scholarly journals Factors impacting Catecholamines in Caregivers of Patients with Dementia

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akemi Hirano ◽  
Yusuke Suzuki ◽  
Toshio Hayashi ◽  
Koichiro Ina ◽  
Joji Onishi
Keyword(s):  
Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Dementia Patients ◽  
Living Together ◽  
Activation System ◽  
Elderly Caregivers ◽  
Catecholamine Levels ◽  
Noradrenaline Levels

Background: Caregivers of dementia patients have significantly higher levels of serum IL-6 and CRP compared to non-caregivers, and the accumulation of everyday stressors reportedly promotes the induction of inflammatory markers. However, few studies have identified factors that affect catecholamine levels in caregivers who experience a combination of physical and mental stress from caregiving.Purpose: This study aimed to identify physical factors that impact catecholamine levels in caregivers of dementia patients.Methods: Participants were elderly caregivers living together with elderly Alzheimer’s-type dementia patients. We performed logistic regression analysis, with levels of adrenaline, noradrenaline, and dopamine (indicators of catecholamine) as dependent variables.Results: Caregiver BMI had a significant impact on adrenaline levels (OR: 0.792; 95%CI: 0.654-0.960) and noradrenaline levels (OR: 1.210; 95%CI: 1.009-1.451), whereas age had a significant impact on dopamine levels (OR: 1.162; 95%CI: 1.019-1.324).Discussion: While caregiver BMI significantly impacted adrenaline and noradrenaline levels, the mechanism underlying these relationships is unclear. One possibility is that obesity (BMI) and a rise in sympathetic nerve activity contributed to hypertension. Our findings suggest that chronic stress in elderly caregivers may potentially impair the dopaminergic activation system in the brain.Conclusion: There is a need to identify factors which increase BMI in caregivers. Future studies aimed at gaining a better understanding of the lifestyle habits of caregivers and intervention studies aimed at reducing their BMI are warranted.

scholarly journals Advances in Enhanced Menaquinone-7 Production From Bacillus subtilis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaoyong Liao ◽  
Hammed Ayansola ◽  
Yanbo Ma ◽  
Koichi Ito ◽  
Yuming Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Chemical Synthesis ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Vitamin K2 ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Biofilm Reactors ◽  
Nutraceutical Compounds ◽  
Activation System ◽  
Crispr Activation

The production of nutraceutical compounds through biosynthetic approaches has received considerable attention in recent years. For example, Menaquinone-7 (MK-7), a sub-type of Vitamin K2, biosynthesized from Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), proved to be more efficiently produced than the conventional chemical synthesis techniques. This is possible due to the development of B. subtilis as a chassis cell during the biosynthesis stages. Hence, it is imperative to provide insights on the B. subtilis membrane permeability modifications, biofilm reactors, and fermentation optimization as advanced techniques relevant to MK-7 production. Although the traditional gene-editing method of homologous recombination improves the biosynthetic pathway, CRISPR-Cas9 could potentially resolve the drawbacks of traditional genome editing techniques. For these reasons, future studies should explore the applications of CRISPRi (CRISPR interference) and CRISPRa (CRISPR activation) system gene-editing tools in the MK-7 anabolism pathway.

scholarly journals Sympathetic and cardiovascular responses to glossopharyngeal insufflation in trained apnea divers

2010 ◽  
Vol 109 (6) ◽  
pp. 1728-1735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karsten Heusser ◽  
Gordan Dzamonja ◽  
Toni Breskovic ◽  
Craig D. Steinback ◽  
André Diedrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Intrathoracic Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Men 2 ◽  
Lung Packing

