scholarly journals On the Diachrony of the Clitic Cluster in Bulgarian

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsvetana Dimitrova
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Layer Structure ◽  
Discourse Markers ◽  
Auxiliary System ◽  
Main Layer ◽  
The Core ◽  
Secondary Layer

The article traces back the formation of the clitic cluster in Bulgarian starting from the Old Church Slavonic through Middle Bulgarian up to the Early Modern Bulgarian and beyond. It offers a hypothetical two-layer structure of the cluster – with the main layer consisting of a (pronominal) core and a (verbal) periphery, and a secondary layer hosting (‘quasi-clitical’) elements that exhibit, both diachronically and synchronically, a behaviour that is not strictly consistent with that of the clitical elements. The language material from three corpora shows that there was no change in the positions of the elements in the core, and the changes in the periphery observed are mainly due to the changes in the set of the elements (as a result of the restructuring of the pronoun system and changes in the auxiliary system, as well as the loss of some early clitics, such as the discourse markers).

Benedict de Spinoza’s Virtue

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-122
Author(s):  
Columbus N. Ogbujah ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Core Values ◽  
Ethical Relativism ◽  
Ethical Egoism ◽  
Absolute Truth ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Seminal Roots

Benedict de Spinoza (1632–1677) was about the most radical of the early modern philosophers who developed a unique metaphysics that inspired an intriguing moral philosophy, fusing insights from ancient Stoicism, Cartesian metaphysics, Hobbes and medieval Jewish rationalism. While helping to ground the Enlightenment, Spinoza’s thoughts, against the intellectual mood of the time, divorced transcendence from divinity, equating God with nature. His extremely naturalistic views of reality constructed an ethical structure that links the control of human passion to virtue and happiness. By denying objective significance to things aside from human desires and beliefs, he is considered an anti-realist; and by endorsing a vision of reality according to which everyone ought to seek their own advantage, he is branded ethical egoist. This essay identified the varying influences of Spinoza’s moral anti-realism and ethical egoism on post-modernist thinkers who decried the “naïve faith” in objective and absolute truth, but rather propagated perspective relativity of reality. It recognized that modern valorization of ethical relativism, which in certain respects, detracts from the core values of the Enlightenment, has its seminal roots in his works.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Tracey A. Sowerby ◽  
Joanna Craigwood
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Diplomatic History ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Literary Representations ◽  
The Core ◽  
Theoretical Import

The Introduction outlines the inter-penetration of literary and diplomatic cultures within European and some non-European diplomatic practices, emphasizing the wide-ranging and sophisticated ways in which early modern diplomats utilized literary motifs. It introduces readers to existing research within the emerging field of diplo-literary studies and those areas of the ‘new diplomatic history’ which are most pertinent to the core thematic focus of the collection. While situating contributions within this literature, it also outlines the collective methodological and theoretical import of the volume. Paying particular attention to literary representations of diplomacy, diplomacy, and translation, the diplomatic dissemination of texts, and the texts used in diplomatic practice, it draws out a series of findings for the field.

Bunster, Patricio (1924–2006)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Richard Giersdorf
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Modern Dance ◽  
Artistic Expression ◽  
Manual Labor ◽  
The Core ◽  
The World ◽  
Political Structures ◽  
Corporeal Awareness

Patricio Bunster’s career was emblematic of a Latin American engagement with European modernism and unique in its exchange with German modern dance (Ausdruckstanz). Trained in Chile by immigrant German members of Kurt Jooss’s company, Bunster merged a local vocabulary with globalized movements—such as modern dance vocabulary derived from Ausdruckstanz and ballet—with the goal of restructuring existing nationally defined movement. This merger was utopian in its rethinking of national culture toward a global artistic expression. Such a utopian understanding of the capacity of movement as a global unifier and transformer recalled early modern dance’s vision for a changed world through corporeal awareness and choreographed emancipation. Influenced by Laban as well as Jooss and Leeder, Bunster observed and deployed movement found in manual labor, leisure, daily rituals, nature, and the structure of architecture. In Bunster’s opinion, all of these sources carried traces of future choreographies that could express a new transnational, (Latin) American, and utopian society. Different utopian models, such as the radical rethinking of political structures through a breakdown of the barrier between art and life or the embracing of technology in relation to design for the bettering of society were at the core of modernist conviction that the world needed to be fundamentally changed.

The Ontological Status of Causal Powers

2021 ◽  
pp. 121-148
Author(s):  
Benjamin Hill
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Physical Object ◽  
Causal Powers ◽  
Ontological Status ◽  
The Core ◽  
Efficient Cause ◽  
Popular View

Benjamin Hill seeks to initiate deeper contemporary discussion of the ontological challenges that drove early modern philosophers (namely, several early Cartesians, Berkeley, and Hume) to accept the negative thesis of occasionalism, that no physical object can truly be an efficient cause. He argues that we should be looking past Hume and his empiricist’s approach to secondary causation to bring the core metaphysical, issues he believes are still lingering, into sharper focus. Hill walks us backwards from Hume’s empirical critiques of powers in the Enquiry and Treatise to Locke’s presentation of the ‘popular’ view that experience lead us to postulate powers as a response to occasionalism. This, he suggests, reveals that the early modern debate about causal powers tracked not the divide between scholastics and mechanical philosophers but the divide between realists and occasionalists and revolved around a confusion between them regarding what was the underlying question of the debate. For the occasionalists, it was not really about whether or not causal powers did exist, but about explaining how they could exist. This leads Hill to explore the metaphysical worries animating seventeenth-century occasionalists.

