The Effects of Government Subsidies and Globalization on Firm-level Income Inequality in China: Using Firm-Level Gini Coefficients and Fixed Effects Panel Regression

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-228
Author(s):  
Sunghwan Kim ◽  
Dongmin Lim ◽  
Wenxi Li
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Panel Regression ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Government Subsidies ◽  
Gini Coefficients ◽  
Fixed Effects Panel Regression

scholarly journals Spatial income inequality in Toronto: a longitudinal study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candace Safonovs
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Spatial Inequality ◽  
Income Segregation ◽  
Inequality Measures ◽  
Housing Characteristics ◽  
Fixed Effects Panel Regression ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Housing Regulation

This paper examines the trends and changes in both spatial and non-spatial income inequality in the Toronto CMA between 1985 and 2015 at various geographic scales, including both within and between neighbourhoods. Fixed effects panel regression models are used to uncover which local demographic and housing characteristics are most significant in explaining changes in inequality within neighbourhoods over time. Findings indicate that macro-scale income segregation among neighbourhoods has declined, while micro-scale intra-neighbourhood income segregation has increased since 1985. Further, compared to overall changes in income inequality in the region, neighbourhoods have become more homogenous in terms of their household income distribution. Thus, neighbourhood sorting by households based on income has increased since 1985. Consistent with extant literature, local housing characteristics have spillover effects on income segregation. Specifically, variables associated with greater housing affluence are negatively correlated with intra-neighbourhood inequality measures, and thus positively correlated with income homogenization. This confirms and adds to the literature that local land use regulations impact income spatial inequality. KEYWORDS Spatial Income Inequality; Segregation; Neighbourhoods; Toronto CMA; Fixed Effects Models; Quantitative Analysis; GIS; Housing Regulation

scholarly journals Determinants of increased health care spending: Colombia in the international context

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan José Espinal Piedrahita ◽  
Jairo Humberto Restrepo Zea ◽  
Daniel Alberto Grajales Gaviria
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Health Spending ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Health Care Spending ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
Panel Regression ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
International Context ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Fixed Effects Panel Regression

Abstract Financial sustainability in health refers to the balance over time between income and expenditure, so expenditure is a major fiscal challenge and its determinants require monitoring. The objective of this study is to define and measure the most important determinants that influence increases in health expenditure in 80 countries at different income levels, and to determine how the average level of increase compares with Colombia. A literature review was conducted to define the determinants. Then, a fixed-effects panel regression model was estimated to reveal the contribution of these determinants to the increase in spending. The results indicate that demographic variables and technological innovation have the greatest impact on the increase in health spending (45% and 43%, respectively). In conclusion, the study validates what is reported in the international literature with regard to upper-middle-income countries, where the evidence identifies that demographic and technological factors have the greatest impact on the increase in spending. There is also a need to include institutional and outcome variables to ensure that a fuller array of health spending determinants are considered, quantified, and explored.

scholarly journals Capital Adequacy and Systemic Risk of Banks in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mihir Dash
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Risk ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Panel Regression ◽  
Minimum Level ◽  
Moderator Variables ◽  
Minimum Capital ◽  
Fixed Effects Panel Regression ◽  
Systemic Impact

This study examines the role of capital adequacy in systemic risk for banks in India. The moderator variables considered for the study include bank size, non-performing assets, leverage, deposits, loans & advances, and investments. A fixed-effects panel regression model was applied, with bank fixed effects and year fixed effects.The study contributes to the literature by proposing the concept of minimum level of capital adequacy for neutral systemic risk, which is the level of capital adequacy for which the systemic risk is non-positive. The results of the study indicate that bank size, non-performing assets, leverage, and loans & advances have a significant impact on the minimum capital adequacy for neutral systemic risk. Further, the results of the study suggest that the role of capital adequacy in systemic impact was different for public sector and private sector banks.The study suggests that, instead of setting a fixed capital adequacy level for all banks, the model can be used to set capital adequacy targets for individual banks with estimates or projections of the bank’s characteristics. This can be used in conjunction with the Basel III framework in order to rationalise capital adequacy targets.