Glossopharyngeal insufflation (lung packing) is a common maneuver among experienced apnea divers by which additional air is pumped into the lungs. It has been shown that packing may compromise cardiovascular homeostasis. We tested the hypothesis that the packing-mediated increase in intrathoracic pressure enhances the baroreflex-mediated increase in muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) in response to an exaggerated drop in cardiac output (CO). We compared changes in hemodynamics and MSNA (peroneal microneurography) during maximal breath-holds without and with prior moderate packing (0.79 ± 0.40 liters) in 14 trained divers (12 men, 2 women, 26.7 ± 4.5 yr, body mass index 24.8 ± 2.4 kg/m2). Packing did not change apnea time (3.8 ± 1.0 vs. 3.8 ± 1.2 min), hemoglobin oxygen desaturation (−17.6 ± 12.3 vs. −18.7 ± 12.8%), or the reduction in CO (1 min: −3.65 ± 1.83 vs. −3.39 ± 1.96 l/min; end of apnea: −2.44 ± 1.33 vs. −2.16 ± 1.44 l/min). On the other hand, packing dampened the early, i.e., 1-min increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP, 1 min: 9.2 ± 8.3 vs. 2.4 ± 11.0 mmHg, P < 0.01) and in total peripheral resistance (relative TPR, 1 min: 2.1 ± 0.5 vs. 1.9 ± 0.5, P < 0.05) but it augmented the concomitant rise in MSNA (1 min: 28.0 ± 11.7 vs. 39.4 ± 12.7 bursts/min, P < 0.001; 32.8 ± 16.4 vs. 43.9 ± 14.8 bursts/100 heart beats, P < 0.01; 3.3 ± 2.1 vs. 4.8 ± 3.2 au/min, P < 0.05). We conclude that the early sympathoactivation 1 min into apnea after moderate packing is due to mechanisms other than excessive reduction in CO. We speculate that lower MAP despite increased MSNA after packing might be explained by vasodilator substances released by the lungs. This idea should be addressed in future studies.

Measurement of Physiological Monitor Alarm Accuracy and Clinical Relevance in Intensive Care Units

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halley Ruppel ◽  
Marjorie Funk ◽  
Robin Whittemore
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Contextual Data ◽  
Alarm Fatigue ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Monitor Alarms

Background Alarm fatigue threatens patient safety by delaying or reducing clinician response to alarms, which can lead to missed critical events. Interventions to reduce alarms without jeopardizing patient safety target either inaccurate or clinically irrelevant alarms, so assessment of alarm accuracy and clinical relevance may enhance the rigor of alarm intervention studies done in clinical units. Objectives To (1) examine approaches used to measure accuracy and/or clinical relevance of physiological monitor alarms in intensive care units and (2) compare the proportions of inaccurate and clinically irrelevant alarms. Methods An integrative review was used to systematically search the literature and synthesize resulting articles. Results Twelve studies explicitly measuring alarm accuracy and/or clinical relevance on a clinical unit were identified. In the most rigorous studies, alarms were annotated retrospectively by obtaining alarm data and parameter waveforms rather than being annotated in real time. More than half of arrhythmia alarms in recent studies were inaccurate. However, contextual data were needed to determine alarms’ clinical relevance. Proportions of clinically irrelevant alarms were high, but definitions of clinically irrelevant alarms often included inaccurate alarms. Conclusions Future studies testing interventions on clinical units should include alarm accuracy and/or clinical relevance as outcome measures. Arrhythmia alarm accuracy should improve with advances in technology. Clinical interventions should focus on reducing clinically irrelevant alarms, with careful consideration of how clinical relevance is defined and measured.

scholarly journals Soy Isoflavones and Breast Cancer

2013 ◽  
pp. 102-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna H. Wu ◽  
Eunjung Lee ◽  
Cheryl Vigen
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Soy Isoflavones ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Soy Isoflavone ◽  
Breast Cancer Development ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Breast Tissues

The soybean and its products have been a staple in the Asian diet for centuries. Although intake of soy remains low in most Western populations, the use of soy isoflavone supplements has become commonplace, and an increasing number of food products contain soy ingredients. This review will present an updated summary of the observational results on soy isoflavones and risk of breast cancer development and outcome in patients with breast cancer. Results from soy intervention studies that have specifically examined the effects of soy on breast cell proliferation in breast tissues will be discussed. We will conclude by highlighting gaps in our knowledge on soy and breast cancer and issues that need to be addressed in future studies.