scholarly journals Missionaries as bridge builders in Buddhist kingdoms: Amity amid radical difference

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-77
Author(s):  
Eva M. Pascal
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Spiritual Practice ◽  
World Religions ◽  
Historical Case ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
The Core ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Contemporary Christian ◽  
The World

Buddhism and Christianity are major world religions that both make universal and often competing claims about the nature of the world and ultimate reality. These claims are difficult to reconcile and often go to the core of Buddhist and Christian worldviews. This article looks at the age of encounter in the early modern period for ways Christians and Buddhists forged friendship through common spiritual commitments and action. Beyond seeking theological and philosophical exchange, convergences along spirituality and practice proved important vehicles for friendship. With the examples of Christian–Buddhist friendship from historical case studies, this article explores the ways contemporary Christian expressions of spiritual practice and advocacy allows Christians to connect with Buddhists. Early modern encounters have important lessons for furthering Christian–Buddhist friendship that may also be applied to other religious traditions.

Er2O3-Al2O3 Doped Silica Preform Prepared by MCVD-Chelate Vapor Phase Delivery Technique

2014 ◽  
Vol 896 ◽  
pp. 219-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khairul M.S. Anuar ◽  
S.Z. Muhd-Yasin ◽  
M.I. Zulkifli ◽  
S. Hanif ◽  
A. Yusoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Layer Structure ◽  
Refractive Index Profile ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Index Profile ◽  
Organic Precursor ◽  
The Core ◽  
Delivery Technique ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Rare Earth Doped

Development of rare earth doped silica fibre fabrication using MCVD furnace chelate vapor phase delivery is presented. In this study, erbium and aluminium is used as the dopant with precursor erbium (III) tris (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionate) and aluminium chloride respectively. The preform was designed for 10 layers of SiO2-P2O3doped silica (clad structure) and 5 layers of SiO2-Al2O3-Er2O3(core structure). Preform is analysed for the properties of layer structure i.e. refractive index profile using preform index profiler and EPMA (SEM-EDX) for dopant distribution. Results show good longitudinal uniformity despite condensation of metal organic precursor during the fabrication process. Maximum incorporation of Er2O3is about 0.1 mole % with 1.5 mole% of Al2O3in the core.

Gliders Measure Western Boundary Current Transport from the South Pacific to the Equator*

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 2001-2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russ E. Davis ◽  
William S. Kessler ◽  
Jeffrey T. Sherman
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Layer Structure ◽  
Western Boundary Current ◽  
Western Boundary ◽  
Boundary Current ◽  
The Core ◽  
A Value ◽  
Coral Sea ◽  
Near Shore

Abstract “Spray” gliders, most launched from small boats near shore, have established a sustainable time series of equatorward transport through the Solomon Sea. The first 3.5 years (mid-2007 through 2010) are analyzed. Coast-to-coast equatorward transport through the Solomon Sea fluctuates around a value of 15 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) with variations approaching ±15 Sv. Transport variability is well correlated with El Niño indices like Niño-3.4, with strong equatorward flow during one El Niño and weak flow during two La Niñas. Mean transport is centered in an undercurrent focused in the western boundary current; variability has a two-layer structure with layers separated near 250 m (near the core of the undercurrent) that fluctuate independently. The largest variations are in midbasin, confined to the upper layer, and are well correlated with ENSO. Analysis of velocity and salinity on isopycnals shows that the western boundary current within the Solomon Sea consists of a deep core coming from the Coral Sea and a shallow core that enters the Solomon Sea in mid basin. Analysis of the structure of transport and its fluctuations is presented.

Thermally-driven linear vortex

1971 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 801-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Blumsack ◽  
A. Barcilon
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Layer Structure ◽  
Bottom Surface ◽  
Rossby Number ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Axially Symmetric ◽  
Ekman Number ◽  
The Core ◽  
Thermally Driven ◽  
Axial Heat

We investigate steady axially symmetric small Rossby number flows in which the driving consists of prescribed axial heat sources. By letting the velocity be proportional to the shear at the bottom surface we study the effects of that boundary condition on the resulting flows.A multi-boundary-layer structure is found in the core, surrounding the heat sources. That structure depends on the relative magnitudes of the aspect ratio, stratification parameter and Ekman number.

Even If It's Not True It's True: Using Unreliable Hadīths in Sunni Islam

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Brown
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Ninth Century ◽  
Social Morality ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Core ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
History Of ◽  
Core Areas ◽  
Sunni Islam

AbstractSunni Islam is at heart a cult of authenticity, with the science of Hadīth criticism functioning as a centerpiece designed to distinguish authentic attributions to the Prophet from forgeries. It is thus surprising that even after Hadīth scholars had sifted sound Hadīths from weak, mainstream Sunni Islam allowed the use of unreliable Hadīths as evidence in subjects considered outside of the core areas of law. This majority stance, however, did not displace minority schools of thought that saw the use of unreliable Hadīths as both a danger to social morality and contrary to the stated values of Islamic thought. This more stringent position has burgeoned in the early modern and modern periods, when eliminating the use of weak Hadīths has become a common call of both Salafi revivalists and Islamic modernists. This article explores and traces the history of the various Sunni schools of thought on the use of weak and forged Hadīths from the third/ninth century to the present day.

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