scholarly journals Comparison of Histomorphometric Study of Chromaffin Cells in Adult Males Squirrel (Sciurusanomalus) and Hamster (Mesocricetusauratus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
Abdulrazzaq B Kadhim ◽  
Iman M Khaleel
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Chromaffin Cells ◽  
Spherical Nucleus ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Endocrine Glands ◽  
Left Adrenal Gland ◽  
Strong Reaction ◽  
Histomorphometric Study ◽  
The Right ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin

The adrenal glands are endocrine glands that produce a diversity of hormones comprising of adrenaline, the aldosterone and cortisol. The present study aimed at investigation of the histomorphometric features of chromaffin cells. There were two types of chromaffin cells. In squirrel, the first type was columnar in shape and brownish in color contained spherical nucleus located at the base of cells, which represented the epinephrine secreting cells, and the second type was polygonal in shape and light brownish in color contained spherical nucleus located in the center of cells, which represented the norepinephrine secreting cells. The adrenal medulla of hamster consists almost entirely of columnar or polyhedral chromaffin cells forming clusters and anastomosing cords separated by sinusoids, giving a strong reaction with methylene eosin stain more than that seen in squirrel. The statistical analysis showed that the means diameter of epinephrine cells and norepinephrine cells in the right adrenal gland in squirrel were lesser than those of hamster significantly at P<0.05, but in the left adrenal gland in squirrel the means were greater than those of hamster significantly at P<0.05. In conclusion, the present findings showed the reaction of chromaffin cells of hamster with methylene –eosin stain to be stronger than with hematoxylin-eosin stain, while the opposite was true in case of the squirrel.

Effective Therapy of Insulinoma by Using Long-Acting Somatostatin Analogue. A Case Report and Literature Review

2011 ◽  
Vol 120 (02) ◽  
pp. 68-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Jawiarczyk ◽  
M. Bolanowski ◽  
J. Syrycka ◽  
G. Bednarek-Tupikowska ◽  
M. Kałużny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Somatostatin Receptors ◽  
Subcutaneous Administration ◽  
Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor ◽  
Somatostatin Analogue ◽  
Left Adrenal Gland ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
The Right

AbstractWe are reporting a case of 68-year-old woman with insulinoma, after a non-successful tumor surgery and a long-term diazoxide treatment. She had a lot of hypoglycemia cases, and a weight gain of 50 kg. An abdominal CT scan demonstrated a tumor 28 mm in the diameter, in the head of the pancreas. The patient did not agree for the repeated insulinoma surgery. Furthermore, we found a lesion in the left adrenal gland (14 mm in the diameter) and in the right lung (8 mm in the diameter). Pheochromocytoma was diagnosed on the basis of hypertension, elevated levels of normetanephrine in the 24-h urine collection, and an elevated level of norepinephrine in a plasma sample. After the left adrenal gland removal we observed lower blood pressure. Since we had revealed the presence of somatostatin receptors by the somatostatin receptors scintigraphy, we decided to control hypoglycemia by a monthly subcutaneous administration of the long-acting lanreotide. Because of higher glucose levels (300–400 mg/dl) we started an intense insulin therapy. Nowadays, the patient feels better, she has lost 20 kg of her body weight, and we have observed normal blood glucose levels during the long-term lanreotide treatment. We have noticed neither side effects nor hypoglycemic episodes and we have reduced the dose of insulin. The presented case can be an evidence of the effective treatment of the pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor of insulinoma type, with somatostatin analogue.

