Les enjeux de la formation continue des enseignants dans les Centres Régionaux des Métiers de l’Education et de la Formation (CRMEF) au Maroc

La formation continue des enseignants au Maroc a pris des formes multiples et diversifiées sur le plan organisationnel et fonctionnel. Aussi le recours à la formation continue reste-t-il, malgré tout, faible et n’atteint généralement pas les résultats escomptés. Actuellement, les CRMEF[1] sont les seules entités chargées de la formation du personnel du MEN[2] (enseignants, administrateurs, techniciens…). Cette mission, parmi d’autres, attribuée aux CRMEF est dans sa phase d’implémentation. En effet, la formation continue des enseignants, qui constitue la mission phare des CRMEF, n’a pas encore pris l’élan qu’il faut. S’agit-il d’un blocage institutionnel, financier, ou pédagogique ? Rappelons que, selon le décret en vigueur, les CRMEF et les AREF[3] doivent coordonner entre eux pour réaliser cette mission. Or, il est plus facile de dire que de faire. Nous allons montrer à travers l’expérimentation du dispositif de formation continue de la langue française durant l’année scolaire 2014/2015, l’importance de la prise en compte de certaines dispositions notamment : la qualité du dispositif de formation, le type de motivation attendu par les bénéficiaires, le processus de changement des représentations des concernés, pour garantir une formation qui pourrait avoir un impact positif sur le système. La nature de la nouvelle formule de formation est permanente, hebdomadaire et assurée au CRMEF selon un créneau horaire négocié. [1] Les centres régionaux des métiers de l’Education et de la Formation. [2] Ministère de l’Education Nationale et de la Formation professionnelle. [3] Académie Régionale de l’Education et la Formation.

Germline RET Leu56Met Variant Is Likely Not Causative of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2

Activating variants in the receptor tyrosine kinase REarranged during Transfection (RET) cause multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN 2), an autosomal dominantly inherited cancer-susceptibility syndrome. The variant c.166C>A, p.Leu56Met in RET was recently reported in two patients with medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). The presence of a pheochromocytoma in one of the patients, suggested a possible pathogenic role of the variant in MEN 2A. Here, we present clinical follow up of a Danish RET Leu56Met cohort. Patients were evaluated for signs of MEN 2 according to a set of predefined criteria. None of the seven patients in our cohort exhibited evidence of MEN 2. Furthermore, we found the Leu56Met variant in our in-house diagnostic cohort with an allele frequency of 0.59%, suggesting that it is a common variant in the population. Additionally, none of the patients who harbored the allele were listed in the Danish MTC and MEN 2 registries. In conclusion, our findings do not support a pathogenic role of the Leu56Met variant in MEN 2.

Electrocardiographic (ECG) Characteristics among Malaysian Athletes

The electrocardiogram (ECG) is a graphic representation of the heart's electrical activity. Although it has some limitations as a diagnostic or prognostic tool, it contains a wealth of information necessary for the proper care of a patient with a potential cardiovascular disease. Understanding the ECG changes among athletes would allow medical practitioners to distinguish between normal physiological adaptations and abnormal changes. However, there is limited data on the ECG characteristics among multi-ethnic athletes such as in Malaysia. This study aimed to determine the ECG characteristics and its associated factors among Malaysian national athletes. Malaysian national athletes annual pre-participation medical records were retrieved. Information on sociodemographic, sports and medical history including the 12-lead resting ECG tracings were extracted. ECG were assessed and categorised into normal, physiological adaptation changes, and abnormal ECG using the standardised ‘Seattle criteria’. Differences in ECG characteristics between genders, ethnic background, and type of sports was investigated. Additionally, factors associated with the ECG characteristics were assessed using multiple logistic regression. Majority of Malaysian national athletes had physiological adaptation ECG changes (61%). The most frequent changes were early repolarization, sinus bradycardia and isolated left ventricular hypertrophy. We found significantly higher prevalence of physiological adaptation changes among men (÷2(2,371) = 18.9; p = 0.001) and athletes of Chinese ethnicity (both genders) (÷2(2,356) = 13.8; p = 0.002). Factors associated with physiological ECG changes were men (OR=2.67; 95% CI= 1.68, 4.27; p<0.001) and Chinese ethnicity (OR=2.92; 95% CI=1.68, 4.27; p=0.039). Most athletes had physiological adaptation ECG changes which were significantly associated with male gender and Chinese ethnicity. This information would facilitate the development of a specific guideline in interpreting ECG among Malaysian athletes.

