae were examined. The highest prevalence of Trichinella britovi was established among red foxes (19.7 %) and martens (37.5 %). The parasite was also detected in European polecat and brown bear. No infection was present in wolves, badgers, otters, weasels, and stoats. The results show that in circulation of trichinellosis in nature various carnivore species are included. The high number of infected martens is indicative of their role in maintenance of trichinellosis that should be considered due to synantropic behaviour of these animals.

scholarly journals Population Status and Distribution of Himalayan Brown Bear (Ursus arctos isabellinus) in Musk Deer National Park Neelum, Azad Jammu and Kashmir (Pakistan)

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-164
Author(s):  
Usman Ali ◽  
Naeem Iftikhar ◽  
Nuzhat Shafi ◽  
Khawaja Basharat Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Siddique Awan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Musk Deer ◽  
Population Status ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Maximum Information ◽  
Potential Habitat ◽  
Extreme North

The Himalayan brown bear (Ursus arctos isabellinus) is considered as .Endangered. in Pakistan. However, a small population of this species still exists in northern Pakistan including Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK). A study was conducted to determine population status and distribution of Himalayan brown bear in Musk Deer National Park (MDNP), from April 2011 to September 2012. MDNP, covering an area of 528.16 km2, is situated in the extreme north of AJ&K (upper Neelum Valley) about 155 km away from Muzaffarabad. Study area was divided into three zones (Phulawai, Sardari and Loser) and searched for brown bear signs and evidences. A total of 17 transect surveys were carried out to collect the data on current population status and distribution of Himalayan brown bear in the study area. In addition, questionnaires based surveys were carried out in the area to gather maximum information about this species. Based on direct and indirect signs collected, a total population of about 12 individuals with a population density of 0.42 bear/km2 was estimated in the MDNP with maximum (0.45 bear/km2) in Loser and minimum (0.37 bear/km2) in Phulawai zone. Altitudinal preference was recorded highest (0.46 bear/km2) at the elevation level of >3000 m asl. For the proper management and conservation of Himalayan brown bear, more comprehensive study should be carried out throughout its potential habitat.  

scholarly journals Evidence of bhellar (Trewia nudiflora) seed dispersal by chital (Axis axis) in Chitwan National Park, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
Bed Bahadur Khadka ◽  
Babu Ram Lamichhane
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
National Park ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Deer Species ◽  
Axis Axis ◽  
Trewia Nudiflora ◽  
Breeding Center ◽  
Germination Success ◽  
Chitwan National Park

In riverine forest of Chitwan National Park, Nepal, Bhellar or trewia (Trewia nudiflora) is one of the most abundant tree species. Similarly, chital (Axis axis) is the most abundant and widely distributed deer species. We documented the potential role of chital in seed dispersal of trewia tree in Chitwan. We observed the trewia seeds regurgitated by chital at the Gharial Conservation and Breeding Center (GCBC), Kasara, Chitwan. The trewia seeds were recorded the following morning of the chital sheltering the GCBC. A detailed study is suggested to understand trewia the seed germination success and trewia-chital relationship.

scholarly journals The role of the brown bear Ursus arctos as a legitimate megafaunal seed disperser

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto García-Rodríguez ◽  
Jörg Albrecht ◽  
Sylwia Szczutkowska ◽  
Alfredo Valido ◽  
Nina Farwig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Mediterranean Forests ◽  
Brown Bears ◽  
Fleshy Fruits ◽  
Seed Dispersers ◽  
Regeneration Processes

AbstractMegafaunal frugivores can consume large amounts of fruits whose seeds may be dispersed over long distances, thus, affecting plant regeneration processes and ecosystem functioning. We investigated the role of brown bears (Ursus arctos) as legitimate megafaunal seed dispersers. We assessed the quantity component of seed dispersal by brown bears across its entire distribution based on information about both the relative frequency of occurrence and species composition of fleshy fruits in the diet of brown bears extracted from the literature. We assessed the quality component of seed dispersal based on germination experiments for 11 fleshy-fruited plant species common in temperate and boreal regions and frequently eaten by brown bears. Across its distribution, fleshy fruits, on average, represented 24% of the bear food items and 26% of the total volume consumed. Brown bears consumed seeds from at least 101 fleshy-fruited plant species belonging to 24 families and 42 genera, of which Rubus (Rosaceae) and Vaccinium (Ericaceae) were most commonly eaten. Brown bears inhabiting Mediterranean forests relied the most on fleshy fruits and consumed the largest number of species per study area. Seeds ingested by bears germinated at higher percentages than those from whole fruits, and at similar percentages than manually depulped seeds. We conclude that brown bears are legitimate seed dispersers as they consume large quantities of seeds that remain viable after gut passage. The decline of these megafaunal frugivores may compromise seed dispersal services and plant regeneration processes.

