scholarly journals A Comprehensive Macroeconomic Income Determination Model for an Islamic Economy

1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (4II) ◽  
pp. 1301-1314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Ibn Khaldun ◽  
Money Markets ◽  
Determination Process ◽  
Factor Markets ◽  
Income Determination ◽  
Almost All

Several attempts at modelling the income determination process in an Islamic Economy have been made.l Almost all of these attempts are related to income determination on the demand side of the economy only. To the best of my knowledge no attempt has so far been made to capture the supply-side effects on income determination. Some early Muslim thinkers like Ibn Khaldun (1980) have emphatically stressed the supply-side effects on income determination in a Muslim economy. The main objective of this study is to make an effort to present a comprehensive macroeconomic income determination model for an Islamic economy that takes care of the demand side as far as the goods markets and money markets are concerned and it also covers the supply side of the economy as far as the optimal conditions for hiring of the labour and capital in the factor markets are concerned.

scholarly journals El conflicto competitivo entre sistemas socio-técnicos complejos y la evolución de los sectores industriales = The competitive conflict between complex socio-technical systems and industrial sector dynamics

2012 ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Alberto Levy
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Strategy ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Systemic Approach ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Brand Positioning ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Resource Productivity ◽  
Technical Systems ◽  
Almost All

Resumen<br /><br />Las concepciones tradicionales con respecto a la Estrategia Competitiva y a la dinámica de los sectores industriales han sido casi siempre orientadas hacia el lado de la demanda, el Posicionamiento de las marcas, o hacia el lado de la oferta, la Productividad de los recursos. En este artículo se presenta el concepto de “paradigma vincular” para entender a la Estrategia Competitiva y la Dinámica de los Sectores Industriales. Este concepto liga el posicionamiento con la productividad desde un abordaje cognitivo, interactivo y sistémico.<br /><br />Abstract<br /><br />Almost all of the traditional views regarding Competitive Strategy and Industrial Sector Dynamics have been oriented towards the demand side, this is a brand Positioning bias, or towards the supply side, this is a resource Productivity bias. This paper introduces the concept of “vincular paradigm” to understand Competitive Strategy and Industrial Sector Dynamics from a cognitive, interactive and systemic approach

scholarly journals The Fiscal Reaction Function and the Transmission Mechanism for Pakistan

2007 ◽  
Vol 46 (4II) ◽  
pp. 435-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmood Khalid ◽  
Wasim Shahid Malik ◽  
Abdul Sattar
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
New Keynesian ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Macro Variables

Modern macroeconomics literature emphasises both the short run and long run objectives of fiscal policy [Romer (2006)]. In the short run it can be used to counter output cyclicality and/or stabilise volatility in macro variables, which is descriptively same as of effects of the short run monetary policy. Further for the long-run, fiscal policy can also affect both the demand and supply side of the economy. But in most traditional analyses it is assumed that fiscal policy would adjust to ensure the intertemporal budget constraint to be satisfied, while monetary policy is free to adjust its instruments [‘Ricardian Regime’ by Sargent (1982)] such as stock of money supply or the nominal interest rate [Walsh (2003)]. The debt financing methods, expenditure and tax powers of fiscal authorities i.e. the fiscal policy has also been seen as to affect both the supply and demand side of the economy. As noted by Baxter and King (1993), the initial Real Business Cycle models had only the supply side effects of the fiscal policy, where these were transmitted through the wealth effect and labourleisure choices of the household. Recently also New-Keynesian type models with micro-foundations and sticky prices argue that still through the supply side fiscal policy management could be accorded for stabilisation [Linnemann and Schabert (2003)]. The demand side effects of the fiscal policy could also be found only with more imperfections such as ‘Rule of Thumb’ consumers or those with liquidity constraints, which lead to exclusion of Ricardian equivalence [Gali, et al. (2005)]. But all that depends on the structure of the economy, as Blanchard and Perotti (2002) stated:

Is There a Role for Active Fiscal Policies? Supply-Side and Demand-Side Effects of Fiscal Policies

2011 ◽  
pp. 191-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesus Ferreiro ◽  
Teresa Garcia del Valle ◽  
Carmen Gomez ◽  
Felipe Serrano
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Fiscal Policies ◽  
Demand Side

Application of a Tax to E-Commerce Deliveries in Barcelona

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110124
Author(s):  
Genís Majoral ◽  
Francesc Gasparín ◽  
Sergi Saurí
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Environmental Tax ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Revenue Collection ◽  
Last Mile ◽  
The Impact

The number of e-commerce transactions is increasing worldwide. Deliveries of goods purchased online generate externalities throughout the whole supply chain and, particularly, the increasing concern about the last-mile distribution of goods. The escalating presence of vans in cities contributes to poor air quality, climate change, noise, and congestion. So far, the majority of solutions to address this issue are based on the supply side, such as electric vans, optimizing the routing and pick-up-points, and so forth. Even in other transport sectors, pricing solutions are well known, yet they have not been extended to e-commerce delivery. This paper aims to propose an environmental tax falling on the demand side and equaling the externalities from this activity. The analysis has been particularized for the case of Barcelona. A cost–benefit analysis to assess the impact of such a tax has been carried out. When revenue collection is reinvested in the logistics sector, and for subsidizing electric distribution vehicles, the results indicate that the levying of the tax can generate positive outcomes.

scholarly journals The position of the farm holiday in Austrian tourism

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 697-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Quendler
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Relative Position ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Tourist Accommodation

AbstractTourism is vitally important to the Austrian economy. The number of tourist destinations, both farms and other forms of accommodation, in the different regions of Austria is considerably and constantly changing. This paper discusses the position of the ‘farm holiday’ compared to other forms of tourism. Understanding the resilience of farm holidays is especially important but empirical research on this matter remains limited. The term ‘farm holiday’ covers staying overnight on a farm that is actively engaged in agriculture and has a maximum of 10 guest beds. The results reported in this paper are based on an analysis of secondary data from 2000 and 2018 by looking at two types of indicator: (i) accommodation capacity (supply side) and (ii) attractiveness of a destination (demand side). The data sets cover Austria and its NUTS3 regions. The results show the evolution of farm holidays vis-à-vis other forms of tourist accommodation. In the form of a quadrant matrix they also show the relative position of farm holidays regionally. While putting into question the resilience of farm holidays, the data also reveals where farm holidays could act to expand this niche or learn and improve to effect a shift in their respective position relative to the market ‘leaders’. However, there is clearly a need to learn more about farm holidays within the local context. This paper contributes to our knowledge of farm holidays from a regional point of view and tries to elaborate on the need for further research.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document