New forms of employment in the context of digitalization of the labor market

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
Elina O. Illarionova
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
Psychological Insecurity ◽  
Gender Aspect

Nowadays as part of the process of digitalization of the labor market there are structural changes: new forms and types of employment appear. A global trend in recent years is the increase in the number of employees working remotely, which has significant value in difficult epidemiological situation in the world. Today, women are far more at risk of being deprived of the benefits of digital innovations, job losses due to robotics and automatization, have to put much more effort to achieve wage levels of male workers. The article examines the typology of new non-standard forms of employment, their distinctive features. The author highlights the main advantages and risks associated with the wide spreading of new forms of employment in the context of the digitalization of the labor market. The study touches upon the gender aspect, special attention is paid to the analysis of innovative forms of employment and the involvement of women in innovative teams, ICT and STEM-specialties. The factors influencing the formation of innovative behavior in national innovation systems are described. The ways of coordination of state, business and research structures within the framework of "collective action" aimed at stimulating scientific and technological progress in the development of the knowledge economy, the digital economy are outlined. The author also highlighted a number of fundamental reasons for the socio-psychological insecurity of male and female workers associated with the use of non-standard employment, noted in general terms ways of solving problems in the field of precarious employment and leveling gender inequality in the context of the development of the digital economy.

Rethinking Double Jeopardy: Differences in the Gender Disadvantage between Organizational Insiders and Outsiders in Korea

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1082-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Mi Kim
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Gender Wage Gap ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Structural Condition ◽  
Secondary Market ◽  
Demographic Differences ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
Segmented Labor Market

This study examines the distinctive patterns of gender inequality in the primary and secondary labor markets in Korea. Previous studies that analyzed multiple disadvantages in the labor market tended to focus on comparing the gender wage gap between groups. By failing to distinguish the gender gap from discrimination, these studies often underestimate the severe within-job discrimination that women in minority positions experience. Using the wage gap decomposition method, this study analyzes the gender wage gap according to separate labor market positions. The results indicate that the size of the gender wage gap is greater in the primary labor market than in the secondary market, but that a sizable amount of the gap in the primary market can be explained by demographic differences between male and female workers. In the secondary labor market, the gender wage gap is relatively small, but mostly caused by within-job wage discrimination against women. The divergent pattern of gender inequality—large gap-small discrimination among organizational insiders and small gap-large discrimination between organizational outsiders—shows how the segmented labor market provides a structural condition to create the complexity of gender inequality, in which women experience different forms of disadvantage depending on their positions in the labor market.

scholarly journals Gender discrimination in employment in Moscow

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-213
Author(s):  
O. V. Kabaikina
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Moscow City ◽  
Discrimination In Employment ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Gender Aspect

The article presents gender inequality in the sphere of work in Moscow city. The purpose of this work is to determine the acuteness of discrimination men and women in matters of employment, and to understand how the gender aspect is relevant in the Moscow labor market. People from other regions come to the capital to get a job, and therefore the city of Moscow is the center of employment of Russian citizens from all over the country. It is important to monitor how equal are the opportunities for men and women in the capital to find the desired job, what difficulties candidates face in finding and choosing a job with. I provide a legislative framework designed to ensure the equality of all citizens before the law, and show how the principle of equality is implemented in practice. For this I present the results of the author’s survey of HR experts-managers who specialize in studying the labor market and the processes taking place on it, as well as research conducted by the Headhunter, Superjob job sites, the Hays recruitment agency. As a result, it has been determined that in the labor market both men and women experience discrimination, and this is connected with the opinion of the candidates, they define, where can more realize themselves, and what salary should be for them. At the same time, gender inequality loses its sharpness against the background of other problems, and experts predict a growing decrease in the difference between the positions of men and women in the labor market.

Gender Inequality in the Indonesian Labor Market

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-44
Author(s):  
Ngadi Ngadi ◽  
Devi Asiati ◽  
Ade Latifa ◽  
Nawawi Nawawi
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
Labor Force Survey

Indonesia has committed to embody gender equality in the labor market through gender mainstreaming programs in all sectors. Nevertheless, the reality indicates that gender inequality in the labor market still exists. This chapter aims to discuss various issues of gender inequality in the Indonesian labor market in the agriculture, manufacturing, and services sectors. The data used for the analysis is the 2016 national labor force survey. The survey covered 82,613 workers with 31,256 of them from the agricultural sector, 14,835 from the manufacturing sector and 36,522 from the services sector. The analysis shows the dominance of male labor in all the sectors with the lowest proportion of female workers occurs in the manufacturing sector (27.1%) followed by the agricultural sector (37.5%) and the services (46.5%). Based on the type of position, men are more dominant in strategic positions in all the three sectors. The highest wage disparity between women and men takes place in the agricultural sector followed by the manufacturing and the services.

