GIS & Remote Sensing Based Morphometric Parameters and Topographic Changes of the Lower Orashi River in Niger Delta

In watershed hydrology, the morphometric features of a river basin are vital to examine the lower Orashi River basin morphological and hydrological aspects, as well as its flood potential, based on their morphometric characteristics using remotely sensed SRTM data that was analyzed with ArcGIS software. The areal, linear, and relief aspects of the Orashi River basin were examined as morphometric parameters. The lower Orashi river basin, according to the findings, has a total size of 625.61 km2 and a perimeter of 307.98 km, with a 5th order river network based on Strahler categorization and a dendritic drainage pattern. Because of low drainage density, the drainage texture is very fine, the relief is low, and the slope is very low. Bifurcation ratio, circularity ratio, drainage density aspect ratio, form factor, and stream frequency values indicate that the basin is less elongated and would produce surface runoff for a longer period, while topographic changes show that the river is decreasing with depth in the land area at about the same elevation as a result of sand deposited due to lack of maintenance by dredging, which implies that the basin is morphometrically elevated and sensitive to erosion and flooding. To understand geohydrological features and to plan and manage watersheds, morphometric analysis based on geographic information systems and remote sensing techniques is beneficial.

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Estimation of Morphometric Parameters of Karatoya sub-River Basin in Bangladesh using GIS and Remote Sensing Techniques

Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources ◽

10.33002/nr2581.6853.03036 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 73-89

Author(s):

Muhammad Jasim Uddin ◽

Md. Abu Hamjalal Babu ◽

Md. Risadul Islam ◽

Fahim Farzana ◽

Most. Lata Khatun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

River Basin ◽

Morphometric Analysis ◽

Secondary Data ◽

River Network ◽

Morphometric Parameters ◽

Drainage Pattern ◽

Gis And Remote Sensing ◽

Fine Grain ◽

Drainage Texture

Morphometric analysis identifies the relationship of various aspects in the basin area, and plays an important role for understanding the geo-hydrological characteristics of a basin. The Karatoya River is ecologically and economically significant for Dinajpur region of Bangladesh. In this study, the morphometry of a sub-portion of Karatoya River in Birganj upazila was assessed by using GIS and remote sensing. The secondary data from ASTER DEM data and DEM data of Bangladesh were used to represent the morphologic and geo-hydrologic nature of the basin. The study computed and assessed more than 31 morphometric parameters in all aspects of the river basin. Morphometric analysis of the river network and the basin revealed that the Karatoya sub-basin was in the 6th order river network (as Strahler’s classification) with a dendritic and parallel drainage pattern and fine grain in drainage texture. This type of analysis will lead to develop the sustainable framework for agricultural and watershed management to be used by the local administration.

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Evaluation of Erosion-Prone Areas in Lamurde River Basin, Nigeria Using Morphometric Prioritization Method

Journal of Geography Environment and Earth Science International ◽

10.9734/jgeesi/2021/v25i830301 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 17-31

Author(s):

E. D. Oruonye ◽

Y. M. Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Soil Erosion ◽

River Basin ◽

Drainage Basin ◽

Remote Sensing And Gis ◽

Parent Material ◽

Morphometric Parameters ◽

Drainage Pattern ◽

Order Stream ◽

Main Trunk

Remote sensing and GIS techniques have been increasingly used in characterization of drainage basin and prioritization of erosion prone watershed. This study uses remote sensing and GIS to characterise drainage basin morphometry and prioritize soil erosion prone sub watershed in the Lamurde watershed in Taraba state Nigeria. The study adopted standard formulae and methods to compute the morphometric parameters. The Lamurde watershed was delineated to fifteen sub-watersheds with each coded as WS1 to WS15. The result of the findings reveals that Lamurde watershed has a dendritic to sub-dendritic drainage pattern with the smaller streams intersecting the main trunk at acute angles. The findings reveal that Lamurde is a ninth order stream with total area of 1,458.66 km2 and a perimeter of 395.93 km. The basin also has 258,493 total number of streams. The main soil types in the Lamurde basin are fluvisol, lithosol, ferric luvisols and humic nitosols. The surface soil texture of the area is mainly loamy type and particle size classes are fine loamy type. Depth of soil varies from shallow to very deep and having parent material derived from sandstones, mudstones and shales. The findings of the study reveals that watershed: WS7, WS8, WS5, WS11, WS15, WS14, WS2 and WS6 in ascending order are very highly vulnerable to soil erosion. Despite inherent limitation in the use of morphometric parameters to prioritize erosion prone sub watersheds, it is most suitable in the present circumstances because of inadequate information and lack of functional measurement station in the basin, since they have more stable and accessible data on which prioritization of the watersheds can be based on. This study contributes to the problem of dearth of information regarding the susceptibility to erosion in the Lamurde River Basin in Taraba State Nigeria. Based on this findings, these sub watersheds should be given higher priority on any soil conservation intervention measures in the study area. This will go a long way to help address the problem of soil erosion in the area.

