scholarly journals Pengaruh kelelahan terhadap perubahan kinematika gerak pada saat overhead jumping smash dalam permainan bulutangkis

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-287
Author(s):  
Agus Rusdiana
Keyword(s):  
Angular Velocity ◽  
Internal Rotation ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Test Design ◽  
Elbow Extension ◽  
Gas Analyzer ◽  
Software Analysis ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Shoulder External Rotation ◽  
Palmar Flexion

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kelelahan kardiovaskular terhadap perubahan kinematika gerak pada tubuh bagian atas saat pukulan overhead jumping smash dalam permainan bulutangkis. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan pre test and post test design. Sampel yang digunakan adalah pemain bulutangkis putra yang mempunyai keterampilan teknik overhead jumping smash dengan rata-rata usianya 19.4 ± 1.6 tahun, tinggi badan 1.73 ± 0.12m dan berat badan 60.8 ± 3.7kg dengan jumlah keseluruhan 12 orang. Penelitian ini menggunakan satu buah 3D force platform device, 3 buah Panasonic handycam, Frame DIAZ IV 3D motion software analysis, cosmed direct gas analyzer dan radar speed gun. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa pada fase maximum angular velocity terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada empat variabel saat kondisi fatigue dan non fatigue antara lain shoulder internal rotation (P=0.042), elbow extension (P=0.035), forearm supination (P=0.024) dan wrist dorsi flexion (P=0.040). Selanjutnya pada fase instant of maximal shoulder external rotation terdapat tiga variabel perbedaan yang signifikan antara lain shuttlecock velocity (P=0.035), shoulder external rotation (P=0.048), dan wrist palmar flexion (P=0.037). Kesimpulan bahwa internal shoulder rotation, wrist palmar flexion dan forearm supination memberikan kontribusi yang sangat signfikan terhadap kecepatan shuttlecock pada saat melakukan overhead jumping smash dalam permainan bulutangkis.

Single Versus Double Tendon Transfer to Improve Shoulder External Rotation During the Treatment of Brachial Plexus Birth Palsy

Hand ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 155894472091121
Author(s):  
Joshua M. Abzug ◽  
Elie Miller ◽  
Alexandria L. Case ◽  
Danielle A. Hogarth ◽  
Dan A. Zlotolow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Tendon Transfer ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Tendon Transfers ◽  
Brachial Plexus Birth Palsy ◽  
Shoulder External Rotation ◽  
Birth Palsy ◽  
Single Versus

Background: Tendon transfers are commonly performed in patients with brachial plexus birth palsy (BPBP) to improve function. Transferring 2 tendons in patients with C5-7 injury has the potential complication of loss of midline function. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a single tendon transfer (1TT) as opposed to the traditional double tendon transfer (2TT) resulted in any differences in functional outcomes in patients with C5-7 BPBP. Methods: A retrospective review of all patients with C5-7 BPBP who underwent tendon transfers to improve shoulder external rotation over a 5-year period was performed at 2 institutions. Outcomes were assessed using the modified Mallet (MM) classification scores. Results: Twenty-two C5-7 patients had complete records of preoperative and postoperative MM scores, including 11 sex-matched patients in both the 1TT and 2TT groups. When comparing preoperative and postoperative MM categories, there were significant improvements in both the 1TT and 2TT groups for global abduction ( P < .05 and P < .01, respectively) and external rotation ( P < .00001 for both). Modified Mallet (MM) hand to neck scores were significantly improved in the 2TT group ( P < .05) but not in the 1TT group ( P = .053). Internal rotation scores significantly decreased in both groups ( P < .001). Both groups demonstrated significant increases in total scores from the preoperative MM scores ( P < .01). Conclusion: The 1TT and 2TT procedures result in substantial gains in upper extremity functions for patients with C5-7 BPBP as measured by the MM score, specifically within the global abduction and external rotation subcategories. However, a significant loss occurs in internal rotation for both groups.

scholarly journals Decreased Shoulder External Rotation and Flexion are Greater Predictors of Injury than Internal Rotation Deficits: Analysis of 132 Pitcher-Seasons in Professional Baseball

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (7_suppl6) ◽  
pp. 2325967117S0022
Author(s):  
Christopher L. Camp ◽  
Alec Sinatro ◽  
Andrea Spiker ◽  
Brian C. Werner ◽  
David W. Altchek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Rotation ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Professional Baseball ◽  
Shoulder External Rotation