BECKWITH'S SYNDROME WITH EXTREME ORGAN HYPERPLASIA

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 372-381
Author(s):  
Thomas F. Roe ◽  
Ann K. Kershnar ◽  
Jordan J. Weitzman ◽  
Luis Salinas Madrigal
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Abdominal Mass ◽  
Severe Hypoglycemia ◽  
Immunoreactive Insulin ◽  
Left Adrenal Gland ◽  
Adrenal Steroid ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Pedunculated Tumor ◽  
The Right

A large newborn infant with hemihypertrophy, omphalocele, hepatomegaly, left upper quadrant abdominal mass, and zoster-like skin rash had severe hypoglycemia at 4 hours of age. Serum immunoreactive insulin levels were markedly elevated. Hypoglycemia was not controlled by vigorous medical therapy but blood glucose levels returned toward normal following subtotal excision of the markedly hyperplastic pancreas at 24 days of age. At 4½ months of age, a right upper quadrant abdominal mass was noted and urinary adrenal steroid levels were elevated. The right adrenal gland was found to be markedly hyperplastic and it was removed; the left adrenal gland was slightly hyperplastic. Between the ages of 5 and 8 months the umbilical stump enlarged progressively forming a large pedunculated tumor which was removed. This patient presents an unusually severe example of Beckwith's syndrome with both prenatal and postnatal organ overgrowth, severe hypoglycemia and hyperinsulinism.

Adrenal Pheochromocytoma With Contralateral Adrenocortical Adenoma in a Cat

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon David R. Calsyn ◽  
Rebecca A. Green ◽  
Garrett J. Davis ◽  
Christopher M. Reilly
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Adrenocortical Adenoma ◽  
Left Adrenal Gland ◽  
Adrenal Pheochromocytoma ◽  
History Of ◽  
Suppression Test ◽  
The Right ◽  
Dexamethasone Suppression

A 7-year-old, neutered male cat was presented with a 6-month history of progressive polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, aggression, and weight gain. Previous blood work, urinalysis, and radiographs did not delineate a cause for the clinical signs. An ultrasound revealed bilateral adrenal gland enlargement. A low-dose dexamethasone suppression test was consistent with hyperadrenocorticism. Based on these findings, bilateral adrenalectomy was attempted and successfully performed. Histopathology was consistent with a cortical adenoma in the right adrenal gland and a pheochromocytoma in the left adrenal gland. This association has never been reported in the cat.

scholarly journals The diagnosis and treatment of primary adrenal lipomatous tumors in Chinese patients: a 31-year follow-up study

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fukang Sun ◽  
Juping Zhao ◽  
Xiaolong Jing ◽  
Wenlong Zhou ◽  
Xin Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Preoperative Imaging ◽  
Left Adrenal Gland ◽  
Single Centre ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
The Right ◽  
Lipomatous Tumors

Introduction: Adrenal lipomatous tumours (ALTs) are rarely encountered in clinical practice and consequently little is known about their clinical features.Methods: We analyze the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of ALTs based on cases presenting at a single centre over a 31-year period. We reviewed clinical data from patients with primary adrenal tumours treated at the Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai between January 1980 and December 2010.Results: A total of 73 cases of primary ALTs in 22 men and 51 women (mean age 51.1±14.2 years) were reviewed. The ALTs included 65 myelolipomas (89.0%), 3 lipomas (4.1%), 2 angiomyolipomas (2.7%), 2 teratomas (2.7%), and 1 liposarcoma (1.4%). Of the total 73 patients, 24 of them had tumours in the left adrenal gland, 47 in the right gland and 2 had bilateral tumours. In total, 51 patients underwent open surgery and 22 laparoscopic surgery.Conclusion: Myelolipoma is predominant among the various types of lipomatous adrenal gland tumours; it accounts for about 90% of all cases. Surgery is recommended for tumours ≥3.5 cm in diameter, for all cases of symptomatic tumour, and for cases of teratoma or liposarcoma identified by preoperative imaging.

scholarly journals SUN-910 High Enhancement Washout by CT Imaging Does Not Exclude Pheochromocytoma/Paraganglioma: Review of Two Cases

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feyza Erenler ◽  
Ronald M Lechan
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy ◽  
Ct Imaging ◽  
Cardiac Resynchronization ◽  
Vanillylmandelic Acid ◽  
Mibg Imaging ◽  
Left Adrenal Gland ◽  
Urinary Catecholamines ◽  
The Right ◽  
Adrenal Nodule

