Growth and Human Development: Pakistan in Comparative Perspective (The Quaid-i-Azam Memorial Lecture)

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (4I) ◽  
pp. 333-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oustav Ranis ◽  
Frances Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Memorial Lecture ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Human Development Report ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Country Specific

This paper will, at the outset, present a conceptual framework which constitutes an extension of the Human Development Report of 1996. Then in Section III, it will offer some cross-country as well as country-specific, particularly Pakistan-specific, evidence. In Section IV it will examine some possible reasons thrown up by the conceptual framework as to why Pakistan's performance has indeed been "mixed". Finally, in Section V, it suggests a few actions Pakistani policy-makers might consider if the past unsatisfactory situation is to be repaired.

EDUCATING WOMEN FOR DEVELOPMENT: THE ARAB HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2005 AND THE PROBLEM WITH WOMEN'S CHOICES

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fida J. Adely
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Development Programme ◽  
New Era ◽  
Human Development Report ◽  
Life Chances ◽  
The Past ◽  
Human Endeavor ◽  
Nations Development

In the 1980s, after a decades-long emphasis on economic growth as the primary engine for development, a number of prominent economists and development practitioners heralded a new era in the conceptualization of development as primarily a human endeavor with improved life chances and quality of life as the proper end. Thus was coined the term “human development,” followed by subsequent efforts to delineate the essential dimensions of human development and the appropriate measures of a development endeavor that no longer had “growth” (and, more narrowly, increased income) as its primary indicator but now sought to measure human ends, capabilities, and opportunities. Of most prominence, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) took up this charge in the form of an annual global human development report, releasing the first one in 1990. Perhaps no other human development reports have received as much attention in the past few years as have the Arab human development reports.

scholarly journals Sugeng Priyono

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Sugeng Priyono
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Aggregate Demand ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Human Development Report ◽  
Multiplier Effect

Selama ini pendekatan kebijakan distribusi ekonomi didasarkan pada dua mazhab,yaitu mazhab klasik (ortodoks) dan mazhab strukturalis. Kesenjangan yang semakinmeningkat antara kelompok kaya dan kelompok miskin seperti dilansir riset the NewEconomics Foundation dan Human Development Report 2006 adalah bukti kegagalan keduamazhab tersebut. Maka urgensi pendekatan konsep ekonomi Islam merupakan solusi yangsemestinya diupayakan oleh para penentu kebijakan (policy makers) terutama di Negaranegaramayoritas muslim, terlebih trend dunia saat ini mengarah pada Sharing-BasedEconomy. Kewajiban zakat dalam Islam sangat fundamental dan berkaitan erat dengan aspekaspekketuhanan dan sosial ekonomi. Aspek-aspek ketuhanan dapat ditelusuri daribanyaknya ayat-ayat dalam al-Qur'an yang menyebut masalah zakat. Perintah zakat dapatdipahami sebagai salah satu kesatuan sistem yang tak terpisahkan dalam pencapaiankesejahteraan sosial ekonomi dari aspek al-'adalah al-ijtima'iyah. Implikasi zakat dapatmeminimalisir kesenjangan sosial dalam masyarakat, zakat diharapkan dapat meningkatkandan menumbuhkan perekonomian baik individu maupun masyarakat. Zakat adalah keputusanpolitik paling penting dalam Islam (high politic). Ijtihad nishab zakat kontemporer sebagaiupaya realisasi zakat di era modern. Disamping merupakan rukun Islam, jika dikeloladengan baik, zakat dapat memberikan efek rambatan (multiplier effect) yang besar.Logikanya dengan zakat akan meningkatkan konsumsi mustahik (aggregate demand), makaakan mendorong investasi yang pada gilirannya mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi, yangtentu akan meningkatkan kesejahteraan umum.Kata kunci: Zakat, Nishab, Ijtihad ulama

scholarly journals MULTILEVEL RELATIONS BETWEEN EXTERNAL ACCOUNTABILITY, INTERNAL ACCOUNTABILITY, AND MATH ACHIEVEMENT: A CROSS-COUNTRY ANALYSIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-332
Author(s):  
Pilnam Yi ◽  
In-soo Shin
Keyword(s):  
Student Performance ◽  
Math Achievement ◽  
Educational Equity ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Country Analysis ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Internal Accountability ◽  
External Accountability

