Impact of European Renewable Energy Directive (RED) Policy On Indonesian Palm Oil Export Volume

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-321
Author(s):  
Wafa Naufaliyah Bilqis ◽  
Ni Putu Wiwin Setyari
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Export Volume ◽  
Oil Export

scholarly journals Dampak Kenaikan Harga Minyak Bumi terhadap Ketersediaan Minyak Goreng Sawit Domestik

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Hartoyo ◽  
Eka Intan K.P. ◽  
Novindra Novindra ◽  
Hastuty Hastuty
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Export Price ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Crude Oil Price ◽  
Fuel Prices ◽  
Export Volume ◽  
Oil Export ◽  
The Impact

This paper attempts to examine the impact of rising fossil fuel prices on the increasing impact on the demand of alternative fuels (biofuels), and its impact on food availability in Indonesia. An econometric model using simultaneous equations is employed. An increase in world crude oil price for 0,192 percent caused the price of real Indonesian palm oil export raised by 10,64 percent. Consequently, a larger biodiesel production is needed to meet their crease of world's consumer demand for biodiesel. Also, with the increase in real export price of Indonesian palm oil, it will encourage palm oil producers to push their export volume. Indonesian palm oil exporter expected to increase by 6,37 percent to finally push the domestic CPO price increase for 1,85 percent. Rising domestic oil prices are causing oil demand in the palm oil industry to decline by 0,49 percent and in the end resulting in the decline of palm oil production by 1,56 percent.

scholarly journals Assessment of Indonesia’s Future Renewable energy Plan: A Meta-Analysis of Biofuel Energy Return on Investment (EROI)

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2803
Author(s):  
Wiraditma Prananta ◽  
Ida Kubiszewski
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Land Restoration ◽  
Energy Return On Investment ◽  
Land Preparation

In early 2020, Indonesia implemented the biodiesel 30 (B30) program as an initiative to reduce Indonesia’s dependency on fossil fuels and to protect Indonesia’s palm oil market. However, palm oil has received international criticism due to its association with harmful environmental externalities. This paper analysed whether an investment in palm oil-based biofuel (POBB) provides Indonesia with the ability to achieve its environmental and financial goals. In this research, we performed a meta-analysis on biofuel energy return on investment (EROI) by examining 44 biofuel projects using ten types of biofuel feedstocks from 13 countries between 1995 and 2016. Results showed an average EROI of 3.92 and 3.22 for POBB and other biomass-based biofuels (OBBB), respectively. This shows that if only energy inputs and outputs are considered, biofuels provide a positive energy return. However, biofuels, including those from palm oil, produce externalities especially during land preparation and land restoration. We also compared these EROI biofuel results with other renewable energy sources and further analysed the implications for renewable energies to meet society’s energy demands in the future. Results showed that biofuel gives the lowest EROI compared to other renewable energy sources. Its EROI of 3.92, while positive, has been categorised as “not feasible for development”. If Indonesia plans to continue with its biofuel program, some major improvements will be necessary.

scholarly journals Optimization of the Novel Bisulfite Steeping Method by Response Surface Methodology for Natural Starch Synthesis From Oil Palm Trunk Biomass

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaber Ahmed ◽  
Mohd Suffian Yusoff ◽  
Nurul Hana Mokhtar Kamal ◽  
Hamidi Abdul Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Starch Synthesis ◽  
Type Model ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
Ultra Pure Water ◽  
Oil Export

Abstract Malaysia is the 2nd largest in palm oil export, and after overcoming economic age (average 25 years), the palm oil trees entail to replace usually. Therefore, a massive quantity of palm oil trunk biomass, containing a significant amount of starch, is available as bio-waste annually. The efficient extraction of this starch (carbohydrate polymer) would be worthwhile concerning the environment, economy, conversion of biowaste to bioresources, and waste dumping challenges. Central composite design executed an experimental model design, evaluated the impacts of process variables and their interaction through response surface methodology to optimize the novel bisulfite steeping method for starch synthesis. Design-Expert software performed the data analysis. The developed quadratic models for four factors (Strength of Sodium bisulfite solution, steeping hour, mixing ratio with the bisulfite solution and ultra-pure water) and one response (%Yield), demonstrated that a significant starch yield (13.54%) is achievable utilizing 0.74% bisulfite solution, 5.6 steeping hours, for 1.6 and 0.6 mixing ratio with the bisulfite solution and ultra-pure water respectively. Experimental outcomes were quite consistent with the predicted model, which eventually sustains the significance of this method. Malvern Zetasizer test revealed a bimodal granular distribution for starch, with 7.15µm of hydrodynamic size. Starch morphology was determined by scanning electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction investigation exhibits an A-type model, specifying persistent characteristics of extracted starch.