scholarly journals The impact of preference-based, person-centered care on regulatory outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 837-837
Author(s):  
Xiao Qiu ◽  
Katherine Abbott ◽  
John Bowblis ◽  
Kimberly Van Haitsma
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Pay For Performance ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Panel Regression ◽  
Fixed Effects Panel Regression ◽  
Centered Care ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Everyday Living

Abstract The Preferences for Everyday Living Inventory (PELI) was mandated as a pay for performance indicator by the Ohio Department of Medicaid in 2015. This study explored the impacts of PELI implementation on regulatory outcomes in 2017. The level of PELI implementation from n=551 Ohio nursing home providers between 2015 and 2017 were linked with Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Nursing Home Compare data. Fixed effects panel regression analyses assessed the effects of time-varying PELI implementation on 2015-2017 regulatory outcomes that could be correlated with quality of life including fines, substantiated complaints, health scores, deficiency counts and deficiency scores. Results show a significant increase in substantiated complaints among providers that were slow adopters of the PELI. Overall, the extent of PELI implementation was not associated with regulatory outcomes. The use of the PELI may not impact substantiated complaints suggesting further research is needed to identify person-centered outcomes of interest. Part of a symposium sponsored by the Research in Quality of Care Interest Group.

scholarly journals Changes in Family Income around the Time of Birth of Children in Germany between 1985 and 2004

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Schulze
Keyword(s):  
Family Support ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Panel Regression ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fixed Effects Panel Regression ◽  
Socioeconomic Consequences ◽  
Panel Regression Models

While the course and the determinants of fertility behaviour have been investigated intensively, the monetary consequences of birth have hardly been considered empirically to date. Therefore, this paper focuses on the short-term (equivalent) household income changes around the time of births in a longitudinal perspective and examines them for their causes. For the analyses of the longitudinal data (GSOEP-Data 1984-2005), fixed effects panel regression models were computed. The results show that the short-term socioeconomic consequences of birth have clearly increased in the last two decades and first births in particular are associated with disproportionately severe socioeconomic consequences, while further births are rarely accompanied by negative changes in the households’ socioeconomic situations. Furthermore, household income losses attributable to births only arise in double income households and increase gradually in line with a rising level of household income before birth. Hence, the analyses suggest the need for more adequate state assistance with respect to family support. Beside the provision of adequate infrastructural conditions which allow mothers to be employed, also the payments to compensate for child-related costs (“Kindergeld”) should be – in contrast to the present practice in Germany – increased and re-adjusted with respect to the child’s position in the birth sequence.

The shadow of future homeownership: the association of wanting to move into homeownership with labour supply

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 522-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp M Lersch ◽  
Wilfred Uunk
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Labour Supply ◽  
House Price ◽  
Work Hours ◽  
Panel Regression ◽  
British Household Panel Survey ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
Fixed Effects Panel Regression ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

Previous research has shown that labour supply – especially of partnered women with supplemental incomes – is positively associated with homeownership status. This literature is advanced by testing whether wanting to move into homeownership before the actual entry into homeownership affects individuals’ labour supply in couples. The empirical analysis is based on longitudinal data from the British Household Panel Survey (1991–2008). Fixed-effects panel regression models are used to predict the labour supply of women and men separately. Labour supply changes associated with homeownership are found to mainly occur when individuals want to move into homeownership and prior to the actual entry into homeownership. When wanting to move into homeownership, women and men increase their labour supply, where women are more likely to take up work and men to increase work hours. For women, the association between wanting to move into homeownership and labour supply is moderated by regional house price changes.

scholarly journals Did Inequality in Farm Sizes Lead to Suppression of Banking and Credit in the Late Nineteenth Century?

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Jaremski ◽  
Price V. Fishback
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Panel Regression ◽  
Fixed Effects Panel Regression ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship ◽  
Farm Operators ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Relationship

This article creates a new database that covers all U.S. banks in the census years between 1870 and 1900 to test the interaction between inequality and financial development when the banking system was starting over from scratch. A fixed-effects panel regression shows that the number of banks per thousand people in the South has a strong positive relationship with the size of farm operations. This suggests that large southern farm operators welcomed new banks after the Civil War. When the analysis is extended into the 1900s, the relationship becomes more negative, as bankers may have tried to block entrants.

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