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Terrain Attributes and Drainage Texture as Indicators of Landslide Occurrence in a Part of Garhwal Himalaya, India

Journal of Nepal Geological Society ◽

10.3126/jngs.v11i0.32804 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

A. K. Awasthi ◽

S. H. Tabatabaei ◽

Bhawani Singh ◽

G. S. Mehrotra

Keyword(s):

Structural Features ◽

Drainage Density ◽

Morphometric Parameters ◽

Morphometric Parameter ◽

Areal Extent ◽

Landslide Area ◽

Third Order ◽

Terrain Attributes ◽

Stream Frequency ◽

Drainage Texture

Slope movement processes along with other terrain attributes influence surface morphology of an area. Correlation analysis of nineteen morphometric parameters and the landslide areal extent in 26 third order basins in a part of Garhwal region of the Lesser Himalaya, U.P. India, indicates that fraction of landslide area (Ls) in a basin has statistically significant correlation coefficient of about 0.86, 0.84, 0.68 and -0.55 (at 99% confidence level) with drainage texture (DT), stream frequency (SF), drainage density (DD) and basin circularity (BC) respectively. Drainage texture which is the product of stream frequency and drainage density, is one single morphometric parameter in a basin that has in it, the influence of many morphometric parameters which in turn, are reflection of the cumulative effect of elevation, slope, lithology, structural features, vegetation and hydrological condition. Higher the drainage texture, higher is the landslide areal extent. Based on regression analysis, a relationship between fraction of landslide area (Ls) and drainage texture (DT) of third order basin has been worked out which suggests that the third order basins always have some unstable slope faces. With a drainage texture of about 185, almost all the slopes are expected to be unstable. Relatively stable areas are associated with lower values of drainage texture. Circular basins with low relief have lower values of DT and therefore, their slopes are relatively more stable. This identified relationship is found to be useful within the error limit of 25 percent and is, therefore, recommended for use as a first step towards the landslide hazard zonation in similar terrains.

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Morphometric and Sinuosity Analysis of Tlawng River Basin: A Geographic Information System Approach

Journal of Geographical Studies ◽

10.21523/gcj5.21050103 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 22-32

Author(s):

David Lalramchulloa ◽

Ch Udaya Bhaskra Rao ◽

P. Rinawma

Keyword(s):

River Basin ◽

Drainage Density ◽

Alluvial Plain ◽

Morphometric Parameters ◽

Positive Relation ◽

Vegetative Cover ◽

Bifurcation Ratio ◽

Sinuosity Index ◽

Stream Frequency ◽

And Behavior

Channel plan-form patterns of river Tlawng has been studied which shows that there is variation in the sinuosity index. This variation is a sign of changing characteristics and behavior of the river. The average sinuosity of the river is 1.41. The sinuosity index is higher in the lower course of the river as it flows through alluvial plain. GIS techniques have been used for studying morphometric parameters. There are 6736 streams in the Tlawng river basin which shows that the topography is still undergoing erosion as the number of stream is high (Zaidi, 2011). The river has low bifurcation ratio which indicates less possibilities of flooding. The drainage density indicates the higher permeable subsoil and moderate to thick vegetative cover. The stream frequency value of the Tlawng river basin is 1.30 streams / km2 which shows a positive relation with drainage density.

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Hydrologic behaviour of Tapi river catchment using morphometric analysis

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v6i2.480 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 442-450 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vishal K. Ingle ◽

A. K. Mishra ◽

A. Sarangi ◽

D. K. Singh ◽

V. K. Seghal

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Morphometric Analysis ◽

Remote Sensing Data ◽

Drainage Density ◽

Drainage Network ◽

Elongation Ratio ◽

Drainage Pattern ◽

River Catchment ◽

Seventh Order ◽

Drainage Texture

The study area Tapi River catchment covers 63,922.91 Sq.Km comprising of 5 five Sub-catchments: Purna river catchment (18,473.6 sq.km) Upper Tapi catchment (10,530.3 sq. km), Middle Tapi catchment (4,997.3 sq km), Girna river catchment (10,176.9 sq.km) and lower Tapi catchment (19,282.5 sq.km.). The drainage network of 5 Sub-catchments was delineated using remote sensing data. The morphometric analysis of 5 Sub-catchments has been carried out using GIS softwares – ArcMap. The drainage network showed that the terrain exhibits dendritic to sub-dendritic drainage pattern. Stream orders ranged from sixth to seventh order. Drainage density varied between 0.39 and 0.43km/ km2and had very coarse to coarse drainage texture. The relief ratio ranged from 0.003 to 0.007. The mean bifurcation ratio varied from 4.24 to 6.10 and falls under normal basin category. The elongation ratio showed that all catchment elongated pattern. Thus, the remote sensing techniques proved to be a competent tool in morphometric analysis.

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