Metrological provision of means and systems for measuring the quantity of liquid hydrocarbons transported by pipelines

2018 ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
V.V. Prokkoev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Metrological Provision ◽  
Liquid Hydrocarbons

A Comprehensive Review on Blast Furnace

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Upendra Kumar ◽  
Avinash Patidar ◽  
Bhupendra Koshti
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Metallurgical Coke ◽  
Waste Plastics ◽  
Blast Furnaces ◽  
Liquid Hydrocarbons ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Global Performance ◽  
Flow Heat ◽  
And Control ◽  
Recycled Waste

The design and control of blast furnace (BF) ironmaking must be optimized in order to be competitive and sustainable, particularly under the more and more demanding and tough economic and environmental conditions. To achieve this, it is necessary to understand the complex multiphase flow, heat and mass transfer, and global performance of a BF. In this paper injection of alternative reducing agents via lances in the tubers of blast furnaces is discussed to reduce the consumption of metallurgical coke. Besides liquid hydrocarbons and pulverized coal the injection of recycled waste plastics is possible, offering the opportunity to chemically reuse waste material and also utilize the energy contained in such remnants.

Methods of Stabilization of Gas Condensates

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibukun Makinde
Keyword(s):  
Single Phase ◽  
Phase State ◽  
Liquid Mixtures ◽  
Gas Condensate ◽  
Liquid Hydrocarbons ◽  
Light Hydrocarbons ◽  
Natural Gases ◽  
Gas Condensates ◽  
Single Phase State

Gas condensates are liquid mixtures of high-boiling hydrocarbons of various structures, separated from natural gases during their production at gas condensate fields. When transporting gas through pipelines, the following gas quality conditions should be met:i.During transportation, gases should not cause corrosion of pipelines, fittings, instruments, etc.ii.The quality of the gas must ensure its transportation in a single-phase state i.e., liquid hydrocarbons, gas condensates and hydrates should not form in the pipelines.In order for gas condensates to meet the above-mentioned quality conditions during storage or transportation, they must be stabilized. Gas condensate stabilization is the process of “boiling off” light hydrocarbons from the condensate that would otherwise increase the vapor pressure when conditions are fluctuating.

Transportation: Fuel Energies

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Rez
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Nuclear Fuels ◽  
Liquid Hydrocarbons ◽  
Transportation Fuel ◽  
Journey Time

Transportation efficiency can be measured in terms of the energy needed to move a person or a tonne of freight over a given distance. For passengers, journey time is important, so an equally useful measure is the product of the energy used and the time taken for the journey. Transportation requires storage of energy. Rechargeable systems such as batteries have very low energy densities as compared to fossil fuels. The highest energy densities come from nuclear fuels, although, because of shielding requirements, these are not practical for most forms of transportation. Liquid hydrocarbons represent a nice compromise between high energy density and ease of use.

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