Optimization of Gas Diffusion Electrode for the Electrochemical CO2 reduction: effect of Nafion content and mass transport issues

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Zammillo ◽  
Hilmar Guzman ◽  
Nunzio Russo ◽  
Simelys Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transport ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Gas Diffusion Electrode ◽  
Electrochemical Co2 Reduction ◽  
Reduction Effect

scholarly journals Investigation of Gas Diffusion Electrode Systems for the Electrochemical CO2 Conversion

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 482
Author(s):  
Hilmar Guzmán ◽  
Federica Zammillo ◽  
Daniela Roldán ◽  
Camilla Galletti ◽  
Nunzio Russo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Gas Diffusion Electrode ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Co2 Conversion ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Electrochemical Co2 Reduction ◽  
Liquid Products

Electrochemical CO2 reduction is a promising carbon capture and utilisation technology. Herein, a continuous flow gas diffusion electrode (GDE)-cell configuration has been studied to convert CO2 via electrochemical reduction under atmospheric conditions. To this purpose, Cu-based electrocatalysts immobilised on a porous and conductive GDE have been tested. Many system variables have been evaluated to find the most promising conditions able to lead to increased production of CO2 reduction liquid products, specifically: applied potentials, catalyst loading, Nafion content, KHCO3 electrolyte concentration, and the presence of metal oxides, like ZnO or/and Al2O3. In particular, the CO productivity increased at the lowest Nafion content of 15%, leading to syngas with an H2/CO ratio of ~1. Meanwhile, at the highest Nafion content (45%), C2+ products formation has been increased, and the CO selectivity has been decreased by 80%. The reported results revealed that the liquid crossover through the GDE highly impacts CO2 diffusion to the catalyst active sites, thus reducing the CO2 conversion efficiency. Through mathematical modelling, it has been confirmed that the increase of the local pH, coupled to the electrode-wetting, promotes the formation of bicarbonate species that deactivate the catalysts surface, hindering the mechanisms for the C2+ liquid products generation. These results want to shine the spotlight on kinetics and transport limitations, shifting the focus from catalytic activity of materials to other involved factors.

Electrochemically deposited Sn catalysts with dense tips on a gas diffusion electrode for electrochemical CO2 reduction

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (18) ◽  
pp. 9032-9038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinkyu Lim ◽  
Phil Woong Kang ◽  
Sun Seo Jeon ◽  
Hyunjoo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Gas Diffusion Electrode ◽  
Electrochemical Co2 Reduction ◽  
Electrochemically Deposited

Productivity of formates from electrochemical CO2 reduction was enhanced by using a Sn catalyst with dense tips electrodeposited on a gas diffusion electrode.

scholarly journals Optimizing the use of a “Zero-Gap” Gas Diffusion Electrode Setup for Electrochemical Reduction of CO2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shima Alinejad ◽  
Jonathan Quinson ◽  
Yao Li ◽  
Ying Kong ◽  
Sven Reichenberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Catalyst Layer ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Gas Diffusion Electrode ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Catalyst Screening ◽  
Electrochemical Co2 Reduction ◽  
Reduction Of Co2 ◽  
Co2 Reduction Reaction

The lack of a robust and standardized experimental test bed to investigate the performance of catalyst materials for the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (ECO2RR) is one of the major challenges in this field of research. To best reproduce and mimic commercially relevant conditions for catalyst screening and testing, gas diffusion electrode (GDE) setups attract a rising attention as an alternative to conventional aqueous-based setups such as the H-cell configuration. In particular a zero-gap design shows promising features for upscaling to the commercial scale. In this study, we develop further our recently introduced zero-gap GDE setup for the CO2RR using an Au electrocatalyst as model system and identify/report the key experimental parameters to control in the catalyst layer preparation in order to optimize the activity and selectivity of the catalyst.

scholarly journals Testing a Silver Nanowire Catalyst for the Selective CO2 Reduction in a Gas Diffusion Electrode Half-cell Setup Enabling High Mass Transport Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 922-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
María de Jesús Gálvez-Vázquez ◽  
Shima Alinejad ◽  
Huifang Hu ◽  
Yuhui Hou ◽  
Pavel Moreno-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transport ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Liquid Electrolyte ◽  
Gas Diffusion Electrode ◽  
Silver Nanowire ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Half Cell

In this work, we discuss the application of a gas diffusion electrode (GDE) setup for benchmarking electrocatalysts for the reductive conversion of CO2 (CO2 RR: CO2 reduction reaction). Applying a silver nanowire (Ag-NW) based catalyst, it is demonstrated that in the GDE setup conditions can be reached, which are relevant for the industrial conversion of CO2 to CO. This reaction is part of the so-called 'Rheticus' process that uses the CO for the subsequent production of butanol and hexanol based on a fermentation approach. In contrast to conventional half-cell measurements using a liquid electrolyte, in the GDE setup CO2 RR current densities comparable to technical cells (>100 mA cm–2) are reached without suffering from mass transport limitations of the CO2 reactant gas. The results are of particular importance for designing CO2 RR catalysts exhibiting high faradaic efficiencies towards CO at technological reaction rates.

scholarly journals Fabrication of Large Area Ag Gas Diffusion Electrode via Electrodeposition for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 341
Author(s):  
Seonhwa Oh ◽  
Hyanjoo Park ◽  
Hoyoung Kim ◽  
Young Sang Park ◽  
Min Gwan Ha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Gas Diffusion Electrode ◽  
Carbon Paper ◽  
Membrane Electrode ◽  
Co2 Conversion ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Faradaic Efficiency ◽  
Electrochemical Co2 Reduction ◽  
Galvanostatic Deposition

For the improvement for the commercialization of electrochemical carbon dioxide (CO2) conversion technology, it is important to develop a large area Ag gas diffusion electrode (GDE), that exhibits a high electrochemical CO2 conversion efficiency and high cell performance in a membrane electrode assembly (MEA)-type CO2 electrolyzer. In this study, the electrodeposition of Ag on a carbon-paper gas diffusion layer was performed to fabricate a large area (25.5 and 136 cm2) Ag GDE for application to an MEA-type CO2 electrolyzer. To achieve uniformity throughout this large area, an optimization of the electrodeposition variables, such as the electrodes system, electrodes arrangement, deposition current and deposition time was performed with respect to the total electrolysis current, CO production current, Faradaic efficiency (FE), and deposition morphology. The optimal conditions, that is, galvanostatic deposition at 0.83 mA/cm2 for 50 min in a horizontal, two-electrode system with a working-counter electrode distance of 4 cm, did ensure a uniform performance throughout the electrode. The position-averaged CO current densities of 2.72 and 2.76 mA/cm2 and FEs of 83.78% (with a variation of 3.25%) and 82.78% (with a variation of 8.68%) were obtained for 25.5 and 136 cm2 Ag GDEs, respectively. The fabricated 136 cm2 Ag GDE was further used in MEA-type CO2 electrolyzers having an active geometric area of 107.44 cm2, giving potential-dependent CO conversion efficiencies of 41.99%–57.75% at Vcell = 2.2–2.6 V.

Direct formation of dendritic Ag catalyst on a gas diffusion layer for electrochemical CO2 reduction to CO and H2

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (24) ◽  
pp. 11315-11325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Seok Ham ◽  
Myung Jun Kim ◽  
Taeho Lim ◽  
Dong-Kwon Kim ◽  
Soo-Kil Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Layer ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Gas Diffusion Layer ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Electrochemical Co2 Reduction ◽  
Direct Formation ◽  
Ag Catalyst
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