Sexual Behaviours and Sexual Health Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in Britain: A Latent Class Analysis of The Natsal-3

Objectives: Population-representative studies of the sexual health of middle-aged and older adults are lacking in aging societies. This study aimed to identify latent patterns of sexual behaviours and health of people aged 45-74. Methods: We conducted a latent class analysis of the National Attitudes and Sexual Lifestyles Survey (Natsal-3), a nationally representative survey conducted in Britain in 2011. Results: Of the 5260 respondents aged 45-74, 49% of men and 45% of women belonged to the Content Caseys class who reported good sexual health. The Infrequent Indigos (31% of men, 44% of women) were characterized by a lack of sexual activity, reported some dissatisfaction, and were more likely to have a disability. The Low-Functioning Lees (12% of men, 8% of women) reported some more disability and had issues with sexual functioning and higher levels of distress. The Multiple-Partnered Morgans (9% of men, 2% of women) were characterized by a greater number of sexual partners and several risk behaviours. Conclusions: The use of these four classes can aid in improved targeting of tailored sexual health services to improve sexual function, sexual satisfaction, reduce distress and risky behaviours among middle-aged and older adults. These services should be inclusive of the disabled community.

Overview of the Updated Evidence of Multiple Endocrinal Neoplasia (MEN) in Children and Adolescents

MEN syndromes are a collection of autosomal dominant disease including MEN 1 and MEN 2. Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndromes are infrequent inherited disorders in which more than one endocrine glands develop noncancerous (benign) or cancerous (malignant) tumors or grow excessively without forming tumors. There are 3 famous and well-known forms of MEN syndromes (MEN 1, MEN 2A, and MEN 2B) and a newly documented one (MEN4). These syndromes are infrequent and occurred in all ages and both men and women. MEN1 is the most often happening form of MENs. The information of MEN’s genetic alterations and the connection among genotype and phenotype could be beneficial for MEN disease management. (MEN1) implicated IN primarily by tumors of the parathyroid glands, endocrine gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) tract and anterior pituitary. Before MEN-1 can be diagnosed it must be suspected, genetic screening for MEN-1 is recommended when an individual has 2 or more MEN-1 related tumors, MEN2 associates with medullary thyroid carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, and primaryhype- rparathyroidism. MEN2A and MEN2B should be suspected in any patient diagnosed with MTC or pheochromocytoma, particularly when the age of presentation is very young (younger than 35), the genetic testing for RET proto-oncogene is employed to diagnose and identify a specific type of mutation present. Treatment is mainly surgical in most cases of multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome.

The role in agricultural decision making in the upper Citarum watershed, Indonesia

Women as a labor force share a significant role in farming, included in the most degraded Citarum watershed, Steep slopes, soil sensitivity to landslides, erosion, and relatively high rainfall are the limiting factors that are dangerous for farmers, especially for female workers participating in farming activities to support the family economy. However, the role and remuneration system for women in farming, in general, has not received serious attention. This paper aims to analyze the role of women and the factors influencing decision-making in farming activities. The research was conducted in the upstream area of the Citarum watershed in 2 districts, namely Bandung and West Bandung, in 2019. A total of 499 sample farm households were randomly selected. The data were analyzed statistically and descriptively. The results show (1) women participate in almost all agricultural activities except irrigation, but at the same activity and working time get lower wages than men; (2) there are differences of opinion between women and men regarding the roles in the decision-making process of farming activities. According to men, they play a more dominant role, while women prioritize joint roles without being dominant. The results also show that age, education, and experience of women in farming do not directly affect decision-making as long as not impacted to income, but affect women’s role and decision-making process in input use. Increasing women’s knowledge and skills are the keys to accelerate their participation and role in family decision-making in the agricultural sector.