External accountability policies have spread fast across various educational systems over the past decades. This research examines the relations of internal and external accountability with students’ math achievement drawing on PISA 2012. With a sample of 44 educational systems, of which external accountability policies were identified, the research conducted three-level hierarchical linear modelling (HLM) analyses. This research found that some internal accountability factors had tighter relations with math achievement, while the relations of external accountability policies with student performance were rather tenuous. However, equity of student math achievement was better ensured under strong accountability systems. The results suggest that policy makers of each country should consider strengths and weaknesses of external accountability in their own educational contexts. Keywords: external accountability, educational equity, internal accountability, math achievement, PISA.

Materialism and Green Purchase Intention: A Study of Urban Vietnamese Consumers

2017 ◽  
pp. 89-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mai Nguyen Thi Tuyet ◽  
Hung Nguyen Vu ◽  
Linh Nguyen Hoang ◽  
Minh Nguyen Hoang
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Subjective Norm ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Tpb Model ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Impact

This study focuses on examining the impact of three components of materialism on green purchase intention for urban consumers in Vietnam, an emerging economy. An extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is applied as the conceptual framework for this study. The hypotheses are empirically tested using survey data obtained from consumers in Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam. The regression results show support for most of our hypotheses. The findings indicate that two out of three facets of materialism are significant predictors of green purchase intention. Specifically, success is found to be negatively related to purchase intention, while happiness is related positively to the intention. All three antecedents in the TPB model, including attitude towards green purchase, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control are also found to have positive impacts on purchase intention. The research findings are discussed and implications for managers and policy makers are provided.

Identifying Barriers to Integration of Technology into Traditional Approach of Teaching: A Case Study of Mathematics Teachers in Former Transkei in the Eastern Cape

10.31355/12 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 063-071
Author(s):  
Agyei Fosu
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Mathematics Teachers ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
High School Education ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
High School Mathematics ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Integration Of Technology ◽  
Teaching Of Mathematics

NOTE: THIS ARTICLE WAS PUBLISHED WITH THE INFORMING SCIENCE INSTITUTE. Aim/Purpose................................................................................................................................................................................................. The main aim of the study is to identify some of the barriers to the integration of technology into the teaching of mathematics in high schools. Background................................................................................................................................................................................................. Writing on chalkboards as a method of transferring knowledge is a key feature of traditional approach to teaching may have been successful in the past, but the minds of the current generation vary from those of the previous generation. Today’s students are immersed in technology. They are much more up-to-date on the latest technology and gadgets. Technology has certainly changed how students access and integrate information, so it plausible that technology has also changed the way students thinks. Growing up with cutting-edge technologies has left them thinking differently than students of past generations. This call for new innovative approaches to teaching that will cater to the students of today. Of course it is not wise to discard the traditional way of teaching that the past teachers have painstakingly created because of its past and some current success. This is why it is recommended to use this approach as a base for the new ones. Thus, if there is a way to transfer the advantages of this approach of teaching to new innovative approach then teachers should do everything in their power to merge the past and the present into one innovative teaching approach. Methodology................................................................................................................................................................................................. Purposeful sampling was used to survey a total of 116 high school mathematics teachers in the former Transkei Homelands. But only 97 questionnaires were deemed usable because of the way they have answered the questions. Microsoft excel was used in the descriptive statistics Contribution................................................................................................................................................................................................. To identify some barriers that need to be addressed by stakeholders, policy makers in high school education so that high school mathematics teachers will be able to integrate technology into their classroom teaching to meet today students’ learning needs. Findings...................................................................................................................................................................................................... The results indicated that the participating teachers need to be trained and supported in the use of the new technologies applicable to teaching mathematics. Recommendations for Practitioners.......................................................................................................................................................... The Eastern Cape department of education needs to consider the lacked of technology training as a barrier to the integration of technology into the teaching of mathematics and take necessary steps to address it. Recommendation for Researchers........................................................................................................................................................... There is the need to explore in depth whether the factors of gender and age also act as barriers. Impact on Society....................................................................................................................................................................................... The research will assist stakeholders, policy makers of high school education to identify the needs of mathematics teachers. That is to say, the skill sets, experience and expertise, as well as teaching equipment and classroom design and environment required by mathematics teachers. Future Research........................................................................................................................................................................................... More work needs to be done to check whether gender, age of the teachers have some effects on their attitude towards technology integration as well as evaluate the role played by choice of teaching methodology and teaching objectives.

