Temporary Immersion System Improves Regeneration of in vitro Irradiated Recalcitrant Rice Embryogenic Calli

The development of gamma rays mutant rice lines would be a solution for introducing variability in already farmer using varieties. In vitro gamma (60Co) mutagenesis reduces chimeras and allows a faster selection of desired traits but requires laboratory process optimization. The objective of the present work was the in vitro establishment of a recalcitrant rice embryogenic calli, the determination of its sensitivity to gamma radiation (Co-60), sequencing MATK and Rubisco for identification purposes, as well as generation optimization. The radiosensitivity of embryogenic calli resulted in an LD50 of 110Gy, while the 20% lethal dose was 64Gy. All sequenced genes matched perfectly with already reported MATK and Rubisco O. sativa genes with a clear SNP that identifies the local variety related to the southeast Asia Region. Callus induction improves with an MS with 2mg/L 2,4D, and the regeneration was achieved with an MS medium with 3mg/L BAP and 0,5mg/L NAA. The optimized radiation condition was 60Gy with an 83% regeneration in a semisolid medium, allowing a balance between mutation and regeneration. When increased to 80Gy, the regeneration rate falls to 29%. An immersion system (RITA®) of either 60 or 120 seconds every 8hours allowed a systematic and homogeneous total regeneration of the recalcitrant line, in contrast with the semisolid medium that resulted in positive but irregular regeneration. Other well-known recalcitrant cultivars, CR1821, CR1113 also had an improving regeneration in the immersion system, demonstrating its potential use for recalcitrant materials. To our knowledge, this is the first report on using an immersion system to allow regeneration of gamma-ray mutants from recalcitrant rice materials.

Detecting Electromagnetic Geographical Environment Changes Based on the Frequency-Intensity Curve

Electromagnetic geographic environment is closely related to human life. With continuous popularization of public infrastructures and daily electronic instruments, such as electric power communication systems and household appliances, electromagnetic radiation sources have increased sharply in the geographic environment, which leads to increasingly serious electromagnetic radiation pollution. Thus, it is significant to monitor, evaluate, and analyze the electromagnetic radiation condition and explore its changing law in the environment. However, the traditional monitoring method can only detect anomalies within certain frequencies in the fixed stations. To fill this gap, this research first develops a vehicle-mounted electromagnetic environment monitoring system to collect both spatial positioning data and electromagnetic data of the whole frequency range. The acquired data are then used to construct the location-based frequency-intensity curve to reflect the variation of electromagnetic radiation at different frequency ranges. On this basis, a curve similarity measurement method is introduced to analyze the similarity of different curves, which is effective to diagnose time-varying sources from both global and local perspectives. This research provides a real-time mobile monitoring method, which is significant to know the dynamic variation of local electromagnetic environment and promotes subsequent comprehensive geographic analyses.

Boundary integrals for oscillating bodies in stratified fluids

The theoretical foundations of the boundary integral method are considered for inviscid monochromatic internal waves, and an analytical approach is presented for the solution of the boundary integral equation for oscillating bodies of simple shape: an elliptic cylinder in two dimensions, and a spheroid in three dimensions. The method combines the coordinate stretching introduced by Bryan and Hurley in the frequency range of evanescent waves, with analytic continuation to the range of propagating waves by Lighthill's radiation condition. Not only are the waves obtained for arbitrary oscillations of the body, with application to radial pulsations and rigid vibrations, but also the distribution of singularities equivalent to the body, allowing later inclusion of viscosity in the theory. Both a direct representation of the body as a Kirchhoff–Helmholtz integral involving single and double layers together, and an indirect representation involving a single layer alone, are considered. The indirect representation is seen to require a certain degree of symmetry of the body with respect to the horizontal and the vertical. As the surface of the body is approached the single- and double-layer potentials exhibit the same discontinuities as in classical potential theory.

A Coupling between Integral Equations and On-Surface Radiation Conditions for Diffraction Problems by Non Convex Scatterers

The aim of this paper is to introduce an orignal coupling procedure between surface integral equation formulations and on-surface radiation condition (OSRC) methods for solving two-dimensional scattering problems for non convex structures. The key point is that the use of the OSRC introduces a sparse block in the surface operator representation of the wave field while the integral part leads to an improved accuracy of the OSRC method in the non convex part of the scattering structure. The procedure is given for both the Dirichlet and Neumann scattering problems. Some numerical simulations show the improvement induced by the coupling method.