Abstract Background: It is well known that delayed images from contrast-enhanced CT are useful in distinguishing adrenal adenomas from non-adenomas, with an absolute washout that exceeds 60% being most consistent with a lipid rich adenoma. We present two cases of an adrenal mass that met the criteria for a lipid rich adenoma by CT imaging, but found to be a pheochromocytoma (PCC) and paraganglioma (PGL). Clinical Case Case#1 An 82 yo woman presenting with tachycardia was found to have a 2.4 cm heterogeneously attenuating, left adrenal nodule with an absolute washout of 61% and a relative washout of 45%. The right adrenal was normal. Urinary catecholamine levels were elevated with an epinephrine (E) 38 mcg (2–24), norepinephrine (NE) 388 mcg (15–100), dopamine (DOPA) 175 mcg (52–480), metanephrine (MN) mcg 620 (90–315), normetanephrine (NMN) 1553 mcg (122–676) and vanillylmandelic acid 12.5 mg (&lt; 6) on a 24h collection. Due to a cardiac resynchronization therapy device, an MRI could not be obtained. MIBG imaging was obtained and showed increased uptake in left adrenal gland, corresponding to the lesion identified on CT. The patient underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy and the pathology confirmed a PCC. Case#2: A 74 yo man was found to have an incidental right adrenal nodule on CT imaging measuring 2.4 cm. Absolute washout was 83% and relative washout 68%. The left adrenal gland was normal. A follow up MRI obtained showed slight increase in T2 weighted images and no drop out on out of phase imaging, raising concern for a PCC. Urinary catecholamines were elevated including E 12 mcg (2–24), NE 280 mcg (15–100), DOPA 246 mcg (52–480), MN 175 mcg (90–315) and NMN 1298 mcg (122–676) on a 24-hr. collection. MIBG imaging further confirmed the diagnosis with increased uptake in the right adrenal gland. The patient underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy then, converted to open right adrenalectomy through an anterior approach due to adherence of the tumor to the renal vein. The pathology revealed a PGL. Conclusion: PCC/PGL are rare but life-threatening neuroendocrine tumors that require early detection to reduce associated morbidities and mortality and improve surgical outcomes. CT is commonly used to characterize adrenal lesions and an absolute washout of &gt;60% is most consistent with an adenoma. However, as demonstrated by these two cases, washout exceeding 60% can also be seen in non-adenomas, perhaps secondary to degeneration of the nodule causing necrotic or cystic changes or uncommonly, the presence of a high lipid content in the tumor [1]. Thus, when clinical suspicion is strong and/or there is a positive biochemical workup, confirmatory imaging should be considered to establish the diagnosis. References: [1] Blake, M. A., Kalra, M. K., Maher, M. M., Sahani, D. V., Sweeney, A. T., Mueller, P. R., ... & Boland, G. W. (2004). Pheochromocytoma: an imaging chameleon. Radiographics, 24(suppl_1), S87-S99.

scholarly journals Ultrasonography of Normal Adrenal Glands in Adult Holstein–Friesian Cows: A Pilot Study

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1171
Author(s):  
J. Daniel Barreiro-Vázquez ◽  
Andrés Barreiro-Lois ◽  
Marta Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Transabdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Left Adrenal Gland ◽  
Sagittal Section ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ultrasonographic Appearance ◽  
Apparent Influence ◽  
Friesian Cows

Ultrasonographic reference values for the adrenal glands of cattle have not been reported to date. Adrenal glands can be affected by different pathologies, such as hyperplasia, neoplasia and atrophy (either primary or secondary). The present findings indicate that the right adrenal gland can be easily characterized by transabdominal ultrasound in adult Holstein–Friesian cows, with no apparent influence of age or weight. The right adrenal gland (mean length 3.86 ± 1.39 cm; and mean thickness 1.39 ± 0.26 cm) was consistently and mainly located in the 12th intercostal space. The left adrenal gland was more difficult to locate due to its more medial position, and to the presence of gas in the gastrointestinal tract, so it could not be visualized in most animals (18/25). Its mean length was 3.72 ± 0.95 cm, and mean thickness was 1.36 ± 0.33 cm, in the sagittal section. This is the first report of the ultrasonographic appearance of the adrenal glands of cows and of the corresponding reference preliminary values.

