HUBUNGAN KETUBAN PECAH DINI DENGAN KEJADIAN ASFIKSIA LITERATURE REVIEW: THE CORRELATION OF PREMATURE RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES (PROM) WITH THE INCIDENCE OF ASPHYXIA

Menurut Human Development Report tahun 2010 Ketuban Pecah Dini (KPD) di Indonesia berkisar 4,4-7,6% dari seluruh kehamilan dengan KPD berkisar antara 3-18% yang terjadi pada kehamilan preterm, sedangkan pada kehamilan aterm sekitar 8-10%. Menurut beberapa peneliti KPD dapat menyebabkan terjadinya asfiksia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan ketuban pecah dini dengan kejadian asfiksia. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah kepustakaan atau kajian literatur. Data penelitian ini berasal dari data sekunder, yaitu berasal dari beberapa sumber penelitian yang terdiri dari 25 sumber yang terdiri dari 7 jurnal ilmiah, 3 jurnal internasional, 5 skripsi/tesis, dan 10 buku. Pencarian sumber menggunakan google scholar, microsoft academic, media meneliti, and google. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa penyebab terjadinya asfiksia yang disebabkan oleh faktor langsung maupun faktor tidak langsung. Faktor langsung tersebut adalah KPD itu sendiri. Sedangkan, untuk faktor yang tidak langsung adalah CPD dan usia kehamilan. Sehingga asfiksia yang disebabkan kedua faktor tersebut dapat memperburuk keadaan terjadinya asfiksia. Dari salah satu penelitian dalam negeri oleh peneliti Anisa di daerah Kediri didapatkan angka kejadian asfiksia sebanyak 53% oleh ibu yang mengalami KPD. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dari dalam negeri dan luar negeri dengan rata-rata p value ?0,005, sehingga didapatkan kesimpulan terdapat hubungan antara ketuban pecah dini dengan kejadian asfiksia.

THE CONCEPT OF HUMAN SECURITY BEFORE THE 1994 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT. INQUIRY INTO ITS EVOLUTION DURING THE COLD WAR

It is usually considered that the concept of human security was introduced by the United Nations Development Programme with the publication in 1994 of the Human Development Report. Such a perspective on the emergence of this concept denies its existence during the Cold War and places its point of origin in the aftermath of that confrontation. However, there is also the opinion that human security was a term used during the Cold War, but that the meaning then attached to it lacks any relevancy for the meaning it has in the 1994 Human Development Report. This article contributes to the assessment of the viability of these different opinions by first exploring the use of the concept of human security by Niels Bohr in an open letter from 1950, and by Sithu U Thant, in a statement made in 1971, and secondly by comparing the meaning they gave to it with its meaning from the 1994 Human Development Report. It is concluded that both Bohr and U Thant operated with a concept of human security narrower in scope than the concept of human security which is to be found in the 1994 Human Development Report and, based on this finding, that the evolution of this concept started long before 1994.

मानवी विकास आणि सरकारी धोरण

UNDP first published the Human Development Report in 1990 in collaboration with economist Mehboob Haque, who is credited as the promoter of the VKP Index. The most important aspects of the CPI index are longevity, healthy living, educational attainment and quality of life, among others. Political independence, human rights testimony and self-respect are the various elements. That is. 1) Life expectancy at birth. 2) Level of education. (Rate of adult education, rate of primary, secondary, higher education) 3) The standard of living. (Lack of per capita based on NAC) The VKP index is averaged based on the maximum and minimum values of these three elements. According to the report, India was ranked 126th in the CPI index in 2006. In 2008, Maxine Olson, India's Representative to India, and Motek Singh Ahluwalia, Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission, published the Human Development Report in Delhi, which ranked India 128th and 619th. Compared to 2006, India has slipped two places. The National Human Development Report is published by the Government of India with the assistance of the Planning Commission. The Human Development Report was published in 2001. The Planning Commission, while preparing the National Human Development Report, relied on new indicators different from the NPC's VP indicators.

Education for just transitions: Lifelong learning and the 30th anniversary Human Development Report

The 30th anniversary Human Development Report, entitled The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene, was released by the United Nations Development Programme in December 2020. It marks an important step forward as a high-profile publication trying to radically re-think the challenge of sustainable development and revisit what it means to develop as human beings interconnected within earth systems. This article provides a critical reading of the report, and human development literature more widely, in assessing the role of lifelong learning in educating for just transitions, which it broadly understands as the transformation of all social systems, including economic systems, to bring them back into balance with earth systems in which they are embedded. The report maintains its trademark “human development lens” which has characterised the series since their inception in 1990. It prioritises consideration of capabilities, agency and values as central to the challenge, and opens up a discussion of how we need to change our understandings, values and actions, including what it means to be human, in order to effect just transitions towards sustainability. However, as the authors demonstrate, the report falls short of considering the lifelong learning challenge inherent and central to just transitions. The authors argue that the pressing challenge of responding to the climate emergency requires a richer understanding of how humans learn throughout their life course. In so doing, this article is a contribution to both the literature on education and human development, and the growing body of literature in the field of adult education and sustainability.

