scholarly journals The Effectiveness of cognitive therapy based on mindfulness on positive affect, psychological flexibility and mind-awareness components of people With depression symptoms

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 53-68
Author(s):  
Mitra Goudarzi ◽  
Neda Ghasemi ◽  
Fazlollah Mirderikvand ◽  
Simin GholamreZaei ◽  
◽  
...  
PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250099
Author(s):  
Sheri L. Johnson ◽  
Benjamin Swerdlow ◽  
Jordan A. Tharp ◽  
Serena Chen ◽  
Jennifer Tackett ◽  
...  

Background Theory and research suggest that social dominance is important for multiple forms of psychopathology, and yet few studies have considered multiple dimensions of psychopathology simultaneously, and relatively few have used well-validated behavioral indices. Method Among 81 undergraduates, we used a well-validated experimental approach of assigning participants to a leadership or subordinate position, and we examined how self-rated severity of depression, social anxiety, manic tendencies, and psychopathy relate to psychophysiological and affective reactivity to this role. Results Consistent with hypotheses, manic symptoms related to more discomfort in the subordinate role compared to the leadership role, as evidenced by more decline in positive affect, more discomfort, and a larger RSA decline, while depression symptoms related to a more positive response to the subordinate role than the leadership role, including more positive affect and more comfort in the assigned role. Social anxiety was related to discomfort regardless of the assigned role, and those with higher psychopathy symptoms did not show differential response to assigned roles. Limitations Findings are limited by the mild symptom levels and absence of hormonal data. Conclusions Findings provide novel transdiagnostic evidence for the importance of social dominance to differentiate diverse forms of psychopathology.


2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1285-1291
Author(s):  
Roberta Sonia Rodrigues Álvares ◽  
Ana Carolina Ferraz Mendonça-de-Souza ◽  
Antônio Fernando Araujo Duarte ◽  
Thaís Medeiros Gameiro ◽  
Nastassja Lopes Fischer ◽  
...  

We evaluated the participants’ negative affect, positive affect, post-traumatic stress disorder, and depression symptoms before and after a peacekeeping mission. Depression symptoms and positive affect after mission were significantly associated with exposure to stressful events during the mission, controlled by the respective characteristics before mission. Negative affect and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms after mission had a tendency to be associated with exposure to stressful events during the mission, controlled by the respective characteristics before mission. In conclusion, even in healthy and physically active male peacekeepers, those more exposed to stressful events could be more vulnerable to present negative outcomes.


1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cory F. Newman

Cognitive therapy, as conducted by Aaron T. Beck and his associates, is known for effectively teaching clients to modify the kinds of dysfunctional thinking processes that are associated with depression and a number of other disorders. On the other hand, cognitive therapy has developed a reputation for paying too little attention to emotionality and its expression thereof as part of treatment. In spite of this popular viewpoint, it is argued here that cognitive therapy is very much concerned with the appropriate experiencing of affect. Two brief case illustrations are presented that highlight the role of emotion enhancement as an important, congruent component of cognitive therapy. The first case demonstrates the facilitation of positive affect in therapy, while the second case example suggests that the augmentation of negative affect may also be appropriate during the course of cognitive therapy.


2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basant Pradhan ◽  
Tapan Parikh ◽  
Ramkrishna Makani ◽  
Madhusmita Sahoo

Depression affects about 121 million people worldwide and prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) in US adults is 6.4%. Treatment resistant depression (TRD) accounts for approximately 12–20% of all depression patients and costs $29–$48 billion annually. Ketamine and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) have useful roles in TRD, but their utility in long term is unknown. As per the latest literature, the interventions using Yoga and meditation including the mindfulness based cognitive therapy (MBCT) have been useful in treatment of depression and relapse prevention. We present a review of rTMS, ketamine, and MBCT and also report efficacy of a depression specific, innovative, and translational model of Yoga and mindfulness based cognitive therapy (DepS Y-MBCT), developed by the first author.DepS Y-MBCTas an adjunctive treatment successfully ameliorated TRD symptoms in 27/32 patients in an open label pilot trial in TRD patients. Considering the limitations of existing treatment options, including those of ketamine and rTMS when used as the sole modality of treatment, we suggest a “tiered approach for TRD” by combining ketamine and rTMS (alone or along with antidepressants) for rapid remission of acute depression symptoms and to useDepS Y-MBCTfor maintaining remission and preventing relapse.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-José van Tol ◽  
Rozemarijn Surya van Kleef ◽  
Ronja Eike ◽  
Evelien van Valen ◽  
Jan-Bernard Marsman ◽  
...  

