scholarly journals International Trends in the Field of Forensic Science Standardization, Forensic Science Standardization in Europe, Experience of Bosnia and Herzegovina

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Trišić
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Science ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Forensic Analysis ◽  
International Exchange ◽  
Forensic Sciences ◽  
International Trends ◽  
Special Review ◽  
Activity Standardization ◽  
Crime Detection ◽  
Court Proceedings

The subject of this work is to present forensic science standardization trends in the world and in Europe with special review of the application of ISO/IEC 17025:2005 standard, which is a condition for forensic laboratory accreditation. Through the analysis of needs and constant efforts to make the forensic area simpler for cooperation and more practical for use, as well as to improve the quality of forensic analysis results and their acceptance beyond the borders of a country, the author will try to point out the significance of implementing this international standard, in terms of economics and cost-effectiveness, as well as overall rationality. Accepting and exchanging the best professional and scientific experiences, professional help and cooperation in the form of international exchange of forensic data bases, and unreserved acceptance of valid forensic laboratory results ensure the quality the forensic science and profession are striving for, as shown in the EU document titled “Creating a common European space for the forensic sciences 2020”. We believe that forensic activity standardization in Bosnia and Herzegovina will help in fighting terrorism and organized crime more effectively. In other words, the process of forensic analysis will be more valid and practical, forensic laboratories more competent, and court proceedings more effective through norming the forensic handling of evidence. Thus an important obligation of Bosnia and Herzegovina on its way to European integration will be fulfilled, because once a forensic laboratory receives an affirmation for its results, it becomes a benchmark for forensic analyses and crime detection.

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF ENDOSULPHAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Chellaian Justin Dhanaraj
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Forensic Science ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Forensic Analysis ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Forensic Sciences ◽  
Science Laboratory ◽  
Stomach Pain ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Endosulfan is an easily available insecticide and mainly used for agricultural purposes. Hence most of the villagers use endosulfan for committing suicide. The recent cases reported in toxicological laboratories show that suicide with endosulfan is increasing in these days. Endosulfan causes most degree of death because of its toxic effects. The toxicology division of forensic science laboratory plays vital role in analysis of poisons through Criminal Justice System. In every death case which is connected to the criminal justice system, the human viscera of deceased are sent to forensic sciences department for analysis.In a case report, the toxicology division received human viscera of a deceased from the forensic medicine department where a person was declared death after consuming endosulfan due to severe stomach pain. It was brought to toxicology division of forensic science laboratory where the type of poison was identified and estimated. Two methods such as thin layer chromatography and UV Visible spectrophotometry were adopted to analyse the human viscera. The forensic analysis includes solvent extraction, identification and estimation.

Forensic science evidence: Naive estimates of false positive error rates and reliability

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristy Martire ◽  
Agnes Bali ◽  
Kaye Ballantyne ◽  
Gary Edmond ◽  
Richard Kemp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Science ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Forensic Sciences ◽  
Positive Error ◽  
False Positive Error ◽  
Reliability Estimates ◽  
Positive Report ◽  
Science Evidence ◽  
Science Disciplines

We do not know how often false positive reports are made in a range of forensic science disciplines. In the absence of this information it is important to understand the naive beliefs held by potential jurors about forensic science evidence reliability. It is these beliefs that will shape evaluations at trial. This descriptive study adds to our knowledge about naive beliefs by: 1) measuring jury-eligible (lay) perceptions of reliability for the largest range of forensic science disciplines to date, over three waves of data collection between 2011 and 2016 (n = 674); 2) calibrating reliability ratings with false positive report estimates; and 3) comparing lay reliability estimates with those of an opportunity sample of forensic practitioners (n = 53). Overall the data suggest that both jury-eligible participants and practitioners consider forensic evidence highly reliable. When compared to best or plausible estimates of reliability and error in the forensic sciences these views appear to overestimate reliability and underestimate the frequency of false positive errors. This result highlights the importance of collecting and disseminating empirically derived estimates of false positive error rates to ensure that practitioners and potential jurors have a realistic impression of the value of forensic science evidence.

scholarly journals Impact of the Human Microbiome in Forensic Sciences: a Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (22) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel G. García ◽  
María D. Pérez-Cárceles ◽  
Eduardo Osuna ◽  
Isabel Legaz
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Forensic Science ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Postmortem Interval ◽  
Forensic Sciences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Microbiome Analysis ◽  
Location Of Death ◽  
Microbiome Research