scholarly journals Spatio-Temporal Distribution and Characterization of Microplastic Pollution in The Three Main Freshwater Systems (Aksu and Köprü Streams, Manavgat River) And Fishing Grounds Located in Their Vicinities in The Antalya Bay

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (Special Issue) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olgaç Guven
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Freshwater Systems ◽  
The World ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Microplastic pollution is one of the pressing environmental issues over the world that pose risks to aquatic ecosystems and humans. Significant amount of anthropogenic plastic litter known to be transported with freshwater systems to marine environment. The aim of the present study is to reveal the abundance and spatio-temporal distribution of MPs pollution in the three main freshwater systems (Aksu and Köprü Streams, Manavgat River), located through the costal line of the Antalya Bay. 106 water samples obtained from these three freshwater systems and fishing grounds located in the vicinities of these systems were evaluated. A total of 2444 MPs with a mean size of 1777.16±1168.81 µm detected within these samples. A homogeneous MPs pollution was observed in the area. Four colours (Black-27.3%, White-19.4%, Red18.7% and Blue-16.2%) found to composed more than 80% of the detected MPs. Majority of MPs detected within the framework of the study were fiber (57.1%) and fragment (32.6%). Most common polymer type was Polyproplene-(PP) with 50%. Results obtained from this study have the potential to form the basis for future studies that take into account the terrestrial use and the prevailing physical factors in the region in the study area.

Perceived Control and Adaptation in Elder Caregivers: Development of an Explanatory Model

1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret I. Wallhagen
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Control ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Coping Behavior ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Path Model ◽  
Indirect Relationship ◽  
Elder Caregivers ◽  
Elderly Caregivers

Perceived control has been implicated in the adaptation and well-being of older adults and may be especially relevant to elder caregivers. However, few studies have investigated perceived control within the individual's unique personal, social, and environmental context. This study tested a model representing the hypothesis that perceived control, defined as the perception that salient or valued aspects of one's life are manageable, mediates the objective and subjective aspects of caregiving and caregiver adaptation. Sixty elderly caregivers ranging in age from sixty to eighty-four (M = 69.4) were interviewed. Perceived control had a direct relationship with life satisfaction and depression, and an indirect relationship with subjective symptoms of stress. Wishful thinking coping behavior had a negative relationship with all adaptation variables. Findings are discussed in relation to further refinement and development of a theoretical approach to caregiver research and intervention studies in light of the obtained path model.

Systematic Review of Intervention Studies Using Isoflavone Supplements and Proposal for Future Studies

2005 ◽  
pp. 88-106
Author(s):  
Shaw Watanabe ◽  
Xing-Gang Zhuo ◽  
Melissa K. Melby ◽  
Naoko Ishiwata ◽  
Mituru Kimira
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Future Studies

scholarly journals WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED FROM EXPEDITION III AND EPOCH TRIALS? PERSPECTIVE OF THE CTAD TASK FORCE

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
P.S. Aisen ◽  
E. Siemers ◽  
D. Michelson ◽  
S. Salloway ◽  
C. Sampaio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Development Strategies ◽  
Targeted Treatment ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Outcome Assessments ◽  
Amyloid Hypothesis ◽  
Dementia Patients ◽  
The Eu

Although the results were disappointing from two recent clinical trials of amyloid-targeting drugs in mild-to-moderate AD, the trials provided information that will be important for future studies, according to the EU-US CTAD Task Force, which met in November 2017 to discuss the EXPEDITION3 and EPOCH trials. These trials tested two of the predominant drug development strategies for AD: amyloid immunotherapy and BACE inhibition in populations largely composed of mild AD dementia patients. The results of these trials support the emerging consensus that effective amyloid-targeted treatment will require intervention in early, even pre-symptomatic stages of the disease. Further, the Task Force suggested that a refinement of the amyloid hypothesis may be needed and that other hypotheses should be more fully explored. In addition, they called for improved biomarkers and other outcome assessments to detect the earliest changes in the development of AD.

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