Increased Shoulder Distraction Force and Shoulder Horizontal Abduction in Professional Baseball Pitchers With Discordant Torso Rotation Order

2021 ◽  
pp. 036354652110413
Author(s):  
Joseph E. Manzi ◽  
Brittany Dowling ◽  
Joshua S. Dines ◽  
Alexander Richardson ◽  
Kathryn L. McElheny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Internal Rotation ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Rotation Velocity ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Professional Baseball ◽  
Pelvic Rotation ◽  
Shoulder External Rotation ◽  
Baseball Pitchers ◽  
Distraction Force

Background: Inefficient energy transfer from the pelvis and trunk has been shown to increase compensation at the level of the shoulder. Kinetic chain sequencing of the core segments is underexamined in professional baseball pitchers, especially as it relates to changes in upper extremity kinetics. Purpose: To evaluate elbow and shoulder kinetics in a cohort of professional pitchers differentiated by instances of discordant pelvic to upper torso sequencing during the pitch. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: 285 professional baseball pitchers were evaluated using 3D motion capture (480 Hz). Pitchers were divided into “chronological” and “discordant” groups based on whether maximum pelvic rotation velocity occurred before (chronological) or after (discordant) maximum upper torso rotation velocity during the pitch motion. Pelvic, upper torso, and shoulder kinematic parameters, shoulder distraction force, shoulder internal rotation torque, and pitch efficiency (PE) were compared between groups. Results: Pitchers with discordant torso sequencing (n = 30; 110 pitches) had greater shoulder horizontal adduction at maximum external rotation (mean difference, 3.6°; 95% CI, −5.2° to −2.0°; t = −4.5; P < .001) and greater maximum shoulder external rotation (mean difference, 3.7°; 95% CI, 5.7° to 1.5°; t = −3.5; P < .001) than chronological pitchers (n = 255; 2974 pitches). PE did not differ between groups ( P = .856), whereas ball velocity was significantly faster in the discordant group (mean difference, 0.6 m/s; 95% CI, −1.1 to −0.3 m/s; t = −3.3; P = .0012). Chronological pitchers had significantly reduced shoulder distraction force (mean difference, −4.7% body weight (BW); 95% CI, −7.9% to −1.5% BW; t = −2.9; P = .004) with no difference in shoulder internal rotation torque ( P = .160). These kinematic and kinetic differences were not observed when accounting for interpitcher variability. Conclusion: Between pitchers, those who had a discordant pelvic to upper torso sequence experienced significantly greater shoulder distraction forces, potentially compensating by increasing maximum shoulder external rotation and horizontal abduction. Achieving maximal pelvic rotation velocity before maximal rotation velocity may be advantageous in preventing compensation at the upper extremity and excessive throwing arm loading. Clinical Relevance: Identifying risk factors for increased upper extremity forces has potential implications in injury prevention. Specifically, mitigating shoulder distraction forces may be beneficial in reducing risk of injury.

Impact of a competition with two consecutive matches in a day on physical performance in young tennis players

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 750-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar Gallo-Salazar ◽  
Juan Del Coso ◽  
David Barbado ◽  
Alejandro Lopez-Valenciano ◽  
Francisco Javier Santos-Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Isometric Strength ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Shoulder Range Of Motion ◽  
Shoulder External Rotation

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of playing 2 tennis matches on the same day on physical performance in young tennis players. Twelve well-trained young tennis players took part in a simulated tennis competition consisting of 2 tennis matches on the same day (morning and afternoon sessions). Before and the day after the competition, physical performance was measured using a battery of countermovement jumps; a 10 m sprint; the 5–0–5 agility test; hip, grip and shoulder maximal isometric strength; shoulder range of motion; and a serve velocity test. Postcompetition results showed reduced performance in 10 m (–3.3%, effect size (ES) = small), dominant and nondominant 5–0–5 agility test (–4.6%, ES = moderate; –4.2%, ES = moderate, respectively), bilateral (–5.2%, ES = small), and unilateral countermovement jumps (dominant leg: –7.2%, ES = small; non-dominant leg: –9.1%, ES = small). Both dominant and nondominant shoulder external rotation range of motion increased (12.2%, ES = moderate; 5.6%, ES = small), whereas internal rotation decreased (–4.2%, ES = small; –3.3%, ES = small) in the postcompetition tests, together with the dominant shoulder external rotation (–10.7%, ES = moderate) and internal rotation (–9.3%, ES = small) strength. Physical impairments occurred in neuromuscular performance variables involving lower (e.g., jumping, sprinting, and change of direction) and upper (e.g., isometric strength and range of motion) limbs the day after playing a competition with 2 consecutive matches on the same day. These alterations in neuromuscular and sport-specific performance need to be taken into consideration when planning tournament schedules for young tennis players, as well as preparing match and recovery strategies.