scholarly journals Elasticity and competitiveness of Indonesia’s palm oil export in India market

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Awan Setyadewanta ◽  
Riza Noer Arfani ◽  
Erfita Erfita
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Export

scholarly journals Analysis of Renewable Energy Directive Ii on Trading of Indonesian Palm Oil Associated with GATT

Yuridika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 509
Author(s):  
Amanda Fadhilla Chairunisa ◽  
Imam Haryanto
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
European Union ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
International Economic Relations ◽  
Gatt 1947

International economic relations sure is very important for a country and the important thing that follows is the policy that regulates international economic relations it self. In this study, the authors will analyze hows  Renewable Energy Directive II (RED II) policy as a derivative of the RED (Renewable Energy Directive) policy by the European Union will affect the Indonesian palm oil trade which this also would show the violations of previous policies that is General Agreement on Tarifs and Trades. Authors also going to show General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) as a policy that regulates how international trade relations should be carried out and the violations of this international agreement undoubtedly could affect Economic relations between the two countries, both on a micro scale and macro scale. In conducting the research authors will be using the normative juridical methods which means the legal research will be based off library materials and secondary materials therefore the main result from this study would be a reflection of how RED II can affect trade in indonesian palm oil products and also by effecting this regulation in 2021 the european union will be violating the non-discrimination principle in GATT 1947.

The Use of Palm Oil as Diesel Fuel Substitute

1996 ◽  
Vol 210 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
S M Sapuan ◽  
H H Masjuki ◽  
A Azlan
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Environmental Economic ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Oil Crisis ◽  
Oil Fuel

The high cost of energy supplies as well as the concern over the availability of oil have brought much pressure on many countries to search for renewable energy sources, especially after the oil crisis in 1973. Vegetable oil fuels such as palm oil fuel provide one of the alternative forms of energy that are currently being studied, particularly as a diesel fuel substitute. The purpose of this note is to review the potential of palm oil as an alternative fuel in automotive and industrial diesel engines with respect to its performance and tribological, environmental, economic and social implications.

scholarly journals Sustainable and renewable energy from biomass wastes in palm oil industry: A case study in Malaysia

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (37) ◽  
pp. 23871-23877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qibai Wu ◽  
Thien Ching Qiang ◽  
Guoxun Zeng ◽  
Haiyan Zhang ◽  
Ye Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Industry

scholarly journals Baptists and Bootleggers in the Biodiesel Trade: EU–Biodiesel (Indonesia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-315
Author(s):  
Carolyn Fischer ◽  
Timothy Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Export Tax ◽  
Market Opportunities ◽  
Antidumping Duties ◽  
Environmentally Sound ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Eu

AbstractEU–Biodiesel (Indonesia) is the latest in two lines of cases. On the one hand, the case offers yet another example of the Dispute Settlement Body striking down creative interpretations of antidumping rules by developed countries. Applying the Appellate Body's decision in EU–Biodiesel (Argentina), the panel found that the EU could not use antidumping duties to counteract the effects of Indonesia's export tax on palm oil. On the other hand, the decision is another chapter in the battle over renewable energy markets. Both the EU and Indonesia had intervened in their markets to promote the development of domestic biodiesel industries. The panel's decision prevents the EU from using antidumping duties to preserve market opportunities created by its Renewable Energy Directive for its domestic biodiesel producers. The EU has responded in two ways. First, through regulations that disfavor palm-based biodiesel, but not biodiesel made from from other foodstocks, such as rapeseed oil commonly produced in the EU. Second, the EU has imposed countervailing duties on Indonesian biodiesel, finding that Indonesia's export tax on crude palm oil constitutes a subsidy to Indonesian biodiesel producers. The EU's apparently inelastic demand for protection raises two questions: First, when domestic political bargains rest on both protectionist and non-protectionist motives and policies have both protectionist and non-protectonist effects, what are the welfare consequences of restraining only overt protectionism? Second, under what circumstances may regulatory approaches be even less desirable than duties for addressing combined protectionist and environmental interests, and would the WTO have the right powers to discipline them in an environmentally sound way?

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