scholarly journals A Study of Transferred Epithet in Chinese from the Perspective of Prototype Theory

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gangni Chen
Keyword(s):  
Prototype Theory

Effect of implicit prototype theory on employees' proactive behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Hongwu Xiao ◽  
Donghan Wang ◽  
Xiaohan Liu ◽  
Yi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Role Theory ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Leader Member Exchange ◽  
Prototype Theory ◽  
Proactive Behavior ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Theoretical Support ◽  
Member Exchange ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
The Relationship

We applied role theory to test a theoretical model that explained how and why an implicit prototype match influences employees' proactive behavior in interpersonal contexts. After analyzing the reliability and validity of the variables, we used correlation and regression analyses to test our hypotheses with 342 participants from enterprises in China. The results show that (a) a stronger implicit prototype match increased employees' proactive behavior, (b) leader–member exchange mediated the relationship between implicit prototype match and proactive behavior, and (c) leader–member liking (employee's liking for leader and vice versa) moderated the relationship between implicit prototype match and leader–member exchange. Our findings provide theoretical support for implicit prototype theory from the implicit match perspective and have managerial implications for organizations seeking to improve employees' proactive behavior.

Transforming Family Resemblance Concepts into Fuzzy Sets

2021 ◽  
pp. 004912412098619
Author(s):  
Francesco Veri
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Sets ◽  
Set Theory ◽  
Concept Formation ◽  
Family Resemblance ◽  
Prototype Theory ◽  
Power Mean

This article aims to clarify fundamental aspects of the process of assigning fuzzy scores to conditions based on family resemblance (FR) structures by considering prototype and set theories. Prototype theory and set theory consider FR structures from two different angles. Specifically, set theory links the conceptualization of FR to the idea of sufficient and INUS (Insufficient but Necessary part of a condition, which is itself Unnecessary but Sufficient for the result) sets. In contrast, concept membership in prototype theory is strictly linked to the notion of similarity (or resemblance) in relation to the prototype, which is the anchor of the ideational content of the concept. After an introductive section where I elucidate set-theoretic and prototypical aspects of concept formation, I individuate the axiomatic properties that identify the principles of transforming FR structures into fuzzy sets. Finally, I propose an algorithm based on the power mean that is able to operationalize FR structures considering both set-theoretic and prototype theory perspectives.

scholarly journals Személynév – etnikai sztereotípia – előítélet

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judit Takács
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Prototype Theory ◽  
Variation Analysis ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
Ethnic Stereotypes ◽  
Family Names ◽  
Positive Discrimination

Personal name – ethnic stereotypes – prejudices. Findings of an examination The paper examines categorization and stereotypes from the perspective of social psychology, using the findings of so-called type creation and prototype theory. In connection with a group of personal names, i.e. the names that can be related to Roma ethnic groups, the author analyses the processes of developing stereotypes and prejudices, focusing primarily on how proper names as potential information sources to judge ethnic categories are involved in developing stereotypes. The author’s findings show that the correlation between the examined ethnic-marking first and/or family names (Levente Szabó, Bence Orsós, Rikárdó Kovács, Renátó Lakatos) and the assessments of the papers handed in is insignificant. Even the strongest correlation based on variation analysis is insignificant, which means that the results deduced from over 300 assessments examined by the author do not support the assumed connection between ethno-stereotypical names and lower grades in school. With respect to the examined typical ethnic-marking name form consisting of both a first and a family name (Renátó Lakatos) positive discrimination cannot be unambiguously proven either on the basis of the materials at hand.

scholarly journals Semantic Description of Objects in Images Based on Prototype Theory

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Vidal Pino ◽  
Erickson R. Nascimento ◽  
Mario F. M. Campos
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Distance ◽  
Prototype Model ◽  
Prototype Theory ◽  
Semantic Description ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Semantic Classification ◽  
Object Categories ◽  
Clustering And Classification ◽  
Low Dimensional ◽  
Semantic Descriptor

This research aims to build a model for the semantic description of objects based on visual features extracted from images. We introduce a novel semantic description approach inspired by the Prototype Theory. Inspired by the human approach used to represent categories, we propose a novel Computational Prototype Model (CPM) that encodes and stores the object’s image category’s central semantic meaning: the semantic prototype. Our CPM model represents and constructs the semantic prototypes of object categories using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). The proposed Prototype-based Description Model uses the CPM model to describe an object highlighting its most distinctive features within the category. Our Global Semantic Descriptor (GSDP) builds discriminative, low-dimensional, and semantically interpretable signatures that encode the objects’ semantic information using the constructed semantic prototypes. It uses the proposed Prototypical Similarity Layer (PS-Layer) to retrieve the category prototype using the principle of categorization based on prototypes. Using different datasets, we show in our experiments that: i) the proposed CPM model successfully simulates the internal semantic structure of the categories; ii) the proposed semantic distance metric can be understood as the object typicality score within a category; iii) our semantic classification method based on prototypes can improve the performance and interpretation of CNN classification models; iv) our semantic descriptor encoding significantly outperforms others state-of-the-art image global encoding in clustering and classification tasks.

scholarly journals A Study on Implication of Prototype Theory in English Vocabulary Teaching

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Hongmei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
International Communication ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Prototype Theory ◽  
English Learning ◽  
Learning And Teaching ◽  
Cognitive Mechanism ◽  
Teachers And Students

Nowadays, English plays an increasingly important role in international communication. Vocabulary plays the important role in the process of English learning and teaching. Although the significance of the vocabulary teaching and learning have been noticed by the teachers and students, the current situation of English vocabulary teaching and learning is not satisfactory in most Chinese schools. This paper applies the prototype theory and other related theories, which contains the three levels of categorization and two cognitive mechanism, to vocabulary teaching and learning. The paper aims at exploring the implications that prototype theory indicates in English vocabulary teaching and learning, finding out the crux of English vocabulary teaching and learning. Teachers need to consciously foster students’ metaphorical and metonymical awareness when teaching vocabulary.

Methodology in Accent Perception Studies: A Review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roshni Raheja ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Language Attitudes ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Perceptions ◽  
Prototype Theory ◽  
Region Of Origin ◽  
Ethnolinguistic Identity ◽  
Economic Background ◽  
Accent Perception

Research in the field of Language Attitudes and Social Perceptions have proven associations between a speaker’s accent, and listener’s perceptions of various aspects of their identity – intelligence, socio-economic background, race, region of origin, friendliness, etc. This paper seeks to critically analyze the methodology and theories in the field of accent perception through a review of existing research literature across various disciplines that have studied it. After reviewing Social Identity Theory, Prototype theory, and theories regarding Ethnolinguistic identity, it points out various knowledge gaps and limitations of methodologies previously used. It then studies the implications for future research, in various domains, proposing a new theoretical paradigm using mixed methods studies.

Concepts and Categories of Art: A Very Brief Primer

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-114
Author(s):  
William P. Seeley
Keyword(s):  
Prototype Theory ◽  
Concepts And Categories ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Exemplar Theory ◽  
Arthur Danto ◽  
Classical Account

Chapter 3 expands on the discussion of categories of art. The chapter evaluates four models for a theory of concepts for categories of art: a classical account derived from traditional, definitional theories of art; a prototype theory derived from Kendall Walton’s canonical discussion of categories of art; an exemplar theory derived from Morris Weitz’s anti-essentialism; and a knowledge-based account derived from Arthur Danto and Noël Carrol’s cognitivist theories of art. The chapter continues with a discussion of artworks and artifact concepts and concludes by arguing that a knowledge-based account of concepts provides the best model for understanding the structure of categories of art. and their role in our engagement with artworks.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document