scholarly journals Evaluate the Distribution of Heavy Elements that Dissolved in Ground Water Using IDW in AL-Wafa City, Al-Ramadi,Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (51) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Hala A Rasheed ◽  
Auday H. Shaban
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Heavy Elements ◽  
Laboratory Examination ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Water Wells ◽  
Cadmium Lead ◽  
Spatial Maps

Groundwater can be assessed by studying water wells. This study was conducted in Al-Wafa District, Anbar Governorate, Iraq. The water samples were collected from 24 different wells in the study area, in January 2021. A laboratory examination of the samples was conducted. Geographical information systems technique was relied on to determine the values of polluting elements in the wells. The chemical elements that were measured were [cadmium, lead, cobalt and chromium]. The output of this research were planned to be spatial maps that show the distribution of the elements with respect to their concentrations. The results show a variation in the heavy elements concentrations at the studied area groundwater. The samples show different values of concentrations; for Cadmium (0.218-1.624) ppm, Lead (0.217-1.157) ppm, Cobalt (0.014-0156) ppm, and for Chromium (0.045-0263) ppm. The distribution of the materials concentrations differs for each element which is refer to the sources of pollution are not relate to industry, but it could be relate to fertilization.

scholarly journals Water quality assessment of the Triassic aquifer, SE Tunisia, for drinking water supply

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 09002
Author(s):  
Meriem Ameur ◽  
Fadoua Hamzaoui-Azaza ◽  
Moncef Gueddari
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Aquifer System

The Triassic aquifer is located in southereastern Tunisia, in the Medenine region, and being part of Jeffara's multilayer aquifer system. The aquifer is currently overexploited with an exploitation rate of 163%, which led to a generalized drop in the piezometric level in the order of 20 cm/year. This study applied conventional techniques such as hydrochemical compositions, multivariate statistical methods and Geographical Information Systems (GIS). To better identify the processes controlling the hydrogeochemical evolution of groundwater quality of Triassic aquifer and its suitability for drinking uses, 14 well water samples from the Triassic aquifer were analysed for physical character and chemical composition. In the groundwater, the respective order of cation and anion concentration was Na>Ca>Mg>K and SO4>Cl>HCO3. The chemical data of water samples from the study area presented by plotting on a Piper diagram reveals the predominance of two hydrochemical types: a Na-Ca-Mg-SO4 facies and a Na-Ca-Mg-Cl-SO4 facies. Analytical results demonstrate that the chemical composition of groundwater in Triassic aquifer is strongly influenced by residence time and flow path. Water quality deteriorates going from southwest to northeast across the region, coincident with the appearance a clay layer limiting the infiltration of rainwater. The majority of ions are above the maximum desirable limits recommended for drinking water by WHO guidelines and Tunisian Standards (NT.09.14). Based on the Water Quality Index (WQI), 36% of water samples of the Triassic aquifer are classified as "poor water" and they cannot be used for drinking purposes without prior treatment.

scholarly journals Aggregate Analysis of Site-Specific Pollution Problems: The Case of Groundwater Contamination from Agriculture

1991 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Opaluch ◽  
Kathleen Segerson
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
National Level ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Nonpoint Sources ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Local Decision ◽  
Local Decision Makers

Control of nonpoint sources of pollution has traditionally been within the domain of local decision makers in recognition of the critical importance of site-specific issues. More recently attention has turned to the issue of what can and should be done at the regional or national level, while recognizing the importance of site-specific attributes. This paper describes and illustrates an approach for analysis of nonpoint pollution problems that focuses jointly at the aggregate and disaggregate levels of the problem. The approach is based on linking two tools of analysis, the microparameter distribution model and the Geographical Information Systems (GIS). Although there are significant challenges to be overcome in implementing such an approach, linkage of these two policy tools has considerable promise in dealing with site-specific issues within an aggregate framework. Furthermore, GIS is potentially an important source of data for economists to exploit, given the momentum of GIS systems throughout the nation and given the relatively disaggregate nature of the data.

