The probabilistic treatment of phase separations in lattice models composed of more than two types of particles

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are critical players in the dynamic control of diverse cellular processes, and provide potential new drug targets because their dysregulation is closely related to many diseases. This review focuses on several medicinal studies that have identified low-molecular-weight inhibitors of IDPs. In addition, clinically relevant liquid–liquid phase separations—which critically involve both intermolecular interactions between IDPs and their posttranslational modification—are analyzed to understand the potential of IDPs as new drug targets.

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Parafermionization, bosonization, and critical parafermionic theories

Journal of High Energy Physics ◽

10.1007/jhep04(2021)285 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Yuan Yao ◽

Akira Furusaki

Keyword(s):

Field Theory ◽

Conformal Field Theory ◽

Degrees Of Freedom ◽

Lattice Models ◽

Partition Functions ◽

Minimal Models ◽

Fermionic Model ◽

Conformal Field ◽

Critical Theories ◽

Wigner Transformation

AbstractWe formulate a ℤk-parafermionization/bosonization scheme for one-dimensional lattice models and field theories on a torus, starting from a generalized Jordan-Wigner transformation on a lattice, which extends the Majorana-Ising duality atk= 2. The ℤk-parafermionization enables us to investigate the critical theories of parafermionic chains whose fundamental degrees of freedom are parafermionic, and we find that their criticality cannot be described by any existing conformal field theory. The modular transformations of these parafermionic low-energy critical theories as general consistency conditions are found to be unconventional in that their partition functions on a torus transform differently from any conformal field theory whenk >2. Explicit forms of partition functions are obtained by the developed parafermionization for a large class of critical ℤk-parafermionic chains, whose operator contents are intrinsically distinct from any bosonic or fermionic model in terms of conformal spins and statistics. We also use the parafermionization to exhaust all the ℤk-parafermionic minimal models, complementing earlier works on fermionic cases.

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Calculating the polarization in bipartite lattice models: Application to an extended Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model

Physical Review B ◽

10.1103/physrevb.103.075117 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 103 (7) ◽

Author(s):

Balázs Hetényi ◽

Yetkin Pulcu ◽

Serkan Doğan

Keyword(s):

Lattice Models

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DEAD-box helicases modulate dicing body formation in Arabidopsis

Science Advances ◽

10.1126/sciadv.abc6266 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (18) ◽

pp. eabc6266

Author(s):

Qi Li ◽

Ningkun Liu ◽

Qing Liu ◽

Xingguo Zheng ◽

Lu Lu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Turnip Mosaic Virus ◽

Liquid Droplets ◽

Phase Separations ◽

Body Formation ◽

Cellular Processes ◽

Dead Box ◽

Body Components ◽

Liquid Phase Separations ◽

Spatiotemporal Control

Eukaryotic cells contain numerous membraneless organelles that are made from liquid droplets of proteins and nucleic acids and that provide spatiotemporal control of various cellular processes. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the formation and rapid stress-induced alterations of these organelles are relatively uncharacterized. Here, we investigated the roles of DEAD-box helicases in the formation and alteration of membraneless nuclear dicing bodies (D-bodies) in Arabidopsis thaliana. We uncovered that RNA helicase 6 (RH6), RH8, and RH12 are previously unidentified D-body components. These helicases interact with and promote the phase separation of SERRATE, a key component of D-bodies, and drive the formation of D-bodies through liquid-liquid phase separations (LLPSs). The accumulation of these helicases in the nuclei decreases upon Turnip mosaic virus infections, which couples with the decrease of D-bodies. Our results thus reveal the key roles of RH6, RH8, and RH12 in modulating D-body formation via LLPSs.

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