Toward Unity among Environmentalists

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan G. Norton
Keyword(s):  
Resource Use ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
Special Interests ◽  
Unified Approach ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Control Growth

Today, six out of ten Americans describe themselves as "active" environmentalists or as "sympathetic" to the movement's concerns. The movement, in turn, reflects this millions-strong support in its diversity, encompassing a wide spectrum of causes, groups, and sometimes conflicting special interests. For far-sighted activists and policy makers, the question is how this diversity affects the ability to achieve key goals in the battle against pollution, erosion, and out-of-control growth. This insightful book offers an overview of the movement -- its past as well as its present -- and issues the most persuasive call yet for a unified approach to solving environmental problems. Focusing on examples from resource use, pollution control, protection of species and habitats, and land use, the author shows how the dynamics of diversity have actually hindered environmentalists in the past, but also how a convergence of these interests around forward-looking policies can be effected, despite variance in value systems espoused. The book is thus not only an assessment of today's movement, but a blueprint for action that can help pull together many different concerns under a common banner. Anyone interested in environmental issues and active approaches to their solution will find the author's observations both astute and creative.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Telesca Giuseppe
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Institutional Change ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
The Past ◽  
Final Goal ◽  
Social Structural ◽  
Country Analysis ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Over Time

The ambition of this book is to combine different bodies of scholarship that in the past have been interested in (1) providing social/structural analysis of financial elites, (2) measuring their influence, or (3) exploring their degree of persistence/circulation. The final goal of the volume is to investigate the adjustment of financial elites to institutional change, and to assess financial elites’ contribution to institutional change. To reach this goal, the nine chapters of the book introduced here look at financial elites’ role in different European societies and markets over time, and provide historical comparisons and country and cross-country analysis of their adaptation and contribution to the transformation of the national and international regulatory/cultural context in the wake of a crisis or in a longer term perspective.

Anti-corruption in History

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Global Media ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Human Wellbeing ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Legitimate Power ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Scant Attention ◽  
Over Time

Anticorruption in History is the first major collection of case studies on how past societies and polities, in and beyond Europe, defined legitimate power in terms of fighting corruption and designed specific mechanisms to pursue that agenda. It is a timely book: corruption is widely seen today as a major problem, undermining trust in government, financial institutions, economic efficiency, the principle of equality before the law and human wellbeing in general. Corruption, in short, is a major hurdle on the “path to Denmark”—a feted blueprint for stable and successful statebuilding. The resonance of this view explains why efforts to promote anticorruption policies have proliferated in recent years. But while the subjects of corruption and anticorruption have captured the attention of politicians, scholars, NGOs and the global media, scant attention has been paid to the link between corruption and the change of anticorruption policies over time and place. Such a historical approach could help explain major moments of change in the past as well as reasons for the success and failure of specific anticorruption policies and their relation to a country’s image (of itself or as construed from outside) as being more or less corrupt. It is precisely this scholarly lacuna that the present volume intends to begin to fill. A wide range of historical contexts are addressed, ranging from the ancient to the modern period, with specific insights for policy makers offered throughout.

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