scholarly journals Investigation of Gas Diffusion Electrode Systems for the Electrochemical CO2 Conversion

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 482
Author(s):  
Hilmar Guzmán ◽  
Federica Zammillo ◽  
Daniela Roldán ◽  
Camilla Galletti ◽  
Nunzio Russo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Gas Diffusion Electrode ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Co2 Conversion ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Electrochemical Co2 Reduction ◽  
Liquid Products

Electrochemical CO2 reduction is a promising carbon capture and utilisation technology. Herein, a continuous flow gas diffusion electrode (GDE)-cell configuration has been studied to convert CO2 via electrochemical reduction under atmospheric conditions. To this purpose, Cu-based electrocatalysts immobilised on a porous and conductive GDE have been tested. Many system variables have been evaluated to find the most promising conditions able to lead to increased production of CO2 reduction liquid products, specifically: applied potentials, catalyst loading, Nafion content, KHCO3 electrolyte concentration, and the presence of metal oxides, like ZnO or/and Al2O3. In particular, the CO productivity increased at the lowest Nafion content of 15%, leading to syngas with an H2/CO ratio of ~1. Meanwhile, at the highest Nafion content (45%), C2+ products formation has been increased, and the CO selectivity has been decreased by 80%. The reported results revealed that the liquid crossover through the GDE highly impacts CO2 diffusion to the catalyst active sites, thus reducing the CO2 conversion efficiency. Through mathematical modelling, it has been confirmed that the increase of the local pH, coupled to the electrode-wetting, promotes the formation of bicarbonate species that deactivate the catalysts surface, hindering the mechanisms for the C2+ liquid products generation. These results want to shine the spotlight on kinetics and transport limitations, shifting the focus from catalytic activity of materials to other involved factors.

scholarly journals Fabrication of Large Area Ag Gas Diffusion Electrode via Electrodeposition for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 341
Author(s):  
Seonhwa Oh ◽  
Hyanjoo Park ◽  
Hoyoung Kim ◽  
Young Sang Park ◽  
Min Gwan Ha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Gas Diffusion Electrode ◽  
Carbon Paper ◽  
Membrane Electrode ◽  
Co2 Conversion ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Faradaic Efficiency ◽  
Electrochemical Co2 Reduction ◽  
Galvanostatic Deposition

For the improvement for the commercialization of electrochemical carbon dioxide (CO2) conversion technology, it is important to develop a large area Ag gas diffusion electrode (GDE), that exhibits a high electrochemical CO2 conversion efficiency and high cell performance in a membrane electrode assembly (MEA)-type CO2 electrolyzer. In this study, the electrodeposition of Ag on a carbon-paper gas diffusion layer was performed to fabricate a large area (25.5 and 136 cm2) Ag GDE for application to an MEA-type CO2 electrolyzer. To achieve uniformity throughout this large area, an optimization of the electrodeposition variables, such as the electrodes system, electrodes arrangement, deposition current and deposition time was performed with respect to the total electrolysis current, CO production current, Faradaic efficiency (FE), and deposition morphology. The optimal conditions, that is, galvanostatic deposition at 0.83 mA/cm2 for 50 min in a horizontal, two-electrode system with a working-counter electrode distance of 4 cm, did ensure a uniform performance throughout the electrode. The position-averaged CO current densities of 2.72 and 2.76 mA/cm2 and FEs of 83.78% (with a variation of 3.25%) and 82.78% (with a variation of 8.68%) were obtained for 25.5 and 136 cm2 Ag GDEs, respectively. The fabricated 136 cm2 Ag GDE was further used in MEA-type CO2 electrolyzers having an active geometric area of 107.44 cm2, giving potential-dependent CO conversion efficiencies of 41.99%–57.75% at Vcell = 2.2–2.6 V.