Two Sequences Variations of the E768D Mutation Found in Familial Medullary Thyroid Carcinomas

Medullary thyroid cancer or MTC is present in sporadic form (75% of cases) and in familial form (25% of cases), in this latter situation, the MTC is a part of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 2 (MEN 2). The MEN2 is divided into MEN2A, MEN2B and FMTC or isolated familial MTC. The MEN2 are rare hereditary disease, transmitted as an autosomal dominant mode, linked to mutations of the RET gene. The discovery of a mutation in the RET proto-oncogene by molecular biology techniques in a index case of MTC confirms the diagnosis of familial and allows the genetic testing of healthy clinically related index case: those who carry the genetic mutation, will be offered prophylactic thyroidectomy before any biological or clinical manifestation. The genetic analysis of the RET gene was performed by PCR / sequencing. The E768D mutation was found in the exon 13 of the RET gene in 2 differences sequences forms (GAG/GAC et GAG/GAT). This mutation, already described, found in the FMTC.

KHẢO SÁT QUY TRÌNH LÊN MEN NƯỚC THANH LONG RUỘT TRẮNG (SELENICEREUS UNDATUS) SỬ DỤNG NẤM MEN SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE RV100

Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện nhằm khảo sát quy trình lên men nước thanh long bằng chủng nấm men Saccharomyces cerevisiae RV100. Các giá trị pH là 3,8; 4,2; 4,6, ºBrix là 18; 20; 22, 24 cùng với mật số chủng nấm men là 1, 2, 3% và thời gian lên men ở 0, 72 và 96 giờ được lựa chọn để thực hiện thí nghiệm. Bên cạnh đó thanh long cũng được kiểm tra về hàm lượng nước và hàm lượng chất khô hòa tan trước khi lên men. Ngoài ra, các điều kiện bảo quản nước ép thanh long sau lên men bao gồm: nhiệt độ phòng và nhiệt độ ngăn mát tủ lạnh trong thời gian 0, 3, và 6 ngày cũng được nghiên cứu. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy thanh long có hàm lượng nước cao đến 90,11%, và nước ép thanh long lên men tốt ở 72 giờ với mật số chủng nấm men 2% , 22 °Brix và pH 4,6. Nước ép thanh long sau lên men được bảo quản tốt hơn ở nhiệt độ ngăn mát tủ lạnh trong thời gian 3 ngày với hàm lượng chất khô hòa tan còn sót lại là 15,67 ºBrix, pH 4,11 và hàm lượng ethanol là 3,0%.

547 - BDNF and cognitive function in Alzheimer’s disease

Relevance:Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative pathology that develops mainly in elderly and senile people.Disruption of BDNF transport or suppression of its production appears to be typical for people of old age. Objective: To investigate the influence of Alzheimer’s disease on the secretion of brain factors and correlate with neuropsychological profiles.Material and methods of research:12 men (2) and women (10) with Alzheimer’s disease were examined. The average age of the subjects was 76.25 + 4.89. Methods: MMSE, ADAS-COG, laboratory - BDNF was performed using the G7611 BDNF Emax (R) ImmunoAssaySystem 5 x 96 wells, BDNF Emax® Immunological test.Results:2 patients have mild dementia, 8 patients have moderate dementia, 2 patients have severe dementia. The average age of patients with mild dementia was 72.0 + 1.0. The average MMSE score is 16.7 + 3.4. Correlation analysis showed a close relationship between a pronounced decrease in memory in memory tests (ADAS-COG) and a pronounced decrease in blood BDNF content (r = 0.676). A close statistically significant relationship was found between a low result of the recognition test and a low blood BDNF content (r = 0.598).Conclusion:we assume that blood BDNF is a marker of pathologically accelerated aging of the central nervous system, since low test results for mnestic function are an indicator of severe degeneration in Alzheimer’s disease.

Evaluation of Acoustic Reflex Thresholds in COVID-19 Patients With Taste Disorders

Objective: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, can result in persistent loss of taste and smell. This study was performed to assess acoustic reflex threshold (ART) in patients with taste disorders caused by SARS-CoV-2. Material and Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 11 patients (9 men, 2 women; average age = 22.3 years) with a history of COVID-19 and had complaints of taste disorder and sensitivity to loud sounds. The control group consisted of 13 healthy participants (10 men, 3 women; average age = 23.4 years). Anamnesis, neuro-otological, ear, nose and throat, and eye examinations, as well as a taste test, pure tone audiometry, speech discrimination test, and impedance audiometry were performed in all participants. Results: All participants in the study group had a negative taste test result. In addition, ART values were significantly higher in the study group than the control group at all frequencies. Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 could be a neurotropic virus that can cause facial nerve neuropathy.