Heat stress and inadequate toilet access at work places in India – a potential hazard to working women in a changing climate

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidhya Venugopal ◽  
Rekha Shanmugam ◽  
Priscilla Johnson ◽  
Rebekah Ann Isabel Lucas ◽  
Kristina Jakobsson
Keyword(s):  
Women Workers ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
National Level ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Disaster Victims ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
Modifiable Factors

In the past few decades, increasingly blistering heat due to climate change has created more illnesses and claimed more lives worldwide, an issue mostly ignored because it's an invisible hazard and hard-to-document disaster. Victims are usually vulnerable populations, including workers exposed on a daily basis to heat, who not only suffer from heat illnesses but also from an exacerbation of existing health problems aggravated by heat and dehydration. Research has proved that heat is a higher risk for female workers, who are affected far more often than their male counterparts. India’s informal economy is dominated by the female workforce and many informal workplaces have minimal welfare facilities including toilets. One of the modifiable factors that influence workplace psychology is the lack of access to a private toilet. To avoid embarrassment or harassment, many women refrain from drinking water during the day in order to limit their trips to the toilet, a potentially deadly strategy during hot seasons which has adverse health consequences. A global trend especially in developing nations evidences a higher number of women entering the workforce. With this trend and rising temperatures, the issue is expected to escalate to significant proportions unless workplace interventions and policy level actions are taken at a national level to protect women workers.

LABOR MARKET RESEARCH IN DNIPROPETROVSK REGION

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetiana Aloshyna ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Market Research ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Market Development ◽  
General Situation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Statistical Report ◽  
The Unemployed

The main tendencies and peculiarities of the labor market development of Dnipropetrovsk region are considered in the article. There were collected and analyzed the materials of Ukrainian statistical report and Dnipropetrovsk region reports of Statistics Department. There were analyzed general situation of the labor market in Ukraine and regions. The article includes indicators of the labor force of Ukraine in terms of regions over the past five years, identifies the place of the labor market of Dnipropetrovsk region in the overall structure of the labor market of Ukraine. A comprehensive analysis of the labor force indicators of the Dnipropetrovsk region by the number of employed persons, the gender structure of the employed population and the dynamics of the relevant indicators. The structural changes in the composition of the unemployed population of the region by territorial and sexual affiliation are determined, as well as the changes in the sex and age structure of the unemployed population over the past five years. The conducted research made it possible to assess the structural changes in the region's labor force, which are accompanied by a reduction in the labor force, a decrease in the labor force, and an increase in the unemployed population.

Low-Wage Workers and the Enforceability of Noncompete Agreements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lipsitz ◽  
Evan Starr
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Job Mobility ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
Salaried Workers ◽  
Wage Effects ◽  
Wage Distributions ◽  
Noncompete Agreements ◽  
Hourly Workers ◽  
The Impact

We exploit the 2008 Oregon ban on noncompete agreements (NCAs) for hourly-paid workers to provide the first evidence on the impact of NCAs on low-wage workers. We find that banning NCAs for hourly workers increased hourly wages by 2%–3% on average. Since only a subset of workers sign NCAs, scaling this estimate by the prevalence of NCA use in the hourly-paid population suggests that the effect on employees actually bound by NCAs may be as great as 14%–21%, though the true effect is likely lower due to labor market spillovers onto those not bound by NCAs. Whereas the positive wage effects are found across the age, education, and wage distributions, they are stronger for female workers and in occupations where NCAs are more common. The Oregon low-wage NCA ban also improved average occupational status in Oregon, raised job-to-job mobility, and increased the proportion of salaried workers without affecting hours worked. This paper was accepted by Lamar Pierce, organizations.

scholarly journals Gender inequality: The challenge of contemporary demography

Sociologija ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-54
Author(s):  
Ankica Sobot
Keyword(s):  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Social Differences ◽  
Social Fact ◽  
Heuristic Device ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Aspect ◽  
Opening Up ◽  
Relevant Factors

Gender perspective is a heuristic device in researching social phenomena, and gender inequality is a social fact which requires an adequate answer. Also, social differences between women and men are examined as relevant factors of demographic phenomena. The contemporary demography is opening up space not only for the gender aspect, but also for gender inequality as a relevant research topic. This paper discusses the possibilities of demographic approach to studying social inequality between women and men. By analyzing socio-demographic structures and their dynamics insight is obtained into the generality, tendencies and particular features of the phenomenon. This is the specifically demographic contribution to understanding gender inequality.

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