ABSTRACT Numerous studies relate differences in microbial communities to human health and disease; however, little is known about microbial changes that occur postmortem or the possible applications of microbiome analysis in the field of forensic science. The aim of this review was to study the microbiome and its applications in forensic sciences and to determine the main lines of investigation that are emerging, as well as its possible contributions to the forensic field. A systematic review of the human microbiome in relation to forensic science was carried out by following PRISMA guidelines. This study sheds light on the role of microbiome research in the postmortem interval during the process of decomposition, identifying death caused by drowning or sudden death, locating the geographical location of death, establishing a connection between the human microbiome and personal items, sexual contact, and the identification of individuals. Actinomycetaceae, Bacteroidaceae, Alcaligenaceae, and Bacilli play an important role in determining the postmortem interval. Aeromonas can be used to determine the cause of death, and Corynebacterium or Helicobacter pylori can be used to ascertain personal identity or geographical location. Several studies point to a promising future for microbiome analysis in the different fields of forensic science, opening up an important new area of research.

scholarly journals Uloga institucije ombudsmena i sudova u sudskim postupcima povodom slučajeva diskriminacije u Bosni i Hercegovini

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 667-683
Author(s):  
Mirza Čaušević
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
General Information ◽  
Direct Discrimination ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Law ◽  
Court Proceedings ◽  
The Individual

When reading the article’s title, it is important to emphasize the role and importance of the Institution of the Ombudsman for Human Rights of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the most important national institution for the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms. Consequently, according to the logic of thinking, it can be clearly concluded that the most important segment of action, above mentioned national institution, is to prevent or eliminate all forms of indirect and direct discrimination. Accordingly, the author decided, in addition to introductory and concluding considerations, to divide the article into four (4) parts. The first part of the article entitled “Theoretical Determination of Discrimination” provides general information on the concept, different forms and types of discrimination in accordance with the Law on Prohibition of Discrimination in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Unlike the first, in the second part of the article “The Role of the Ombudsman in the Probation of Discrimination Proceedings”, the Ombudsman aims to present the legal position of the ombudsman in court proceedings, with the mandatory indication of the conditions for initiating the proceedings on his own behalf, representing the individual and intervening in the ongoing proceedings. Through practical examples, the author seeks to emphasize the importance, role and importance of the ombudsman in court proceedings. Subsequently, in the third part of the “Role of Courts in the Probation of Discrimination Proceedings”, the author concentrates that, by using the Law on Prohibition of Discrimination, he presents court judgments that discriminate the education system of the Central Bosnia and Herzegovina Canton (non) discriminatory on the basis of the existing segregation in so called. “Two schools under one roof”. Thus, this section primarily analyzes the rejection of the aforementioned claims. Finally, in the fourth (working) section entitled “The Probation of Discrimination Proceeding before the Supreme Court of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina”, the author presents positive and negative examples in the work of the Supreme Court of FBiH, and above all clarifies the process of proving discrimination before this court instance. The aim of this paper is to investigate the legal background of the Institution of the Ombudsman for Human Rights in Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as judicial instances from the aspect of domestic (national) law, while, on the other hand, special attention is devoted to the actions of the FBiH Supreme Court in cases of discrimination.

A Model Science-Based Learning STEM Program

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Cieslinski ◽  
Mohamed Gharib ◽  
Brady Creel ◽  
Tala Katbeh
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Science ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Forensic Analysis ◽  
Critical Thinking Skills ◽  
Infrared Analysis ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Engineering And Technology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Materials Used

Abstract In this paper, a model STEM program called Engineering Heroes: Qatar Special Investigators (QSI), aimed to familiarize young students with science and engineering in real life applications, is presented. The program theme is about forensic science and technology, which included science and engineering activities with hands-on projects to challenge students’ science and critical thinking skills. Throughout the program, students learned about forensic science as an application of science, engineering and technology to collect, preserve, and analyze evidence to be used in the course of a legal investigation. Participants learned the history of forensic analysis and how it evolved into today’s specialized career field. Forensic specialists include backgrounds in chemistry, physics, biology, toxicology, chemical and electrical engineering. Topics included in the program were a study of toxicology and chemical analysis, assays to determine drug contents, fingerprint development, environmental contamination, chromatography in forgery, presumptive vs. confirmatory testing, scanning electron microscopy, infrared analysis, and evidence handling techniques. The details of the program are presented, including the contents, preparation, materials used, case studies, and final crime scene investigation, which featured the learning outcomes.