Mathematical modelling for solar cell, panel and array for photovoltaic system

Renewable energy is considered as next alternative to fossil fuels and nowadays, it attracts much attention in agriculture and environmental protection. Application of solar photovoltaic system is drying and dehydration of products, heating, irrigation, greenhouse and power generation etc. Temperature and sun radiation varies nonlinearly. Power generation varies with reference to radiation and temperature in photo-voltaic (PV) system. PV characteristic is nonlinear and PV cell is the basic unit for electricity generation. To get the characteristic response of PV, it aimed to develop a solar cell/panel model and array on a platform like MATLAB. In this research paper, step by step procedure has been defined for modelling solar cell, panel, and array models of the photovoltaic system. Kyocera solar KC-200GT 200W solar panel is used as a reference model for further modelling. The PV array characteristic are simulated for different irradiance(200W/m2,400 W/m2 ,600 W/m2 ,800W/m2 ,1000W/m2)and temperature variation(25°C, 35°C, 45°C, 55°C, 75°C). The output characteristic of the reference model matches with simulated results. The output reduced when the solar irradiation reduced from 1000 to 200 W/m2. As the temperature increased, the output voltage decreases, whereas the output current increases slightly. This model would be useful for investigating the effect of different parameters like series resistance, shunt resistance, thermal voltage, solar cell temperature coefficient of short circuit current etc. It would also be useful for investigating the working parameters like temperature & radiation condition and different series and parallel combinations of panels. This modelling is useful in investigating the performance of solar arrays in different applications of solar power generation, as well as modelling provides a major role in the mounting of PV panels.

Power Transport Theorem Based Decoupling Mode Theory for Wave-guiding Structures

Power transport theorem (PTT) governing the transport process of the power-flow passing through waveguide is derived. The input power as the source term in PTT is found to be the one for sustaining a stationary power transport, and the corresponding input power operator (IPO) is formulated. The travelling-wave condition satisfied by the travelling-wave modes one-directionally propagating along the waveguide is introduced as a counterpart of the famous Sommerfeld's radiation condition satisfied by the radiative fields distributing in far zone. Employing the travelling-wave condition and some other necessary conditions, the dependent currents in IPO are effectively eliminated. Under PTT framework, the recently developed decoupling mode theory (DMT) for wave-port-fed antennas is further generalized to waveguides. The PTT-based DMT (PTT-DMT) focuses on constructing a set of energy-decoupled modes (DMs) for any pre-selected objective waveguide by orthogonalizing the IPO with only independent current, and any two different DMs don't have net energy exchange in an integral period. The PTT-DMT is an effective alternative for classical eigen-mode theory. The alternative realizes an effective unification for waveguide-oriented modal analysis theory and antenna-oriented modal analysis theory, such that the theories can be easily integrated into a single theory for whole waveguide-antenna combined system in the future.

Power Transport Theorem Based Decoupling Mode Theory for Wave-guiding Structures

Power transport theorem (PTT) governing the transport process of the power-flow passing through waveguide is derived. The input power as the source term in PTT is found to be the one for sustaining a stationary power transport, and the corresponding input power operator (IPO) is formulated. The travelling-wave condition satisfied by the travelling-wave modes one-directionally propagating along the waveguide is introduced as a counterpart of the famous Sommerfeld's radiation condition satisfied by the radiative fields distributing in far zone. Employing the travelling-wave condition and some other necessary conditions, the dependent currents in IPO are effectively eliminated. Under PTT framework, the recently developed decoupling mode theory (DMT) for wave-port-fed antennas is further generalized to waveguides. The PTT-based DMT (PTT-DMT) focuses on constructing a set of energy-decoupled modes (DMs) for any pre-selected objective waveguide by orthogonalizing the IPO with only independent current, and any two different DMs don't have net energy exchange in an integral period. The PTT-DMT is an effective alternative for classical eigen-mode theory. The alternative realizes an effective unification for waveguide-oriented modal analysis theory and antenna-oriented modal analysis theory, such that the theories can be easily integrated into a single theory for whole waveguide-antenna combined system in the future.

Associations between lipids in selected brain regions, plasma miRNA, and behavioral and cognitive measures following 28Si ion irradiation

The space radiation environment consists of multiple species of charged particles, including 28Si ions, that may impact brain function during and following missions. To develop biomarkers of the space radiation response, BALB/c and C3H female and male mice and their F2 hybrid progeny were irradiated with 28Si ions (350 MeV/n, 0.2 Gy) and tested for behavioral and cognitive performance 1, 6, and 12 months following irradiation. The plasma of the mice was collected for analysis of miRNA levels. Select pertinent brain regions were dissected for lipidomic analyses and analyses of levels of select biomarkers shown to be sensitive to effects of space radiation in previous studies. There were associations between lipids in select brain regions, plasma miRNA, and cognitive measures and behavioral following 28Si ion irradiation. Different but overlapping sets of miRNAs in plasma were found to be associated with cognitive measures and behavioral in sham and irradiated mice at the three time points. The radiation condition revealed pathways involved in neurodegenerative conditions and cancers. Levels of the dendritic marker MAP2 in the cortex were higher in irradiated than sham-irradiated mice at middle age, which might be part of a compensatory response. Relationships were also revealed with CD68 in miRNAs in an anatomical distinct fashion, suggesting that distinct miRNAs modulate neuroinflammation in different brain regions. The associations between lipids in selected brain regions, plasma miRNA, and behavioral and cognitive measures following 28Si ion irradiation could be used for the development of biomarker of the space radiation response.