RELAÇÃO DA FAIXA DE IDH DOS PAÍSES COM A POPULAÇÃO VACINADA CONTRA COVID-19

Introdução: Segundo a OMS, a imunização é essencial na atenção primária à saúde e direito indiscutível ao ser humano, sendo vital no controle de surtos de doenças infecciosas. Ainda assim, muitas pessoas têm um acesso insatisfatório às vacinas. Um dos indicadores que utiliza o acesso à saúde, incluindo o acesso à vacinação, para medir a qualidade de vida em cada país é o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH). Em dezembro de 2020 se iniciaram as vacinas contra a COVID-19, visando a redução do impacto da pandemia atual. Entretanto, diversos países ainda não começaram a imunização. Objetivo: realizar um levantamento sobre a população totalmente vacinada contra o coronavírus mundialmente e correlacioná-la à faixa de IDH dos países. Material e Métodos: Foram analisados dados vacinais provenientes de autoridades de saúde do governo, como Centros de Controle e Prevenção de Doenças, quantificadas nas estatísticas globais da plataforma Google. Após, calculou-se a média da população totalmente vacinada, bem como a porcentagem desta em relação à população total de acordo com as faixas de IDH: Muito Alto, Alto, Médio ou Baixo, segundo o “Human Development Report 2020.” Resultados: Os dados de vacinação total foram obtidos até o presente momento somente de 46 países, 5 de IDH Alto (A) e 41 de IDH Muito Alto (MA): A - 184.716,8 mil pessoas (2,98% DP = 6.43) vacinadas/país; MA - 723.919,9 mil pessoas (2,25% DP = 4.6) vacinadas/país. Outros países também iniciaram a vacinação, porém não forneceram dados ou ainda não obtiveram esquemas vacinais completos. Conclusão: Observou-se uma velocidade maior da aplicação vacinal nos países com IDH mais elevado, expressa pelo número de nações e pela população vacinada. Os dados demonstram a necessidade de esforços para uma vacinação mais expressiva nos países de IDH mais baixo.

PENERAPAN MODEL REGRESI DATA PANEL : DETERMINAN KETIMPANGAN CAPAIAN PENDIDIKAN DI KAWASAN TIMUR INDONESIA (KTI) 2015-2019

Pendidikan menjadi faktor penting dalam pembentukan modal manusia. Pendidikan yang berkualitas dan merata akan meningkatkan modal manusia, memperluas kesempatan kerja dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Salah satu indikator yang dapat digunakan untuk menilai kualitas pendidikan yakni rata-rata lama sekolah (RLS). Indonesia dalam Human Development Report 2019 berada di peringkat terendah di antara negara anggota ASEAN 5 untuk RLS. Jika dikaji lebih lanjut berdasarkan kawasan maka KTI memiliki RLS yang lebih rendah dari RLS KBI dan RLS nasional. Jika masalah kualitas pendidikan dan tidak meratanya pendidikan di Indonesia khususnya di KTI tidak segera diatasi, maka 90 persen masyarakat miskin yang bertempat tinggal di Indonesia (bersama Filipina) khususnya di KTI akan terus terjerat dalam lingkaran kemiskinan karena tidak mampu meningkatkan kesejahteraan hidupnya.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi panel untuk menjelaskan determinan ketimpangan capaian pendidikan di KTI. Jenis data yang digunakan berupa data panel dengan cross-section sebanyak 17 provinsi dari tahun 2015-2019. Berdasarkan hasil regresi dengan metode estimasi FGLS/SUR diperoleh bahwa investasi, distribusi guru dan akses pendidikan berpengaruh negatif signifikan, sedangkan remaja menikah muda dan ketimpangan distribusi pendapatan berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap ketimpangan capaian pendidikan.

To Rank or Not to Rank with Indices? That Is the Question

Ranking countries via index-based league tables is now commonplace and is said by its proponents to provide countries with an ability to compare performance with their peers, spurring them to learn from others and make improvements. The Human Development Index (HDI) is arguably one of the most influential indices of its type in terms of reporting within the media and influence on development policy and funding allocation. It is often used as part of a suite of indices to assess sustainability. The index was first published in the Human Development Report (HDR) of 1990 and has appeared in each of the HDRs published since then. This paper reports the first research of its type designed to explore the impacts of methodological changes over 28 years (1991 to 2018) on the ranks of a sample of 135 countries appearing in the HDRs. Results suggest that methodological changes in the HDI have had a statistically significant impact on the ranking of the majority (82%) of countries in the sample, and the ranks of countries that tend to appear towards the top, middle, or bottom of the HDI league table are just as likely to be influenced by changes in HDI methodology. The paper suggests that after nearly 30 years of the HDI, there is an urgent need for independent and empirical research on the changes that it has helped bring about.