Students and Teachers' Points of View on Code-Switching in EFL Classes: A Balance or Imbalance Paradigm?

The study attempted to describe the factors affecting the sociolinguistic andstrategic competencies in English among teachers in Higher Education Institutionsin Lipa City and determine the relationship between the demographic characteristicsand their assessments. The study was done during the school year 2010-2011. ThreeHigher Education Institutions in Lipa City were selected as the research locale. Totalenumeration was used as sampling for the study. Both quantitative and qualitativeresearch methods were employed. The respondents agreed that the factors of contextof acquisition, accommodating speech norms and code switching, degree of contactwith second language users and level of confidence affect their sociolinguisticcompetence. Likewise, they also agreed that the factors of questioning skills and useof non-verbal communication affect their strategic competencies. Variations in termsof the relationships of different demographic characteristics and their sociolinguisticand strategic competencies were also established. A general sense, the teachers’diverse characteristics generated different points of view on how the factors affecttheir competencies. This led to the conclusion that they are the ones responsible why the factors influence their competencies. They should be the ones responsible for affecting culture and not culture to affect their language competencies. It is of greatimportance that teachers should take the initiative to study and systematically use thecompetencies which they can work on. HEI administrators should offer professionaldevelopment seminars as these are necessary for the effective use of the teachers’competencies.Keywords: competency, sociolinguistic competence, strategic competency,context of acquisition, code switching, confidence questioning skills, non-verbalcommunication

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Epigrafi bilingui a Roma

Axon ◽

10.30687/axon/2532-6848/2019/02/023 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Giulia Tozzi

Keyword(s):

Code Switching ◽

Linguistic Style ◽

Points Of View ◽

The Relationship

Greek/Latin bilingual inscriptions of Rome provide us with the opportunity to study the interaction/overlapping and linguistic mixtures between Greek and Latin speakers in the multiethnic Roman population from different points of view. By studying such texts as a whole (heterogeneous for typology, production, destination, chronology) I was able to distinguish various expressions of bilingualism: translation, transliteration, code-switching, juxtaposition of the two languages, isolated Greek words in Latin contexts and vice versa. The relationship between Latin and Greek is detectable through both epigraphic and linguistic style (layout, hierarchy, lexicon, morphological and phonetic facets).

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CODE- SWITCHING AS AN EFL INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGY: AN INSIGHT TO INDONESIAN LECTURERS’ PRACTICES

LANGUAGE LITERACY Journal of Linguistics Literature and Language Teaching ◽

10.30743/ll.v5i1.3622 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 23-35

Author(s):

Rahmah Fithriani

Keyword(s):

Instructional Practices ◽

Instructional Strategy ◽

Participant Observation ◽

Code Switching ◽

First Year ◽

Efl Context ◽

English Classes ◽

Learning Efficacy ◽

Points Of View ◽

First Year University

Studies on code-switching (CS), particularly in Indonesian EFL context have a proclivity for the occurrences i.e., its types and forms being produced by the speakers, few on their motives of practising it. This study aims to fill the void by examining Indonesian EFL lecturers’ practices of CS in General English classes for first-year university students from typological and functional points of view. Involving participant observation and interview as the instruments for data collection, the results reveal that the two lecturers participated in this study employed three types of CS, namely inter-sentential switching, intra-sentential switching, and tag-switching (ordered accordingly from the mostly to the least used type). Furthermore, it is also found that the lecturers’ practises of CS served three pedagogical functions: 1) to enhance students’ comprehension; 2) to scaffold students’ learning; and 3) to encourage students’ participation. Findings suggest that strategic use of CS in instructional practices may enhance EFL teaching as well as maximize learning efficacy.

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High Resolution Specimen Area Imaged Under Negligible Field Aberrations

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100069697 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 540-541 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

T. Yanaka ◽

K. Shirota

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Field Distribution ◽

Image Space ◽

Beam Deflection ◽

Objective Lens ◽

Resolution Limit ◽

Leakage Flux ◽

Specimen Area ◽

Points Of View ◽

Aberration Theory

It is significant to note field aberrations (chromatic field aberration, coma, astigmatism and blurring due to curvature of field, defined by Glaser's aberration theory relative to the Blenden Freien System) of the objective lens in connection with the following three points of view; field aberrations increase as the resolution of the axial point improves by increasing the lens excitation (k2) and decreasing the half width value (d) of the axial lens field distribution; when one or all of the imaging lenses have axial imperfections such as beam deflection in image space by the asymmetrical magnetic leakage flux, the apparent axial point has field aberrations which prevent the theoretical resolution limit from being obtained.

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Crystal structure images of large gold clusters and growing crystals by HRTEM

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010011218x ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. 428-429

Author(s):

L.R. Wallenberg ◽

J.-O. Bovin ◽

G. Schmid

Keyword(s):

Crystal Structure ◽

Nucleation And Growth ◽

Close Packing ◽

Gold Clusters ◽

Molecular Weight Determination ◽

Growth Mechanisms ◽

Starting Point ◽

Different Types ◽

Nucleation And Growth Mechanisms ◽

Points Of View

Metallic clusters are interesting from various points of view, e.g. as a mean of spreading expensive catalysts on a support, or following heterogeneous and homogeneous catalytic events. It is also possible to study nucleation and growth mechanisms for crystals with the cluster as known starting point.Gold-clusters containing 55 atoms were manufactured by reducing (C6H5)3PAuCl with B2H6 in benzene. The chemical composition was found to be Au9.2[P(C6H5)3]2Cl. Molecular-weight determination by means of an ultracentrifuge gave the formula Au55[P(C6H5)3]Cl6 A model was proposed from Mössbauer spectra by Schmid et al. with cubic close-packing of the 55 gold atoms in a cubeoctahedron as shown in Fig 1. The cluster is almost completely isolated from the surroundings by the twelve triphenylphosphane groups situated in each corner, and the chlorine atoms on the centre of the 3x3 square surfaces. This gives four groups of gold atoms, depending on the different types of surrounding.

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Code-switching

10.1017/cbo9780511609787 ◽

2009 ◽

Cited By ~ 166

Author(s):

Penelope Gardner-Chloros

Keyword(s):

Code Switching

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MANUSCRIPT EVIDENCE FOR ALPHABET-SWITCHING IN THE WORKS OF CICERO: COMMON NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES

The Classical Quarterly ◽

10.1017/s0009838818000472 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 68 (2) ◽

pp. 498-516

Author(s):

Neil O'Sullivan

Keyword(s):

Recent Work ◽

Code Switching ◽

Consistent Pattern ◽

Current Interest ◽

Reliable Transmission ◽

Accurate Record ◽

The Way

Of the hundreds of Greek common nouns and adjectives preserved in our MSS of Cicero, about three dozen are found written in the Latin alphabet as well as in the Greek. So we find, alongside συμπάθεια, also sympathia, and ἱστορικός as well as historicus. This sort of variation has been termed alphabet-switching; it has received little attention in connection with Cicero, even though it is relevant to subjects of current interest such as his bilingualism and the role of code-switching and loanwords in his works. Rather than addressing these issues directly, this discussion sets out information about the way in which the words are written in our surviving MSS of Cicero and takes further some recent work on the presentation of Greek words in Latin texts. It argues that, for the most part, coherent patterns and explanations can be found in the alphabetic choices exhibited by them, or at least by the earliest of them when there is conflict in the paradosis, and that this coherence is evidence for a generally reliable transmission of Cicero's original choices. While a lack of coherence might indicate unreliable transmission, or even an indifference on Cicero's part, a consistent pattern can only really be explained as an accurate record of coherent alphabet choice made by Cicero when writing Greek words.

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