Formulation of an Ointment from Hydroethanolic Extract of Terminalia ivorensis and Therapeutic Trial on Volunteers with Moths

This study was conducted to make a contribution in the treatment of dermatosis, particularly moths. Ointments of different concentrations made from the hydroethanolic extract of Terminalia ivorensis and shea butter were used. The best results were obtained with the following concentrations: C4: 0.01 g/mL; C5: 0.0125 g/mL; C6: 0.015 g/mL and C10: 0.025 g/mL for trichophytic clipping moth on eleven (11) selected persons with ringworm and C9: 0.0225 g/mL for microsporic clipping moth on one (1) person. The present study really provides the scientific basis for the use of this plant in the traditional treatment of diseases and may help to discover new chemical classes of antifungal substances that could serve as selective agents for infectious disease chemotherapy.

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Effects of Hydroethanolic Extract of Adenia lobata (Jacq.) Engl. (Passifloraceae) on Nociception and Subsequent Anxiety-like Behavior: Both Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Approaches

European Journal of Medicinal Plants ◽

10.9734/ejmp/2021/v32i830407 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 10-22

Author(s):

Pacôme Kouadio N’Go ◽

Lazare Tehoua ◽

Eric-Kevin Gbouhoury Bolou ◽

Aicha Salamentou Touré ◽

Antoine Némé Tako

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Experimental Pain ◽

Scientific Basis ◽

Protein Thiol ◽

Hot Plate ◽

Hot Plate Test ◽

Stress Markers ◽

Plus Maze ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Hydroethanolic Extract

Aims: Adenia lobata (Jacq.) Engl. (Passifloraceae) is widely used in Ivorian traditional pharmacopeia to heal various chronic diseases, relieve headache and pain of gingiva inflammation, and facilitate labor. Here, we investigated the effects of hydroethanolic extract Adenia lobata (HEAL) on nociceptive pain and subsequent anxiety-like behavior. Materials and Methods: We used several experimental pain tests as the writhing, formalin and hot plate to evaluate both antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory actions of the extract. Anxiety related to nociception was tested with open field and elevated plus maze tests. Then, mice were sacrificed for assessing some oxidative stress markers. Results: The extract of 30 mg/kg, p.o. reduced in the similar manner as reference peripheral drug salcylicacetic acid (ASA, 200 mg/kg, i.p.) the number of writhings induced by acid acetic. In both neurogenic and inflammatory phases of formalin test, the extract demonstrated an effective antinociceptive activity than ASA, but comparable to central analgesic tramadol (50 mg/kg, i.p). However, Adenia lobata reduced lesser thermal-induced pain than tramadol in hot plate test, but significantly compared to ASA. Furthermore, HEAL altered anxiety-like behavior in each case of the pain condition studied. Also, the extract showed the highest antioxidant activity by reduction oxide nitric (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and increase non protein thiol (NP-SH) levels. Conclusion: In conclusion, HEAL possesses antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory actions on peripheral and central mechanisms of pain. The phytochemicals components of the extract as alkaloids and flavonoids suggest to interact with the opioid system and combat the oxidative stress, respectively. Our findings provide scientific basis for the use of Adenia lobata in traditional medicine against pain and related diseases.

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The Overton Window and a Less Dogmatic Approach to Antibiotics

Clinical Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/cid/ciz984 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (11) ◽

pp. 2439-2441

Author(s):

Daniel J Morgan

Keyword(s):

Infectious Disease ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Trial Design ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Traditional Treatment ◽

Noninferiority Trial ◽

New Antibiotics

Abstract This analysis summarizes a set of recent, innovative trials in infectious diseases that redefine previous, non–evidence based “rules” for antibiotics. Recent trials in infectious diseases have led to reconsidering the traditional treatment of infectious diseases by changing the duration or type of traditional antibiotics or evaluating new antibiotics for approval. These trials have used the noninferiority trial approach. The noninferiority trial design and recent infectious disease trials of relevance are discussed in this viewpoint. My objective was to analyze recent trials in infectious disease and consider needs for future trials.

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Beninese Medicinal Plants as a Source of Antimycobacterial Agents: Bioguided Fractionation andIn VitroActivity of Alkaloids Isolated fromHolarrhena floribundaUsed in Traditional Treatment of Buruli Ulcer

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/835767 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Achille Yemoa ◽

Joachim Gbenou ◽

Dissou Affolabi ◽

Mansourou Moudachirou ◽

André Bigot ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Buruli Ulcer ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Antimycobacterial Activity ◽

Mycobacterium Ulcerans ◽

Traditional Treatment ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Antimycobacterial Agents ◽

Pharmacologically Active ◽

Hydroethanolic Extract

Buruli ulcer (BU) imposes a serious economic burden on affected households and on health systems that are involved in diagnosing the disease and treating patients. Research is needed to find cost-effective therapies for this costly disease. Plants have always been an important source of new pharmacologically active molecules. Consequently we decided to undertake the study of plants used in traditional treatment of BU in Benin and investigate their antimycobacterial activity as well as their chemical composition. Extracts from forty-four (44) plant species were selected on account of reported traditional uses for the treatment of BU in Benin and were assayed for antimycobacterial activities. Crude hydroethanolic extract from aerial parts ofHolarrhena floribunda(G. Don) T. Durand and Schinz was found to have significant antimycobacterial activity againstM.ulcerans(MIC = 125 µg/mL). We describe here the identification of four steroidal alkaloids fromMycobacterium ulceransgrowth-inhibiting fractions of the alkaloidal extract of the aerial parts ofHolarrhena floribunda. Holadysamine was purified in sufficient amount to allow the determination of its MCI (=50 µg/mL). These results give some support to the use of this plant in traditional medicine.

