scholarly journals Interfaith Dialogue in Albania as a Model of Interreligious Harmony

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Genti Kruja
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Interfaith Dialogue ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Eastern Orthodoxy ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
Division Point ◽  
Communist Government ◽  
East And West ◽  
The Middle Ages

Over many centuries, Albanians have been mostly followers of Islam, Catholicism, and Eastern Orthodoxy. There are also other smaller religious communities, including Muslim Bektashi, Protestantism, and Judaism. Christianity and Islam, have coexisted in Albania for centuries. Tolerance is a characteristic of Albanian people, which is probably related to their geopolitical position. Being at the intersection of East and West, Albanians were influenced by both. The lands of Albanians were the meeting and division point of the two greatest empires of the Middle Ages, the Roman and the Byzantine Empires. Experiencing many vicissitudes, this peaceful co-existence, as a national value of a small nation, has continued for centuries and is still ongoing. However, a communist government lasting from 1944 to 1991 imposed a severe prohibition of the practice of religion. The interreligious cooperation during the reopening of the first church and mosque in 1990 was an expression of tolerance despite even though the communist regime was still in power. This paper presents some essential historical facts as well as a sociological approach of the interfaith understanding among Albanians.

scholarly journals Images of Power in the Societies of Antiquity and the Middle Ages: Symbols and Ritual Practices of the East and West

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Evgueny Alexandrovich Chiglintsev ◽  
Natalya Yurievna Bikeyeva ◽  
Maxim Vadimovich Griger ◽  
Igor Vladimirovich Vostrikov ◽  
Farit Nafisovich Ahmadiev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
The Political ◽  
East And West ◽  
Political Mythology ◽  
Evolution Of Ideas ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Industrial Societies ◽  
Ritual Practices ◽  
The Middle Ages

This collective article is dedicated to the images of power in the ancient and medieval societies, their forming, functions and the ways of representation. Authors found the universal components of the images of power in the different pre-industrial societies of the East and Vest, such as procedures of obtaining power, coronation and anointment, ruler’s regalia and the forms of organizing space of power. The authors investigate the relationship between the secular and the sacred elements in the political mythology of power. This paper deals with the evolution of images of power, rituals and symbols of authority from Ancient Eastern to Medieval societies. The purpose of the article is to present the universal components of the images of power in Ancient and Medieval times. The identification of common and specific features in the representation of power and ritual practices will allow us to see the evolution of ideas about power in pre-industrial societies.

Georgia

2021 ◽  
pp. 188-200
Author(s):  
Zaza Skhirtladze
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Visual Arts ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Surrounding World ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Common Interests ◽  
East And West ◽  
Confessional Unity ◽  
Local Traditions ◽  
The Middle Ages

Georgia’s location at the crossroads of East and West determined the character of its culture, expressed in architecture and the visual arts, among other spheres. Along with centuries-old original and uninterrupted local traditions, Georgia maintained a close relationship with the surrounding world and cultural circles throughout the Middle Ages. Particularly significant were aspirations of closeness to Byzantium and an active involvement in the Christian Orthodox commonwealth, based on common interests and confessional unity. All this is evident in the architecture and various artistic expressions of medieval Georgia, which are marked by a combination of original forms inspired by the Byzantine themes and elements.

scholarly journals Roman Malta

1915 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 23-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Ashby
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
Isle Of Wight ◽  
Maltese Islands ◽  
African Coast ◽  
East And West ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
North And South ◽  
Clear Weather ◽  
The Middle Ages

The Maltese islands, Malta, the ancient Melite, Gozo, the ancient Gaulus, and three lesser islets, lie in the centre of the Mediterranean in a significant position. They command the highway of sea-borne traffic between east and west, and they form a link between north and south, between Sicily and Tunis. They are small, indeed; their whole area is about four-fifths that of the Isle of Wight, but they are in their own fashion very fertile, their seas are rich in fish, and their coasts have many harbours. Naturally they have long been inhabited; they have a real and, for certain centuries, a stirring history. Their closest geographical kinship is with Sicily, which is less than sixty miles north of Gozo, and can easily be seen in clear weather from the higher parts of the islands. Hence, perhaps, it was that during seven centuries of the Roman period, just as during five centuries of the middle ages, they were connected especially with Sicily; but their relations with the more distant African coast and with the eastern and western waters of the Mediterranean are too strong to allow them to be called purely Sicilian or even purely European, and they have often owned other allegiance.

Rus’ – Byzantium – Europe: An Attempt at Triangulation?

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 169-176
Author(s):  
Sergey A. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Intellectual Development ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
The West ◽  
The People ◽  
The Common ◽  
East And West ◽  
The Middle Ages

The critique of Francis Thomson constitutes only part of Ostrowski’s book. The other part, completely unrelated to the first one, is dedicated to a comparison of the intellectual development of the two halves of the Christian world in the Middle Ages. Ostrowski’s assertion that the Byzantines did not include logic in their school curriculum is untrue. What seems to him to be the main difference between East and West does not take root until the end of the 12th century. The West was drifting away from the common patterns of ancient Mediterranean civilization. The East largely remained the same. The Byzantines did not feel any special inclination toward the practical application of theoretical ideas. The people of Old Rus’, on the contrary, were quick at learning and innovating. Respect for tradition inevitably played a smaller role in a nascent culture than in a culture that had been born old.

The Idea of Innocent Martyrdom in Late Tenth- and Eleventh-century English Hagiology

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 81-92
Author(s):  
Paul A. Hayward
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
The Middle Ages

Kings and princes who were classed as ‘innocent martyrs’ or ‘passion-sufferers’ because they were thought to have been murdered in Christlike circumstances were known in many parts of Europe in the Middle Ages. This paper is about six Anglo-Saxon saints of this type, who are also distinguished by their youth. All of them were thought to have been boys or teenage males when they were martyred. To date, work on these saints has concentrated on questions concerning the origins of their cults, and their relationship to the institution of kingship. The purpose of this paper, however, is to draw attention to the ways in which certain religious communities redefined their sanctity in the late tenth and eleventh century, and to make some tentative suggestions about the possible uses to which these cults were put in this milieu.

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