Applicability of modelling tools in watershed management for controlling diffuse pollution

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Erturk ◽  
M. Gurel ◽  
M.A. Baloch ◽  
T. Dikerler ◽  
A. Ekdal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Diffuse Pollution ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Water Quality Modelling ◽  
High Resolution Data ◽  
Diffuse Sources ◽  
Watershed Models ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Mountainous Country

Diffuse pollution is hard to analyze, control and manage by its nature. Watershed models and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are recently developed tools that aid analysis of diffuse sources of pollution. However, their applications are not always easy and straightforward. Turkey is a typical example of a mountainous country rich in rivers and streams. Due to the complex geomorphology, land-use and agricultural practices in most of the watersheds in Turkey, modelling, analyzing and managing diffuse pollution has been a challenge. The complex watershed structure forces the modellers to work with spatially high resolution data. Apart from the data, the models themselves may also cause operational problems. These issues and their probable solutions form the basis of the discussions in this paper. It acts as a guideline for modelling and analyzing diffuse pollution by emphasizing the referred problems and difficulties. Design of an Information Technology-based system tool for watershed and/or water quality modelling, which would be suitable for countries having watersheds with similar structure and problems to those of Turkey, is also outlined.

scholarly journals High zinc contents of sea water in Kangerdluarssuk, the Ilímaussaq area, South Greenland

1978 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 79-81
Author(s):  
G Asmund ◽  
J Rose-Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Anodic Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
Heavy Elements ◽  
Universal Series ◽  
High Zinc ◽  
Anodic Stripping ◽  
Zinc Cadmium ◽  
Cadmium Lead

Samples of sea water were collected in Kangerdluarssuk in the summers of 1974 and 1975 (fig. 28) as part of the geochemical-ecological Narssaq project (Bohse et al., 1975; Nielsen et al., 1976). These have been analysed for dissolved zinc, cadmium, lead and copper by anodic stripping voltammetry (Table 5). Water samples were collected with teflon-coated 5 litre Universal Series water sampIers with drop messengers (Hydro-bios, Kiel). In 1974 the water samples were taken from GGU motor cutter N. V. Ussing, in May 1975 from M/S Adolf Jensen and in September 1975 from a rubber boat. The samples were kept in plastic canisters previously analysed for heavy elements.

Concentration of some Heavy Elements in Water , Sediment and Plants in Al-Gharraf River in Thi-Qar Province –South of Iraq

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-72
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Heavy Elements ◽  
Cadmium Lead ◽  
South Of Iraq ◽  
Cadmium And Lead

The present study was included to estimate the Concentration and distribution of selected Heavy elements Cadmium, Lead, Nickel and Zinc from water, sediment and two species of plant ( Phragmites australis and Ceratophyllim demersum). Also same physical characteristic of this river in water , samples were collected of three stations in Al-Gharraf River in order to investigates the possibility of pollution in this area with these elements .three station (Al-Fajr districts , Qal'at Sukkar districts and Al-Rifa'I districts) were chosen to execute this study during the period from May 2018 until February 2019. And the high temperature was recorded (13 ٥C in winter to 30 ٥C in summer), pH (7.44 to 7.8) and Turbidity (2.41 to 10.2)NTU. and salinity (0.01 to 0.069) ppt. Also all the heavy metals recorded a significant increase in water and Ceratophyllin demersum plant samples in the winter higher than summer and in the sediments and Phragmites australis plant the rise in the winter was only in the elements nickel and zinc, but in cadmium and lead were concentration low or do not make a big difference in the winter compared to the summer , Where the highest percentage of nickel and zinc in the sediments in the second and third stations respectively reached 86.2 mg / kg dry weight . The lowest concentration of cadmium concentration in water samples at the first station for the summer was 0.0021 mg / L . Where there is a positive relationship between the increase in concentrations of heavy metals in the samples studied and increase in the amount of rain , speed of runoff and the rise in water level in the river in winter due to the volume of rising smoke as a result of pollution which descends during the rainfall and erosion of the edges of the river and lack of control over the domestic sewage that has been brought into the river . As well as probable cause to exist Al-Gharraf oil field that newly established and located north of Fajr city, was considered a control station and opposite to the Qal'at Sukkar city and south of Al-Rifai city we can be observed through the results which show a gradual rise in the second and third stations and third station was higher than stations 1 and 2.