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a prevalent psychiatric disorder, characterized by high relapse risk. With every new episode, risk for relapse increases. This makes preventing relapse an important clinical target in limiting the personal and societal burden of MDD. Preventive Cognitive Therapy (PCT) is a protocolized psychological therapy which has shown to lower relapse risk. How PCT attains its effects needs further elucidation. Understanding the treatment mechanisms provides a window to identify critical target points to prevent depressive relapse. In this randomized controlled trial, 50 patients remitted from at least two depressive episodes in the past five years were randomized to eight sessions of PCT (n=25) or to a waiting list condition (n=25) in the context of the NEWPRIDE trial. Primary outcome measures were changes in brain activation during effortful emotion regulation and in biased processing, covering both negative and positive valence dimensions. All patients were assessed twice (baseline and three-month follow-up) for these outcome measures, as well as their diagnosis, symptomatology, cognitive and affective reactivity, and emotion regulation styles. Linear Mixed Models and Repeated Measures ANOVAs were conducted to objectify the immediate changes induced by the therapy in brain reactivity, and clinical and cognitive measures. Following PCT, patients showed decreased recruitment of dorsomedial prefrontal regions during upregulation of positive affect and stable recruitment of the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex during regulation of emotions over valences, compared to the waiting list. No effects on biased processing of emotional information were observed. Furthermore, PCT resulted in a lower increase of depressive symptomatology over three months as compared to the waiting list condition. Finally, PCT resulted in increased activation of positive thoughts following reading positive self-related scenarios, lower responsivity of negative affect to negative stimuli and increased successful application of cognitive reappraisal to modify affective states. These results suggest that PCT obtains its relapse preventing effects by targeting mechanisms that underpin regulation of mood. More specifically, changes in regulation of positive affect and content of positive cognitions may decrease negative mood and affect. This supports cross-valence compensatory models of cognitive therapy and suggests that strengthening and shifting cognition and affect to more positive content may guard against the activation of negative cognitions and affect in the face of daily hassles and life events.


2021 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanel J Larche ◽  
Peter Tran ◽  
Tyler B Kruger ◽  
Navi Dhaliwal ◽  
Mike J Dixon

Playing video games to escape daily life is associated with problem video gaming and depression. Playing to escape is an especially common motive among players of role-playing games (RPGs). Given that RPGs are highly immersive, a possible source of positive affect for depressed escape players may be the rewarding aspects of flow or immersion. We aimed to ascertain whether players who report gaming to escape are more prone to experiencing flow while playing RPGs but not arcade-type platform games. In Experiment 1, we measured the depression symptoms and player motives of 56 participants while they played an RPG. We measured subjective arousal, flow, and positive affect after each condition of an ABBA design (A was a control condition featuring a simplified game, B the fully immersive game). In Experiment 2, we recruited 65 players to play a simple platform game (also measuring problem video gaming and mindfulness). In both studies, we contrasted those in the upper tercile of escape motivation scores with those in the lower tercile of these scores. Escape gamers (n = 20) had greater flow and positive affect while playing an RPG (Experiment 1) than did non-escape players (n = 19), but escape (n = 22) and non-escape (n = 22) gamers did not differ in flow and affect when playing a platform game (Experiment 2). Gaming to escape was significantly correlated with depression in Experiment 1. Experiment 2 showed that escape gaming was associated with problem video gaming and mindfulness problems. These findings suggest that escape gamers may find relief through the enjoyment of experiencing flow, but only in immersive games.RésuméLa pratique des jeux vidéo comme moyen de s’évader de la vie quotidienne est associée au problème de la dépendance au jeu et à la dépression. Cette motivation s’observe particulièrement chez les adeptes de jeux de rôle. Étant donné la nature fortement immersive de ces derniers, l’expérience gratifiante que procure la fluidité/l’immersion pourrait être une source possible d’affect positif pour les joueurs déprimés. Nous avons voulu savoir si les joueurs qui disent pratiquer les jeux vidéo par désir d’évasion font davantage l’expérience de la fluidité dans le cadre des jeux de rôle que dans les plateformes de jeux de type arcade. Dans la 1re expérience, nous avons évalué la symptomatologie dépressive et les motivations chez 56 joueurs dans le cadre d’un jeu de rôle. Nous avons mesuré le degré d’excitation subjective, de fluidité et d’affect positif au terme de deux situations de jeu suivant un modèle ABBA (A correspondant à un jeu simplifié, B à un jeu pleinement immersif). Dans la 2e expérience, 65 joueurs ont joué à un simple jeu de plateforme (tout en évaluant leur degré de dépendance aux jeux vidéo et leur capacité d’attention). Dans chaque cas, on a comparé les résultats des tertiles supérieur et inférieur relativement au désir d’évasion. Les joueurs en quête d’évasion (n=20) ont montré une fluidité et un affect positif supérieurs par rapport aux autres joueurs (n=19) dans le cadre du jeu de rôle (1re expérience); toutefois, aucune différence n’a été relevée entre les deux groupes, ni sur le plan de la fluidité, ni sur le plan de l’affect, dans le cadre du jeu de plateforme (2e expérience). La pratique des jeux vidéo comme moyen d’évasion est fortement corrélée avec la dépression dans la 1re expérience; la 2e montre qu’elle est associée à la dépendance au jeu et à des problèmes de capacité d’attention. Ces résultats laissent penser que le plaisir associé à l’expérience de la fluidité procure peut-être aux joueurs qui pratiquent les jeux vidéo un sentiment de soulagement, mais que cela se produirait uniquement dans les jeux immersifs.


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