scholarly journals Associations Among Hip and Shoulder Range of Motion and Shoulder Injury in Professional Baseball Players

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Scher ◽  
Kyle Anderson ◽  
Nick Weber ◽  
Jeff Bajorek ◽  
Kevin Rand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Rotation ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Professional Baseball ◽  
Shoulder Injury ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit ◽  
History Of ◽  
Shoulder External Rotation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hip Extension

Abstract Context: The overhead throwing motion is complex, and restrictions in range of motion (ROM) at the hip may place additional demands on the shoulder that lead to injury. However, the relationship between hip and shoulder ROM in athletes with and without a history of shoulder injury is unknown. Objective: To (1) determine if differences exist in hip and shoulder ROM between professional baseball players with a history of shoulder injury and those with no history of shoulder injury and (2) assess relationships between hip and shoulder ROM in these players. Design: Cross-sectional study. Patients or Other Participants: Fifty-seven professional baseball players. Main Outcome Measure(s): Outcome measures consisted of hip extension and internal rotation, shoulder internal and external rotation, glenohumeral internal-rotation deficit, and history of shoulder injury. Differences in shoulder and hip ROM were assessed with a 1-way analysis of variance. Associations between hip and shoulder ROM were assessed with linear regression. Results: Nonpitchers with a history of shoulder injury had more external rotation and less internal rotation of the shoulder than nonpitchers with no history of shoulder injury. Glenohumeral internal-rotation deficit was greater in both pitchers and nonpitchers with a history of shoulder injury. The relationship between dominant hip extension and shoulder external rotation was significant for pitchers with a history of shoulder injury and nonpitchers with a history of shoulder injury. Conclusions: Shoulder injury may be associated with specific measures of hip and shoulder ROM, and hip extension and shoulder external rotation may be related in baseball players with a history of shoulder injury. Additional research is necessary to understand the specific mechanisms of shoulder injury in the throwing athlete.

Shoulder External- and Internal-Rotation Isokinetic Strength in Master’s Swimmers

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deb West ◽  
Gisela Sole ◽  
S. John Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Internal Rotation ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Shoulder External Rotation ◽  
Torque Values ◽  
Shoulder Muscle Strength

Objectives:To establish muscle-strength and -balance profiles for shoulder external rotation (ER) and internal rotation (IR) in master’s swimmers.Design:Cross-sectional study.Setting:Laboratory.Participants:Six male and seven female master’s swimmers and a matched control group.Measurements:Concentric and eccentric ER and IR shoulder movements were recorded (Kin-Com™ isokinetic dynamometer). Peak-torque values, concentric ER:IR ratios, eccentric ER:IR (conventional) ratios, and eccentric ER:concentric IR (functional) ratios were examined between groups.Results:Mean peak-torque values ranged from 21.23 to 37.69 N · m for the swimmers, which, although 15% to 27% greater than those of the controls, were not statistically different. Conventional (0.78:0.86) and functional (1.06:1.17) ratios did not differ between groups.Conclusions:These data will contribute to the development of guidelines for assessing shoulder-muscle strength in Master’s swimmers.

scholarly journals Comparison of Biomechanical Factors Before and After UCL Surgery in Baseball Athletes: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 232596712098873
Author(s):  
Tyler J. Hamer ◽  
Sunghoon Chung ◽  
Adam B. Rosen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Study Design ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Elbow Extension ◽  
Shoulder Range Of Motion ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Baseball Pitchers