Electrochemically deposited Sn catalysts with dense tips on a gas diffusion electrode for electrochemical CO2 reduction

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (18) ◽  
pp. 9032-9038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinkyu Lim ◽  
Phil Woong Kang ◽  
Sun Seo Jeon ◽  
Hyunjoo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Gas Diffusion Electrode ◽  
Electrochemical Co2 Reduction ◽  
Electrochemically Deposited

Productivity of formates from electrochemical CO2 reduction was enhanced by using a Sn catalyst with dense tips electrodeposited on a gas diffusion electrode.

scholarly journals Optimizing the use of a “Zero-Gap” Gas Diffusion Electrode Setup for Electrochemical Reduction of CO2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shima Alinejad ◽  
Jonathan Quinson ◽  
Yao Li ◽  
Ying Kong ◽  
Sven Reichenberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Catalyst Layer ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Gas Diffusion Electrode ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Catalyst Screening ◽  
Electrochemical Co2 Reduction ◽  
Reduction Of Co2 ◽  
Co2 Reduction Reaction

The lack of a robust and standardized experimental test bed to investigate the performance of catalyst materials for the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (ECO2RR) is one of the major challenges in this field of research. To best reproduce and mimic commercially relevant conditions for catalyst screening and testing, gas diffusion electrode (GDE) setups attract a rising attention as an alternative to conventional aqueous-based setups such as the H-cell configuration. In particular a zero-gap design shows promising features for upscaling to the commercial scale. In this study, we develop further our recently introduced zero-gap GDE setup for the CO2RR using an Au electrocatalyst as model system and identify/report the key experimental parameters to control in the catalyst layer preparation in order to optimize the activity and selectivity of the catalyst.

scholarly journals Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 on Au Electrocatalysts in a Zero-Gap, Half-Cell Gas Diffusion Electrode Setup: a Systematic Performance Evaluation and Comparison to a H-cell Setup

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shima Alinejad ◽  
Jonathan Quinson ◽  
Gustav K.H. Wiberg ◽  
Nicolas Schlegel ◽  
Damin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Gas Diffusion Electrode ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
High Dispersion ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Au Nps

Based on H-cell measurements, gold (Au) is one of the most selective catalysts for the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) to CO. To ensure a high dispersion, typically Au small nanoparticles (NPs) are used as catalyst. However, the preparation of small Au NPs based on conventional synthesis methods often requires the use of surfactants such as polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Here, we present a systematic evaluation of the performance of laser-generated, surfactant-free Au NPs for the CO2RR in a gas diffusion electrode (GDE) setup and compare the results to investigations in an H-cell configuration. The GDE setup supplies a continuous CO2 stream at the electrode−electrolyte interface to circumvent CO2 mass transport limitations encountered in conventional H-cells. We investigate the influence of the catalyst loading and the effect of PVP. Comparing the two screening methods, i.e. GDE and H-cell measurements, it is shown that the performance of the same catalyst can be substantially different in the two environments. In the GDE setup without liquid electrolyte-catalyst interface a higher reaction rate, but lower faradaic efficiendy is determined. Independent of the setup, the presence of PVP favours the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), however, in the GDE setup PVP is more detrimental for the performance than in the H-cell.

Synthesis of a Nickel Single-Atom Catalyst Based on Ni–N4–xCx Active Sites for Highly Efficient CO2 Reduction Utilizing a Gas Diffusion Electrode

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 8739-8745
Author(s):  
Syed Asad Abbas ◽  
Jun Tae Song ◽  
Ying Chuan Tan ◽  
Ki Min Nam ◽  
Jihun Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Sites ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Gas Diffusion Electrode ◽  
Single Atom ◽  
Highly Efficient

scholarly journals Probing the local activity of CO2 reduction on gold gas diffusion electrodes: effect of the catalyst loading and CO2 pressure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana C. O. Monteiro ◽  
Stefan Dieckhöfer ◽  
Tim Bobrowski ◽  
Thomas Quast ◽  
Davide Pavesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Gas Diffusion Electrodes ◽  
Local Activity ◽  
Essential Step ◽  
Carbon Capture And Utilization

Large scale CO2 electrolysis can be achieved using gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs), and is an essential step towards broader implementation of carbon capture and utilization strategies. Different variables are known...

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