Electronic irradiation of TlInSxSe2−x (x = 1): Morphology, structure and raman scattering

It is shown that the replacement of a part of sulfur atoms with selenium atoms in a TlInS2 single crystal stimulates the formation of a single-phase state with a monoclinic structure (space group [Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text] in TlInS[Formula: see text]Se[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]). Irradiation with 2 MeV electrons and a fluence of [Formula: see text] electron/cm2 of powder TlInS[Formula: see text]Se[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) leads to an increase in the crystallite size from 56.5 nm to 65 nm, which is most likely associated with a decrease in the interface. The difference between the surface morphology of the synthesized TlInS[Formula: see text]Se[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) single crystal and the surface morphology of the TlInS2 single crystal is established, which consists in a decrease in the height and width of the roughness in TlInS[Formula: see text]Se[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]). Irradiation of a TlInS[Formula: see text]Se[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) single crystal with electrons with a fluence of [Formula: see text] electron/cm2 does not lead to a change in the height of the tubercle on its surface, and the average value of its width increases more than ten-fold. The identity of the peaks in the Raman spectra of the TlInS[Formula: see text]Se[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) single crystal before and after its irradiation with electrons with an energy of 2 MeV and upto a fluence of [Formula: see text] electron/cm2, along with the absence of a shift of the peaks, indicates the radiation resistance of the TlInS[Formula: see text]Se[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) single crystal.

Investigation and application of wellbore temperature and pressure field coupling with gas–liquid two-phase flowing

With the development of gas well exploitation, the calculation of wellbore with single-phase state affected by single factor cannot meet the actual needs of engineering. We need to consider the simulation calculation of complex wellbore environment under the coupling of multiphase and multiple factors, so as to better serve the petroleum industry. In view of the problem that the commonly used temperature and pressure model can only be used for single-phase state under complex well conditions, and the error is large. Combined with the wellbore heat transfer mechanism and the calculation method of pipe flow pressure drop gradient, this study analyzes the shortcomings of Ramey model and Hassan & Kabir model through transient analysis. Based on the equations of mass conservation, momentum conservation and energy conservation, and considering the interaction between fluid physical parameters and temperature and pressure, the wellbore pressure coupling model of water-bearing gas well is established, and the Newton Raphael iterative method is used for MATLAB programming. On this basis, the relationship between tubing diameter, gas production, gas–water ratio, and wellbore temperature field and pressure field in high water-bearing gas wells is discussed. The results show that the wellbore temperature pressure coupling model of high water-bearing gas well considering the coupling of gas–liquid two-phase flow wellbore temperature pressure field has higher accuracy than Ramey model and Hassan & Kabir model, and the minimum coefficients of variation of each model are 0.022, 0.037 and 0.042, respectively. Therefore, the model in this study is highly consistent with the field measured data. Therefore, the findings of this study are helpful to better calculate the wellbore temperature and pressure parameters under complex well conditions.

Entropy-Stabilized Oxides owning Fluorite Structure obtained by Hydrothermal Treatment

Entropy-Stabilized Oxides (ESO) is a modern class of multicomponent advanced ceramic materials with attractive functional properties. Through a five-component oxide formulation, the configurational entropy is used to drive the phase stabilization over a reversible solid-state transformation from a multiphase to a single-phase state. In this paper, a new transition metal/rare earth entropy-stabilized oxide, with composition Ce0.2Zr0.2Y0.2Gd0.2La0.2O2−δ, was found after several investigations on alternative candidate systems. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses of calcined powders pointed out different behavior as a function of the composition and a single-phase fluorite structure was obtained after a specific thermal treatment at 1500 °C. Powders presented the absence of agglomeration, so that the sintered specimen exhibited sufficient densification with a small porosity, uniformly distributed in the sample.

Methods of Stabilization of Gas Condensates

Gas condensates are liquid mixtures of high-boiling hydrocarbons of various structures, separated from natural gases during their production at gas condensate fields. When transporting gas through pipelines, the following gas quality conditions should be met:i.During transportation, gases should not cause corrosion of pipelines, fittings, instruments, etc.ii.The quality of the gas must ensure its transportation in a single-phase state i.e., liquid hydrocarbons, gas condensates and hydrates should not form in the pipelines.In order for gas condensates to meet the above-mentioned quality conditions during storage or transportation, they must be stabilized. Gas condensate stabilization is the process of “boiling off” light hydrocarbons from the condensate that would otherwise increase the vapor pressure when conditions are fluctuating.

Fracture Toughness of Massively Transformed and Subsequently Heat Treated TiAl Intermetallic Compound

The effects of massive transformation and subsequent heat treatments on the microstructure of Ti-46Al-7Nb-0.7Cr-0.2Ni-0.1Si (mol%) intermetallic compounds are studied. Massive transformation occurs at the center region of the specimen by cooling from α single phase state. At the surface side of the specimen, α phase has remained. Fine convoluted microstructure with α2, γ phases and lamellar structure has formed by heating at (α+γ) two phase state after massive transformation. Colony size or grain size is about 25 μm. Fine fully lamellar structure is obtained after heat treatment of convoluted microstructure at α phase for 60 s. Fracture toughness seems to be increasing with the increase in lamellar colony size. However, some massively transformed specimens show lower toughness due to the formation of microdamage present in samples before the test.

Emerging single-phase state in small manganite nanodisks

In complex oxides systems such as manganites, electronic phase separation (EPS), a consequence of strong electronic correlations, dictates the exotic electrical and magnetic properties of these materials. A fundamental yet unresolved issue is how EPS responds to spatial confinement; will EPS just scale with size of an object, or will the one of the phases be pinned? Understanding this behavior is critical for future oxides electronics and spintronics because scaling down of the system is unavoidable for these applications. In this work, we use La0.325Pr0.3Ca0.375MnO3 (LPCMO) single crystalline disks to study the effect of spatial confinement on EPS. The EPS state featuring coexistence of ferromagnetic metallic and charge order insulating phases appears to be the low-temperature ground state in bulk, thin films, and large disks, a previously unidentified ground state (i.e., a single ferromagnetic phase state emerges in smaller disks). The critical size is between 500 nm and 800 nm, which is similar to the characteristic length scale of EPS in the LPCMO system. The ability to create a pure ferromagnetic phase in manganite nanodisks is highly desirable for spintronic applications.