Background: Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstruction (UCLR) and repair (UCLr) are the gold standards in the treatment of UCL injuries. Although return-to-play timelines after UCLR have been established, pitching biomechanical variables are speculated to change after surgical intervention. Purpose/Hypothesis: To synthesize the literature and investigate changes in pitching biomechanics in baseball pitchers after UCLR or UCLr. We hypothesized that differences in pitching biomechanics would be observed for both intra- and interpatient comparisons. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: We searched 4 electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Sports Medicine & Education Index) from inception to February 2020. Data extracted included author and year of publication, study design, sample size, study population, and primary outcome variables. Meta-analysis was performed to produce random pooled effect sizes (▵). Results: We identified 1010 original articles for inclusion. A total of 5 studies were included in the systematic review; of these, 3 studies were included in the meta-analysis. No differences were found in shoulder range of motion (ROM) between post-UCLR and control pitchers (dominant arm external rotation ▵, 0.13°; 95% CI, –0.15° to 4.02°; P = .36); dominant arm internal rotation ▵, –0.20°; 95% CI, –0.74° to 0.35°; P = .48). Mean fastball velocity as well as pitches thrown decreased after UCLR in professional pitchers. Significant differences in elbow extension, elbow extension velocity, and shoulder internal rotation velocity were found among amateur pitchers. Conclusion: The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis show that limited differences exist in pitchers before and after UCLR as well as in post-UCLR pitchers and healthy, age-matched controls. UCLR may influence throwing velocity, but it had no effect on either the throwing biomechanics or theROM of baseball pitchers. Although trends appear to be forming, further evidence is needed to understand the effect of UCLR on throwing biomechanics.

scholarly journals Inter-rater Reliability of Sustained Aberrant Movement Patterns as a Clinical Assessment of Muscular Fatigue

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-134
Author(s):  
Frank Aerts ◽  
Kathy Carrier ◽  
Becky Alwood
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fatigue ◽  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Physical Therapists ◽  
Physical Therapist ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Movement Patterns ◽  
Left Shoulder ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Quality Of Movement ◽  
Shoulder External Rotation

Background: The assessment of clinical manifestation of muscle fatigue is an effective procedure in establishing therapeutic exercise dose. Few studies have evaluated physical therapist reliability in establishing muscle fatigue through detection of changes in quality of movement patterns in a live setting. Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the inter-rater reliability of physical therapists’ ability to detect altered movement patterns due to muscle fatigue. Design: A reliability study in a live setting with multiple raters. Participants: Forty-four healthy individuals (ages 19-35) were evaluated by six physical therapists in a live setting. Methods: Participants were evaluated by physical therapists for altered movement patterns during resisted shoulder rotation. Each participant completed a total of four tests: right shoulder internal rotation, right shoulder external rotation, left shoulder internal rotation and left shoulder external rotation. Results: For all tests combined, the inter-rater reliability for a single rater scoring ICC (2,1) was .65 (95%, .60, .71) This corresponds to moderate inter-rater reliability between physical therapists. Limitations: The results of this study apply only to healthy participants and therefore cannot be generalized to a symptomatic population. Conclusion: Moderate inter-rater reliability was found between physical therapists in establishing muscle fatigue through the observation of sustained altered movement patterns during dynamic resistive shoulder internal and external rotation.

Electromyographic Analysis and Phase Definition of the Overhead Football Throw

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 837-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan T. Kelly ◽  
Sherry I. Backus ◽  
Russell F. Warren ◽  
Riley J. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Motion Analysis ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Shoulder Abduction ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Muscle Activation Patterns ◽  
Ball Release ◽  
Shoulder External Rotation ◽  
Electromyographic Analysis

Background The phases of the football throw need definition so that muscle activation patterns during the overhead football throw can be fully described. Hypothesis Electromyographic analysis of shoulder musculature can better define muscle activation patterns during the football throw. Study Design Descriptive anatomic study. Methods Videos of 20 elite-level quarterbacks were reviewed to define phases of the overhead football throw; 14 recreational male athletes underwent electromyography and motion analysis testing. Results Four sequential phases of the football throw were consistently observed. Early cocking (49% ± 11% of throw) was initiated at rear foot plant and continued to maximal shoulder abduction and internal rotation. Late cocking (20% ± 6%) started at maximal shoulder abduction and internal rotation and ended with maximal shoulder external rotation. The acceleration phase (15% ± 4%) began with maximal shoulder external rotation and ended with ball release. Follow-through (16% ± 5%) was defined as the phase from ball release to maximal horizontal adduction (across the body). Conclusion The four phases demonstrated little variation in motion analysis and electromyographic activation between subjects and were associated with muscle activation patterns consistent with upper extremity movements. Clinical Relevance A clearer understanding of muscle activation patterns may help to explain patterns of muscle injury and improve rehabilitation protocols in football-throwing athletes.

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