scholarly journals Brown bear damage: patterns and hotspots in Croatia

Oryx ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dário Hipólito ◽  
Slaven Reljić ◽  
Luís Miguel Rosalino ◽  
Seth M. Wilson ◽  
Carlos Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
Game Species ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
Damage Compensation ◽  
Damage Claims ◽  
Major Factors

AbstractHuman–bear conflicts resulting from livestock depredation and crop use are a common threat to the brown bear Ursus arctos throughout its range. Understanding these conflicts requires the recording and categorization of incidents, assessment of their geographical distribution and frequency, and documentation of the financial costs and the presence of any preventative measures. Damage compensation schemes can help mitigate conflicts and, in some cases, improve acceptance of bears. This study aims to elucidate the major factors determining the patterns of damage caused by bears, examine the effectiveness of preventative measures in reducing such damage, and identify bear damage hotspots in Croatia. Our analysis is based on damage reports provided by hunting organizations to the Croatian Ministry of Agriculture during 2004–2014. The highest number of claims were made for damage to field crops and orchards. Damage to livestock, agricultural crops and beehives resulted in the highest total cost to farmers. Damage to beehives and to automatic corn feeders for game species incurred the highest cost per damage event. We identified a hotspot for bear damage claims in Croatia, located near Risnjak National Park and the border with Slovenia. Damage appears higher in areas that have more villages closer to protected areas and a greater per cent of forest cover, indicating a synergistic effect of protected environments that facilitate bear movements and the presence of human activities that provide easily accessible food for bears.

scholarly journals Complementary endozoochorous seed dispersal by large mammals in the Golestan National Park, Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 294-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sorour Karimi ◽  
Mahmoud-Reza Hemami ◽  
Mostafa Tarkesh Esfahani ◽  
Hossein Akhani ◽  
Christophe Baltzinger
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
National Park ◽  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Growth Forms ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Large Herbivores ◽  
Dispersal Vectors

AbstractLarge animals tend to disperse seeds over long distances via ingestion and defecation due to their large home range and capacity to move among different habitats for feeding. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of endozoochorous seed dispersal by five herbivores: Ovis vignei, Capra aegagrus, Gazella subgutturosa, Cervus elaphus, Capreolus capreolus and two omnivores: Sus Scrofa and Ursus arctos in the Golestan National Park, northeast of Iran, by a greenhouse germination experiment. A total of 3107 seedlings belonging to 154 different plant taxa were germinated from 655 dung samples collected in three different habitats. Plant families that most frequently germinated were Poaceae and Brassicaceae. Urtica dioica was the most abundant germinating seed, accounting for 20% of all the seedlings recorded in our dung samples, whereas the most frequently observed species was Portulaca oleracea, which occurred in 24% of our samples. We showed that 54% of the seeds germinating were dispersed by only one of the mammals studied. Herbs and graminoids were the most frequently dispersed growth forms by the herbivores and the wild boar, whereas brown bears mostly dispersed shrubs. The seedling composition in the dung samples was strongly correlated with the local flora especially for non-selective feeders, like red deer. The differences observed in the number of plants and frequency of different growth forms dispersed among the studied mammals reflect their body size, digestive physiology, and dietary and habitat preferences. Our findings highlight the different and complementary roles of large herbivores and omnivores as long-distance seed dispersal vectors.

scholarly journals Seed Dispersal by Brown Bears, Ursus arctos, in Southeastern Alaska

2004 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary F. Willson ◽  
Scott M. Gende
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Forest Understory ◽  
Habitat Distribution ◽  
Brown Bears ◽  
Fleshy Fruits ◽  
Scat Analyses

Mammals often consume fleshy fruits and disperse significant quantities of the enclosed seeds. In southeastern Alaska, Brown Bears (Ursus arctos) are among the most important dispersers of seeds for the numerous plant species producing fleshy fruits, because these bears are abundant, often eat large quantities of fruit, and commonly excrete seeds in germinable condition. Scat analyses showed that Brown Bears on Chichagof Island ate increasing quantities of fruit through summer and fall. Scats commonly contained several thousand seeds, often of two or more species. Four kinds of seeds of fleshyfruited plants that normally grow in forest understory germinated at similar levels when experimentally deposited (in bear scats) in the two most common habitats (forest and muskeg), suggesting that habitat distribution of these plants is not determined simply by germination patterns. Although seed passage through bear digestive tracts and the composition of scats are known to affect germination rates to some degree, the most important role of bears in seed dispersal is probably transport.

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