scholarly journals Colorectal cancer screening and prevention: A brief review of the current guidelines and modalities

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 097-103
Author(s):  
Ashan T Hatharasinghe ◽  
Ike R Ogbu ◽  
Abdul G Gheriani ◽  
George A Trad ◽  
Andre E Manov
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Occult Blood ◽  
Fecal Occult Blood Testing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Fecal Occult Blood ◽  
Fecal Occult ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
Screening And Prevention

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a frequently addressed topic in primary care. Recent studies have been published detailing modifiable risk factors for CRC, as well as preventative measures. Providers must be up to date on screening recommendations and modalities. Colonoscopy is the preferred method of screening for CRC, and the screening recommendations in the United States were recently updated in 2020. It is also common for the practitioner to encounter patients who refuse colonoscopy but are willing to undergo alternative methods of testing. The COVID pandemic has also placed a burden on hospital resources, and colonoscopy may not be logistically feasible in some healthcare settings. Therefore, awareness of the guidelines for the various alternative modalities, along with their respective guidelines for frequency of screening is critical. This article provides a brief review of the risk factors associated with colon cancer, the screening modalities (including colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, CT colonography, fecal immunohistochemical testing (FIT), guaiac-based fecal occult blood testing (gFOBT), multi target stool DNA testing (MTs-DNA), and others) and the most recent screening recommendations for the general population.

COMMUNITY-BASED MASS SCREENING FOR COLORECTAL CANCER BY A COMBINATION OF FECAL OCCULT BLOOD TESTING AND FLEXIBLE SIGMOIDOSCOPY

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryoichi Nozaki ◽  
Ryuji Murata ◽  
Syu Tanimura ◽  
Tomohisa Ohwan ◽  
Syunji Ogata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Mass Screening ◽  
Flexible Sigmoidoscopy ◽  
Occult Blood ◽  
Fecal Occult Blood Testing ◽  
Fecal Occult Blood ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Blood Testing ◽  
Fecal Occult

889 The Effect on Colorectal Cancer Incidence of Early Introduction of Immunological Fecal Occult Blood Testing

2012 ◽  
Vol 142 (5) ◽  
pp. S-155
Author(s):  
Marco Zappa ◽  
Leonardo Ventura ◽  
Grazia Grazzini ◽  
Carlotta Buzzoni ◽  
Guido Castiglione ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Occult Blood ◽  
Fecal Occult Blood Testing ◽  
Fecal Occult Blood ◽  
Blood Testing ◽  
Early Introduction ◽  
Fecal Occult ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Incidence

Colorectal cancer screening: Why do some people never participate? Results from the EDIFICE surveys.

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 565-565
Author(s):  
Jerome Viguier ◽  
François Eisinger ◽  
Chantal Touboul ◽  
Christine Lhomel ◽  
Jean F. Morere
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Test ◽  
Fecal Occult Blood Test ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Occult Blood ◽  
Fecal Occult Blood ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Occult Blood Test ◽  
Fecal Occult

565 Background: The aim of EDIFICE surveys is to improve insight into the behavior of the French population with regard to cancer prevention and participation in screening programs. Via the colorectal cancer (CRC) screening program, all average-risk individuals in the 50-74-yr age group are invited every 2 years to do a guaiac-based or immunochemical fecal occult blood test. This analysis focuses on lay-population reasons for not undergoing the test. Methods: The 5th nationwide observational survey was conducted by phone interviews using the quota method. A representative sample of 1299 individuals with no history of cancer (age, 50-74 yrs) was interviewed between 22 November and 7 December 2016. Those who had never undertaken a screening test were asked for their reasons. Results: In total, 64% reported having undergone a screening test (colonoscopy, fecal occult blood test) at least once in their lifetime (coverage). There was a non-significant (NS) increase in coverage rates over the period 2014-2016. In 2016, the most frequently (36%) cited reason for not being screened was “individual negligence/not a priority”. This figure was significantly higher than in 2014 (24%, P < 0.05). Between one in four and one in five respondents answered “no risk factor” in both 2014 and 2016. Approximately one in ten respondents gave “pointlessness” as their reason for not being screened (12% in 2016 vs 8% in 2014, NS) while “fear of the examination or fear of the results”, “reasons related to the physician (he never suggested it” [3.8% in 2016] or “he recommended against screening” [2.5% in 2016]), or “refusal to participate”, all dropped significantly between 2014 and 2016. Conclusions: The issue of “individual negligence” requires further analysis so as to clearly define the categories of individuals who remain unreceptive to screening and identify how best to involve them. The significant mention of “no risk factors” reveals ignorance of the fact that the colorectal cancer screening program actually targets all individuals in a given age group, regardless of individual risk factors. The decrease in reasons involving “fear" or related to the physician may be a result of awareness campaigns and GP mobilization.

Association between Charlson-Deyo Score and delay to colonoscopy in veterans subsequently diagnosed with colorectal cancer.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (27_suppl) ◽  
pp. 288-288
Author(s):  
Thi Khuc ◽  
Christian Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
United States ◽  
Occult Blood ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fecal Occult Blood ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Fecal Occult ◽  
Final Study ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

288 Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of cancer deaths in the United States and expected to cause 51,020 deaths in 2019. Early detection with yearly fecal occult blood test (FOBT) has been proven to decrease CRC mortality. A 30-day delay from positive FOBT to colonoscopy is associated with increased risk of CRC. The Veterans Affairs Health System (VAHS) treats approximately 11% of CRCs in the United States. The effects of an aging population, physician shortage, and increased military personnel entering the VAHS may increase demands on VAHS resources. The primary aim of this study was to determine risk factors that caused delay to colonoscopy. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed records of 600 patients referred for colonoscopy from January 1999 to January 2009, who were subsequently diagnosed with CRC. Patients with a prior CRC diagnosis were excluded. The final study cohort consisted of 530 patients. We analyzed the relationship between 10 variables and delay in time from initial consultation to colonoscopy. Variables consisted of age, sex, race, ethnicity, CRC location, marital status, history of mental health diagnosis, tobacco use, substance abuse, Charlson/Deyo (C/D) score and season of referral for colonoscopy. A delay in time was defined as 30 days or greater. Logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, race, CRC location and C/D score. Results: A total of 87.17% of patients experienced a delay in time from initial consultation to colonoscopy. When analyzed with a predictive variable of delay to colonoscopy, C/D score of ≥ 2 versus 0, was associated with higher odds of delay in time to colonoscopy (OR = 2.18, p = 0.02). African American race and Hispanic ethnicity was associated with a higher odds of delay in time to colonoscopy, but was not statistically significant (OR = 1.47, p = 0.47, OR = 1.37, p = 0.48). Conclusions: Patients with a C/D score ≥ 2 were 218% more likely to have delay in time from initial consult to colonoscopy, resulting in a delayed CRC diagnosis. C/D score may be used to determine which patients should have more frequent reminders to schedule their colonoscopy to prevent delays in care. Randomized and prospective studies will need to be performed.

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