Assessment of land-use change in coastal areas through geographical information systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Verónica Lango-Reynoso ◽  
Karla Teresa González-Figueroa ◽  
Fabiola Lango-Reynoso ◽  
María del Refugio Castañeda-Chávez ◽  
Jesús Montoya-Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Coastal Ecosystems ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Computer Based

Objective: This article describes and analyzes the main concepts of coastal ecosystems, these as a result of research concerning land-use change assessments in coastal areas. Design/Methodology/Approach: Scientific articles were searched using keywords in English and Spanish. Articles regarding land-use change assessment in coastal areas were selected, discarding those that although being on coastal zones and geographic and soil identification did not use Geographic Information System (GIS). Results: A GIS is a computer-based tool for evaluating the land-use change in coastal areas by quantifying variations. It is analyzed through GIS and its contributions; highlighting its importance and constant monitoring. Limitations of the study/Implications: This research analyzes national and international scientific information, published from 2007 to 2019, regarding the land-use change in coastal areas quantified with the digital GIS tool. Findings/Conclusions: GIS are useful tools in the identification and quantitative evaluation of changes in land-use in coastal ecosystems; which require constant evaluation due to their high dynamism.

A protocol for sampling pastures in hill country

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 203-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.J. Hutchinson ◽  
D.R. Scobie ◽  
J. Beautrais ◽  
A.D. Mackay ◽  
G.M. Rennie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Accurate Estimate ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Topographic Complexity ◽  
Hill Country

To develop a protocol to guide pasture sampling for estimation of paddock pasture mass in hill country, a range of pasture sampling strategies, including random sampling, transects and stratification based on slope and aspect, were evaluated using simulations in a Geographical Information Systems computer environment. The accuracy and efficiency of each strategy was tested by sampling data obtained from intensive field measurements across several farms, regions and seasons. The number of measurements required to obtain an accurate estimate was related to the overall pasture mass and the topographic complexity of a paddock, with more variable paddocks requiring more samples. Random sampling from average slopes provided the best balance between simplicity and reliability. A draft protocol was developed from the simulations, in the form of a decision support tool, where visual determination of the topographic complexity of the paddock, along with the required accuracy, were used to guide the number of measurements recommended. The protocol was field tested and evaluated by groups of users for efficacy and ease of use. This sampling protocol will offer farmers, consultants and researchers an efficient, reliable and simple way to determine pasture mass in New Zealand hill country settings. Keywords: hill country, feed budgeting, protocol pasture mass, slope

Geoinformation research and vegetation mapping (digest based on the proceedings of the InterCarto. InterGIS conference. 1994–2020)

2020 ◽  
pp. 78-98
Author(s):  
T. V. Kotova
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Far East ◽  
Vegetation Mapping ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Ecological Functions ◽  
Geoinformation Technologies

Proceedings of the International conference (ИнтерКарто. ИнтерГИС, Russia) devoted to geographical information systems for sustainable development of territories have been published annually since 1994. The articles discuss theoretical and methodological aspects of geoinformation support for environmental, economic and social aspects of sustainable de­velop­ment, issues of geoinformatics, cartography, remote sensing of the Earth, problems of environmental sustainability and environmental impact assessment. Over a quarter of a century, the conference proceedings got more than 125 articles related to the use of geoinformation technologies to the study and mapping of vegetation. The review of proceedings gives the concrete examples how to solve problems of vegetation mapping using GIS, it is focused on publications providing some examples of GIS appli­cation to the vegetation studies. The review is organized into thematic sections according the field of application of Geoinformatics: 1.Vegetation, 2. Dynamics, state and ecological functions of vegetation, 3. Biodiversity and its assessment, 4. Plant resources, 5. Monitoring of vegetation. The Vegetation section contains publications on vegetation studies and mapping performed for some regions of Russia — the North of the Far East, the Republic of Sakha (Yaku­tia), the Tyva Republic, Central Siberia, and others. More than half of the articles are devoted to vegetation dynamics, state and ecological functions of vegetation at different hierarchical levels. Some papers present the results of the studies based on new types of information sources (photographs) and visualization methods (animation). The use of geoinformation technologies to study biological diversity was included in the agenda of five conference sessions and later reflected in more than ten publications. They cover the development and creation of GIS, the use of geoinformation technologies for the analysis, assessment and mapping of biodiversity, for its monitoring and conservation. Quite a large number of articles are devoted to the study of forest resources. GIS technologies were used to solve problems of forest management, cartometric analysis of forested areas, determination of taxation indicators, systematization of forest conditions, etc. Examples of geoinformation versatile research for medicinal plant resources are given to assess their quality, resources and productivity in the region, to identify growing areas, including ones to be protected. Most of the published materials concerning to vegetation monitoring mainly relate to forests and forest management.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document