scholarly journals SAT-196 The Use of 11C-metomidate PET-CT to Detect Unilateral Primary Hyperaldosteronism

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumitro Harjanto ◽  
Aye Chan Maung ◽  
Troy Puar ◽  
Daphne Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Primary Hyperaldosteronism ◽  
Left Adrenal Gland ◽  
Active Renin ◽  
Potassium Supplementation ◽  
Serum Aldosterone ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background Identifying causative adrenal lesions presents a significant diagnostic burden for physicians and radiologists. We describe the use of radiolabelled metomidate to lateralise primary hyperaldosteronism. Case presentation A 52-year old Chinese man with a 5-year history of hypertension was referred for hypokalemia [K 2.7 mmol/L (3.6 - 5.0)]. He had been on Telmisartan 80 mg and Amlodipine 10 mg daily and blood pressure at home ranged 110-120 / 70-80 mmHg. There was no history of poor oral intake, persistent diarrhea or vomiting, and he was not on any other prescription or alternative medications. There was no significant family history of hypertension or sudden cardiac death. Clinic blood pressure was 140/84 mmHg. There were no features suggestive of Cushing’s syndrome. Repeat biochemical tests confirmed hypokalemia (K 3.1 mmol/L), and associated raised bicarbonate 37.3 mmol/L [19 - 29]. Magnesium and creatinine were normal. Aldosterone-renin Ratio was elevated at 8.1 (serum Aldosterone 611 pmol/L [97.3 - 834.0], active renin 2.7 pg/ml [1.8 – 59.4]). Post-saline infusion, non-suppressible serum aldosterone levels of 1137 pmol/L was demonstrated, consistent with autonomous aldosterone production. A computed tomography of the adrenal revealed a 2.3 cm x 1.9 cm nodule on the left adrenal gland consistent with lipid rich adenoma. Adrenal vein sampling (AVS) under continuous synacthen infusion was performed. Adrenal to peripheral cortisol ratio was ≥10 for either adrenal veins, confirming cannulation of the adrenal veins. Aldosterone-cortisol ratios showed lateralization to the left adrenal gland (lateralization ratio of 10.35). There was contralateral suppression of the right adrenal gland with ratio of 0.41. 11C-Metomidate PET-CT scan demonstrated a maximum standardised uptake value (SUVmax) of 26.8 over the left adrenal nodule, while the SUVmax of the right adrenal gland was 16.2. Ratio of the left to right adrenal gland SUVmax was 1.65 (above the threshold of 1.25); and was concordant with AVS. This confirmed that the patient had a left functional adrenal adenoma responsible for hyperaldosteronism. Our patient underwent a left adrenalectomy, and histology was consistent with adrenal cortical adenoma. Prior to surgery he required 72 mmol/l of potassium supplementation daily to maintain K levels of 3.3 – 4.0 mmol/L. Two weeks post-operatively, he was normokalemic (K 4.9 mmol/L) without potassium supplementation. Serum aldosterone normalized to 159.3 pmol/L (active renin 9.3 pg/ml). Blood pressure is well controlled on amlodipine 5mg daily. Conclusion Targeted molecular imaging such as 11C-Metomidate PET-CT could aid localisation of functional adrenal disease to guide definitive surgical management. In the future, this could obviate the need for invasive and technically complex procedures like AVS.

EFFECT OF HYPOTHALAMIC LESIONS AND HYPOPHYSECTOMY ON CORTICOID PRODUCTION IN VITRO AND ON ADRENAL WEIGHT IN RATS

1961 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. de Wied
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Adrenal Weight ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Left Adrenal Gland ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Adrenal Response ◽  
The Right ◽  
Intact Rats

