scholarly journals Gender Inequality and Labor Market in Indonesia (Between 2014–2018)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isna Farida ◽  
Aman ◽  
Amika Wardana
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Gender Inequality

New forms of employment in the context of digitalization of the labor market

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
Elina O. Illarionova
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
Psychological Insecurity ◽  
Gender Aspect

Nowadays as part of the process of digitalization of the labor market there are structural changes: new forms and types of employment appear. A global trend in recent years is the increase in the number of employees working remotely, which has significant value in difficult epidemiological situation in the world. Today, women are far more at risk of being deprived of the benefits of digital innovations, job losses due to robotics and automatization, have to put much more effort to achieve wage levels of male workers. The article examines the typology of new non-standard forms of employment, their distinctive features. The author highlights the main advantages and risks associated with the wide spreading of new forms of employment in the context of the digitalization of the labor market. The study touches upon the gender aspect, special attention is paid to the analysis of innovative forms of employment and the involvement of women in innovative teams, ICT and STEM-specialties. The factors influencing the formation of innovative behavior in national innovation systems are described. The ways of coordination of state, business and research structures within the framework of "collective action" aimed at stimulating scientific and technological progress in the development of the knowledge economy, the digital economy are outlined. The author also highlighted a number of fundamental reasons for the socio-psychological insecurity of male and female workers associated with the use of non-standard employment, noted in general terms ways of solving problems in the field of precarious employment and leveling gender inequality in the context of the development of the digital economy.

Recent Trends in U.S. Earnings Inequality by Gender

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce P. Jacobsen
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Earnings Inequality ◽  
Theil Index ◽  
Inequality Measures ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Women's Earnings

This paper presents an overview of recent trends in U.S. earnings inequality with a focus on gender differences. Data from the 1980, 1990, and 2000 Censuses are used. Earnings and per capita household income inequality measures have risen from 1980 to 2000, both overall and among women and men separately. Theil index decompositions illustrate that within-gender inequality is rising. Simulations that treat women “more like men” in the labor market raise women’s earnings relative to men but also have the effect of increasing within-gender inequality for women.

Cognitive Skill and Economic Inequality: Findings from the National Adult Literacy Survey

1998 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Raudenbush ◽  
Rafa Kasim
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Adult Literacy ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Hispanic Americans ◽  
Literacy Survey ◽  
And Gender ◽  
National Adult Literacy Survey

Few would deny that the civil rights and women's movements have substantially changed U.S. society. Yet ethnic and gender inequality in employment and earnings remain large. Even when comparisons are confined to persons of similar educational attainment, African Americans and Hispanic Americans earn less than European Americans, women earn less than men, and African Americans suffer a substantially elevated risk of unemployment. One prominent explanation for ethnic differences in earnings and employment is that, holding constant access to schooling, differences in economic outcomes reflect differences in cognitive skills that have become decisive in the modern labor market. A prominent explanation for the gender gap emphasizes gender differences in occupational preference, with women choosing occupations that are lower paying. Based on an intensive analysis of data from the U.S. National Adult Literacy Survey, the authors find that these two explanations are only partly successful in illuminating ethnic and gender inequality in employment and earnings. Alternative explanations emphasizing labor market discrimination and residential segregation cannot be ignored. In this article, Stephen Raudenbush and Rafa Kasim consider the implications of this new evidence for current debates about affirmative action and educational reform.

Gender Inequality in the Labor Market

1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel A. Rosenfeld ◽  
Arne L. Kalleberg
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Gender Inequality

Rethinking Double Jeopardy: Differences in the Gender Disadvantage between Organizational Insiders and Outsiders in Korea

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1082-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Mi Kim
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Gender Wage Gap ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Structural Condition ◽  
Secondary Market ◽  
Demographic Differences ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
Segmented Labor Market

This study examines the distinctive patterns of gender inequality in the primary and secondary labor markets in Korea. Previous studies that analyzed multiple disadvantages in the labor market tended to focus on comparing the gender wage gap between groups. By failing to distinguish the gender gap from discrimination, these studies often underestimate the severe within-job discrimination that women in minority positions experience. Using the wage gap decomposition method, this study analyzes the gender wage gap according to separate labor market positions. The results indicate that the size of the gender wage gap is greater in the primary labor market than in the secondary market, but that a sizable amount of the gap in the primary market can be explained by demographic differences between male and female workers. In the secondary labor market, the gender wage gap is relatively small, but mostly caused by within-job wage discrimination against women. The divergent pattern of gender inequality—large gap-small discrimination among organizational insiders and small gap-large discrimination between organizational outsiders—shows how the segmented labor market provides a structural condition to create the complexity of gender inequality, in which women experience different forms of disadvantage depending on their positions in the labor market.

scholarly journals Applying the Data Modeling Tools for the Gender Inequality Analysis in the IT-industry in Ukraine and Worldwide

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (512) ◽  
pp. 165-171
Author(s):  
O. I. Shchepilova ◽  
◽  
M. V. Korol ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Gender Segregation ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Modeling Tools ◽  
The World

Nowadays, the information-technology industry is one of the most masculine and asymmetrical in the world labor market. The fact of having male workers in more prestigious and highly paid positions is proved, while female workers are more represented in low-profitable sectors of the economy (healthcare, education, social services, etc.). The article is aimed at researching the status of gender inequality in the IT sphere in the labor market of both Ukraine and the world by means of modeling tools. The publication analyzes the current status of gender segregation of labor in the sphere of information technology worldwide and in Ukraine. The relevance of the research on the process of functioning of companies engaged in foreign economic activity is substantiated. Using statistics of the most technological companies in the world (Amazon, Microsoft, etc.) it is proved that the average share of women in the companies comprises 30-40% of all employees. Gender inequality, as it has been proven, harms the business of companies around the world. Replacing female employees who resigned from a job because of the inability to build a career increases business costs and slows down the activities of individual projects and/or companies in general. At present, most large international companies deliberately perceive the need to achieve gender equilibrium among their employees. Despite numerous measures that have a positive impact on the involvement of women in the IT market, there are factors in the global labor market that increase gender discrimination, as emphasized in the article. Economic-mathematical models of the process are built up using multiple regression with panel data. With the help of the appropriate criteria, the quality of the built up models has been proven. Economic interpretation of the results is provided. Prospects for further research in this direction are described.

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