2000-2004 Yılları Arasında Science Citation Index’de Taranan Türkiye Kaynaklı Adli Tıp Yayınlarının Değerlendirilmesi

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
Yasemin Balcı ◽  
Gürcan Altun ◽  
Muharrem Teyin
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Science ◽  
Forensic Medicine ◽  
Science Citation Index ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Citation Index ◽  
Science Citation ◽  
Legal Medicine ◽  
Forensic Sciences ◽  
Journal Citation Reports ◽  
Journal Citation

Bilim insanlarının kendi alanlarındaki gelişmeleri izlemeleri kadar, yapmış oldukları araştırmaları diğer araştırmacılarla paylaşmaları da önemlidir. Uzun zaman alan ve yoğun emek ürünü olan bilimsel çalışmaların sonuçlarmı, bilim insanları ile paylaşmak ve kalıcılığını sağlamak açısından en doğru yol uluslararası kabul gören seçkin dergilerde yayınlamaktır. Bu çalışmada; 2000-2004 yılları arasındaki 5 yıllık süreçte, ülkemizdeki adli tıp uzman ve asistanlarının katkılarıyla yapılan uluslararası yayınları TUBITAK-Uluslararası Bilimsel Yayınları Teşvik Programı ölçütlerine göre değerlendirmek ve bu yayınların Türkiye adresli Science Citation Index - Journal Citation Reports kapsamındaki yayınlara katkısını araştırmak amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, “Pubmed” ve “Web of Science” veri tabanlarından yararlanılmıştır. 01.01.2000 - 31.12.2004 tarihleri arasındaki 5 yıllık sürede, Web of Science veri tabanı kapsamındaki dergilerde, yazarları içinde ülkemizden adli tıp alanında çalışanların bulunduğu toplam 86 yayın yapılmıştır. Türkiye kaynaklı tüm yayınlara olan katkı oranı, son iki yılda binde 1.1’den binde 2.3’e yükselmiştir. Yayınların 70’inin (%81.4) tam makale, 15’inin (%17.4) tam makale dışı olduğu saptanmıştır. TÜBİTAK-Uluslararası Bilimsel Yayınları Teşvik Programı ölçütlerine göre, yayınların 3’ü (%3.5) A Grubu, 54’ü (%62.8) B Grubu, 23’ü (%26.7) C Grubu dergi listelerinde yer almaktadır. Yazar sayısı 4 ve daha fazla olan yayınlar, toplam yayınların %79.1’i oluşturmaktadır. Forensic Science International, 24 (%27.9) yayınla en fazla yayının yapıldığı dergi olup adli tıp alanındaki dergilerde (Forensic Science International, American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, Journal of Forensic Sciences, International Journal of Legal Medicine) yapılan yaymlar toplam yayınların %39.5’ini oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın, adli tıp alanmdaki uluslararası yayınların geliştirilmesine katkıda bulunacağı düşünülmüştür.Anahtar kelimeler: Adli tıp, Science Citation Index, Türkiye

scholarly journals Digital Forensic Science: A Manifesto

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin S Olivier
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Science ◽  
Forensic Sciences ◽  
Digital Forensic ◽  
Forensic Examination ◽  
The Family

Forensic examination of evidence holds the promise of making claims about the truth of certain propositions with the inherent accuracy and reliability that characterises scientific endeavours. The propositions may relate to the artefacts examined or related artefacts. The nature of propositions about which claims can be made depend on the extent to which given propositions fall within the ambit of scientific knowledge and on the extent to which the examined evidence is suitable for the application of established science. A continuing series of incidents illustrate that in many forensic disciplines that promise is not met — often because some branch of forensic science happen to not being scientific at all. In fact, serious assessments of forensic science have shown that many (if not most) branches of forensic science are not scientifically valid. Digital forensic science is one of the newest members of the family of forensic sciences. A number of reasons for concern exist that it is following in the footsteps of its more established footsteps and repeating many of the mistakes of those other branches of forensic science. This viewpoint is written in the form of a manifesto that is situated in the current discourse about digital forensic science and practice. If challenges the current developments in digital forensic science by positing a number of demands that digital forensic science have to meet to be deemed scientific. The demands are posited as necessary, but not sufficient to ensure that digital forensic science uses science to contribute to justice. Appropriate responses to the manifesto is a change in digital forensic developments or an informed debate about the issues raised in the manifesto.

scholarly journals The Establishment of Expertology as an Independent Complex Discipline. The Connections between Expertology and Court Procedure, Forensic Science and the Norms of the Substantive Law

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
Svetlana Lukoshkina ◽  
Lyubov Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Science ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Forensic Analysis ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Independent Research ◽  
Special Person ◽  
Special Knowledge ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Substantive Law

The authors examine the establishment of expertology as an independent complex discipline connected with other branches of legal theory. They conclude that an expert occupies a universal position regardless of the type of court procedure, and that the foundations of forensic analysis are of a complex nature. They also study the connection between expertology, criminal court procedure and other types of procedures, forensic science, psychology and substantive branches of law. It is concluded that the theoretical bases of these disciplines could be enriched by the achievements of forensic work, the development of science and technology. The authors draw parallels between research approaches, different established points of view and practical achievements regarding the issue under consideration. Expertology is presented as an independent research branch (discipline), which justifies the need for a special person who uses special knowledge and is given a procedural status under the current Russian legislation. The problem of the unification of corresponding rights, duties and liabilities in various types of legal activities is described.

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