ABSTRACT Intact, sham-operated, hypophysectomized rats and rats bearing extensive lesions in the median eminence were stressed by ether anaesthesia. The pituitary-adrenal response to the stress was determined on the in vitro steroidogenesis by adrenal gland slices of the left gland and on adrenal weight changes in the left and right gland. The absence of compensatory adrenal hypertrophy which normally occurs following the removal of the left gland, was used as an index of the inhibition of the secretion of ACTH (corticotrophin) from the adenohypophysis in the lesioned rats. Following ether stress, corticoid production in vitro of the left adrenal gland rose considerably in intact rats. Adrenal response to stress of sham-operated animals was almost similar to that of intact rats at 4, 66 and 162 hours but significantly depressed at 18 hours following operation. Hypophysectomized and lesioned rats, however, failed to exhibit an increased steroidogenesis in vitro following ether stress at the four time intervals studied. Pitressin markedly stimulated corticoidogenesis of adrenals of lesioned rats at 18. 66 and 162 hours following the production of lesions. The weight of the left adrenal gland of lesioned and hypophysectomized rats decreased gradually during the period studied; that of the latter group decreased at a faster rate. Adrenal hypertrophy, usually observed some time after placement of a lesion, did not occur in the lesioned rats of the present experiments. Weight increase of the right adrenal removed one week following extirpation of the left gland, was similar in intact and sham-operated rats, whereas this compensatory adrenal hypertrophy was absent in hypophys-ectomized as well as in lesioned animals.

scholarly journals Histomorphological and Histochemical Study of Adrenal Gland in Adult Male of Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Abbas. L. Batah
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Central Vein ◽  
Zona Fasciculata ◽  
Left Adrenal Gland ◽  
Secreting Cell ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Statistical Results

   The present study was carried on twenty adult males of Guinea pigs to evaluate the histomorphological and histochemical features of adrenal gland. Morphologically, Guinea pigs had a couple adrenal glands brown in color were located craniomedially attached to each cranial pole of kidney, the right adrenal gland had pyramidal shape, while the left had elongated shape. The statistical results showed that there is significant difference between the right and left adrenal gland in the weight, length, thickness, width and volume. The histological and histochemical results showed that adrenal gland was composed of cortex and medulla. The cortex was consisted of three zones. The zona glomerulosa was consisted of columnar or cuboidal cells arranged in groups as glomeruli, the zona fasciculata and reticularis were composed mainly of polygonal cells arranged in regular and irregular cords.The medulla region was composed of ovoid group of cells (chromaffine cells) that arranged in irregular cords separated by blood sinusoid and surrounded by central vein, contained two types of cells, the first cell was columnar in shape and brownish in color representing the epinephrine secreting cell, the second cell was polygonal in shape and light brownish in color with spherical nucleus representing the Norepinephrine secreting cell when fixed in chromate salts. All parts of adrenal gland exhibited strong to moderate reaction for Periodic Acid Schiff stain. The statistical results showed that there is significant difference between the right and left adrenal gland in the thickness of capsule, zona glomerulusa, zona fasciculata, zona reticularis and medulla region.

scholarly journals Familial Acromegaly and Bilateral Asynchronous Pheochromocytomas in a Female Patient With a MAX Mutation: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Mamedova ◽  
Evgeny Vasilyev ◽  
Vasily Petrov ◽  
Svetlana Buryakina ◽  
Anatoly Tiulpakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Medical History ◽  
Female Patient ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Left Adrenal Gland ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Whole Exome ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Insight Into

BackgroundThere are very few cases of co-occurring pituitary adenoma (PA) and pheochromocytomas (PCC)/paragangliomas caused by MAX mutations. No cases of familial PA in patients with MAX mutations have been described to date.Case PresentationWe describe a 38-year-old female patient, presenting with clinical and biochemical features of acromegaly and PCC of the left adrenal gland. Whole-exome sequencing was performed [NextSeq550 (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA)] identifying a nonsense mutation in the MAX gene (NM_002382) [c.223C&gt;T (p.R75X)]. The patient had a medical history of PCC of the right adrenal gland diagnosed aged 21 years and prolactinoma diagnosed aged 25 years. Cabergoline treatment was effective in achieving remission of prolactinoma at age 33 years. The patient’s father who died at age 56 years of a heart attack had a medical history of PA and prominent acromegalic features, which supports the familial presentation of the disease.ConclusionThis clinical case gives an insight into the clinical presentation of familial PA and PCC probably associated with a MAX mutation.

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