scholarly journals DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF SOLAR ENERGYPOWERD GROUNDWATER PUMPING SYSTEM FOR IRRIGATION FARM IN DESERT

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-83
Author(s):  
Ahmed J. Ghazi ◽  
◽  
Fatih Korkmaz ◽  
Amel Ahmed ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Pumping ◽  
Pumping System

Groundwater lowering for construction of the Kilsby Tunnel – pumping and tunnelling

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Mike Chrimes ◽  
Martin Preene
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Unusual Feature ◽  
Groundwater Pumping ◽  
Pumping Rate ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Pumping System ◽  
Buried Channel ◽  
Tunnel Alignment ◽  
Groundwater Lowering

The Kilsby Tunnel, constructed in the 1830s under the direction of Robert Stephenson, faced severe problems when a section of the tunnel, almost 400 m long, was driven through water-bearing unstable ‘quicksand’ conditions. Contemporary methods were not well suited to tunnelling through such conditions, and in previous decades, several canal tunnels had been planned to specifically divert around expected ‘bad ground’, and others took years to complete at great expense. Stephenson’s team, drawing on their experience from the mining industry, did not take this approach and ultimately worked through the unstable ground, albeit with considerable delays and cost increases. This was achieved in part by establishing a large-scale groundwater pumping system, unique for the time, that lowered groundwater levels and stabilised the quicksand, which resulted from a buried channel of glaciofluvial sands, cut into bedrock, that had been missed by trial borings. Steam engines were used to pump from multiple shafts (including four dedicated pumping shafts, off set from the tunnel alignment), with a reported pumping rate of 136 l/s for several months. One unusual feature was the use of flatrod systems to transmit mechanical power horizontally; this allowed a single engine to drive pumps in several different shafts.

Solar Energy Groundwater Pumping: A Sustainable solution to Energy Squeeze in Smallholders’Irrigation in India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
ATIQUR RAHMAN ◽  
B. P. BHATT
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Radiation Condition ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Energy Access ◽  
Groundwater Pumping ◽  
Pumping System ◽  
Irrigation Technologies ◽  
Radiation Conditions

India′s smallholder agriculture boomed with supplemental irrigation made possible by diesel and electric pumps.Nevertheless, the smallholders’ irrigation is under siege from an energy squeeze with deteriorating farm power supplyandmanifold increase in diesel prices. This energy squeeze undermines the adoption of broad range precision irrigation technologies and profitable productivity of small holdings.However, the use of solar energyparticularlyin groundwaterpumping anduse of pressured irrigationcould improve energy access, reduce fossil fuels consumptions, asaverage incident solar radiationover India’sgeographical areais of 4-7 kWh/m2/ day with 250-300 clear sunshine days/year. To promote solar energyuse under the prevailing solar radiation conditions and depth to water level scenario of groundwater a suitablegroundwater pumping system model is required to fulfil the irrigation needs. This paper describes a solar photovoltaic groundwater pumping model suitable for small farmirrigation ether by traditional methods of irrigations orby pressuredmethod, as it generates pressure headsof98 -147kPa whenincident solar radiation ranged from400- 800W/m2, the solar radiation condition which prevailsover its geographical area between 9.00-14.00 hrsround the year.

Vacuum System to Minimize the Specimen Contamination of High-Performance EM

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 68-69
Author(s):  
N. Yoshimura ◽  
K. Shirota ◽  
T. Etoh
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Vacuum System ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Pumping System ◽  
Diffusion Pump ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Cascade Type

One of the most important requirements for a high-performance EM, especially an analytical EM using a fine beam probe, is to prevent specimen contamination by providing a clean high vacuum in the vicinity of the specimen. However, in almost all commercial EMs, the pressure in the vicinity of the specimen under observation is usually more than ten times higher than the pressure measured at the punping line. The EM column inevitably requires the use of greased Viton O-rings for fine movement, and specimens and films need to be exchanged frequently and several attachments may also be exchanged. For these reasons, a high speed pumping system, as well as a clean vacuum system, is now required. A newly developed electron microscope, the JEM-100CX features clean high vacuum in the vicinity of the specimen, realized by the use of a CASCADE type diffusion pump system which has been essentially improved over its predeces- sorD employed on the JEM-100C.

The reactor research and test facility

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-79
Author(s):  
Andrey S. KIRILLOV ◽  
Aleksandr P. PYSHKO ◽  
Andrey A. ROMANENKO ◽  
Valery I. YARYGIN
Keyword(s):  
Measurement System ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Pumping System ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Special Measurement ◽  
Space Nuclear Power

The paper describes an overview of the history of development and the current state of JSC “SSC RF-IPPE” reactor research and test facility designed for assembly, research and full-scale life energy tests of space nuclear power plants with a thermionic reactor. The leading specialists involved in development and operation of this facility are represented. The most significant technological interfaces and upgrade operations carried out in the recent years are discussed. The authors consider the use of an oil-free pumping system as part of this facility during degassing and life testing. Proposed are up-to-date engineering solutions for development of the automated special measurement system designed to record NPP performance, including volt-ampere characteristics together with thermophysical and nuclear physical parameters of a ground prototype of the space nuclear power plant. Key words: reactor research and test facility, thermionic reactor, life energy tests, oil-free pumping system, automated special measurement system, volt-ampere characteristics.

Design & Real-time Implementation of MIDO Converter Based PV Water Pumping System with BES

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-204
Author(s):  
Anuradha Tomar
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Partial Shading ◽  
Power Extraction ◽  
Pumping System ◽  
Point Tracking ◽  
Water Pumping ◽  
Battery Energy

Background: Despite so many developments, most of the farmers in the rural areas are still dependent on rainwater, rivers or water wells, for irrigation, drinking water etc. The main reason behind such dependency is non-connectivity with the National grid and thus unavailability of electricity. To extract the maximum power from solar photovoltaic (SPV) based system, implementation of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is mandatory. PV power is intermittent in nature. Variation in the irradiation level due to partial shading or mismatching phenomena leads to the development of modular DC-DC converters. Methods: A stand-alone Multi-Input Dual-Output (MIDO) DC-DC converter based SPV system, is installed at a farm; surrounded with plants for water pumping with stable flow (not pulsating) along with battery energy storage (BES) for lighting. The proposed work has two main objectives; first to maximize the available PV power under shadowing and mismatching condition in case of series/ parallel connected PV modules and second is to improve the utilization of available PV energy with dual loads connected to it. Implementation of proposed MIDO converter along with BES addresses these objectives. First, MIDO controller ensures the MPPT operation of the SPV system to extract maximum power even under partial shading condition and second, controls the power supplied to the motor-pump system and BES. The proposed system is simulated in MATLAB/ SIMULINK environment. Real-time experimental readings under natural sun irradiance through hardware set-up are also taken under dynamic field conditions to validate the performance. Results and Conclusion: The inherent advantage of individual MPPT of each PV source in MIDO configuration, under varying shadow patterns due to surrounding plants and trees is added to common DC bus and therefore provides a better impact on PV power extraction as compared to conventional PV based water pumping system. Multi-outputs at different supply voltages is another flag of MIDO system. Both these aspects are implemented and working successfully at 92.75% efficiency.

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