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Antisnake venom activity and isolation of quercetin from the leaf of Neocarya macrophylla (Sabine) Prance ex F. White (Malpighiales: Chrysobalanaceae)

Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.21472/bjbs.061306 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (13) ◽

pp. 381-389 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. J. Yusuf ◽

M. I. Abdullahi ◽

A. M. Musa ◽

A. K. Haruna ◽

V. Mzozoyana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liquid Chromatography ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Soluble Fraction ◽

Gel Filtration ◽

Scientific Basis ◽

Traditional Treatment ◽

Snake Envenomation ◽

Nmr Data ◽

Pla2 Enzyme ◽

Vacuum Liquid Chromatography

Snake envenomation is a major cause of death and disability in many developing countries. Neocarya macrophylla (Sabine) Prance ex F. White (Malpighiales: Chrysobalanaceae) have been reportedly used in traditional medicine to treat snake envenomation. Bioassay-guided isolation of antivenom principles was carried out on the leaf of N. macrophylla against Naja nigricollis venom. The methanol extract of N. macrophylla leaf and its ethylacetate and n-butanol fraction significantly (P < 0.05) protected mice against venom-induced lethality with 100% survival rate and there was remarkable inhibition of the poisonous effects of PLA2 enzyme by the extracts and the fractions. Encouraged by this result, the ethylacetate soluble fraction was subjected to purification using vacuum liquid chromatography and gel filtration which led to the isolation of quercetin as the bioactive principle. The identity of the compound was determined on the basis of chemical tests, and by comparison of its 1H-NMR data with literature, this is the first report of isolation of this compound from the leaf of the plant. However, the results of the study suggests that the leaf of N. macrophylla possess significant antisnake venom activity which provide the scientific basis for its use in traditional treatment of snakebites.

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The Replication-Transmission Relativity Theory for Multiscale Modelling of Infectious Disease Systems

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-52820-3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Winston Garira

Keyword(s):

Infectious Disease ◽

Relativistic Theory ◽

Multiscale Model ◽

Scientific Basis ◽

Multiscale Modelling ◽

Relativity Theory ◽

Disease Dynamics ◽

Reciprocal Influence ◽

The Relationship ◽

Modelling Methods

Abstract It is our contention that for multiscale modelling of infectious disease systems to evolve and expand in scope, it needs to be founded on a theory. Such a theory would improve our ability to describe infectious disease systems in terms of their scales and levels of organization, and their inter-relationships. In this article we present a relativistic theory for multiscale modelling of infectious disease systems, that can be considered as an extension of the relativity principle in physics, called the replication-transmission relativity theory. This replication-transmission relativity theory states that at any level of organization of an infectious disease system there is no privileged/absolute scale which would determine, disease dynamics, only interactions between the microscale and macroscale. Such a relativistic theory provides a scientific basis for a systems level description of infectious disease systems using multiscale modelling methods. The central idea of this relativistic theory is that at every level of organization of an infectious disease system, the reciprocal influence between the microscale and the macroscale establishes a pathogen replication-transmission multiscale cycle. We distinguish two kinds of reciprocal influence between the microscale and the macroscale based on systematic differences in their conditions of relevancy. Evidence for the validity of the replication-transmission relativity theory is presented using a multiscale model of hookworm infection that is developed at host level when the relationship between the microscale and the macroscale is described by one of the forms of reciprocal influence.

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Tissue section lifting for electron microscopy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100081292 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 86-87

Author(s):

Adrian F. van Dellen

Keyword(s):

Infectious Disease ◽

Electron Microscopy ◽

Tissue Culture ◽

Organ System ◽

Surrounding Tissue ◽

Paraffin Sections ◽

Surface Areas ◽

Specific Determination ◽

High Degree ◽

Accuracy And Repeatability

The morphologic pathologist may require information on the ultrastructure of a non-specific lesion seen under the light microscope before he can make a specific determination. Such lesions, when caused by infectious disease agents, may be sparsely distributed in any organ system. Tissue culture systems, too, may only have widely dispersed foci suitable for ultrastructural study. In these situations, when only a few, small foci in large tissue areas are useful for electron microscopy, it is advantageous to employ a methodology which rapidly selects a single tissue focus that is expected to yield beneficial ultrastructural data from amongst the surrounding tissue. This is in essence what "LIFTING" accomplishes. We have developed LIFTING to a high degree of accuracy and repeatability utilizing the Microlift (Fig 1), and have successfully applied it to tissue culture monolayers, histologic paraffin sections, and tissue blocks with large surface areas that had been initially fixed for either light or electron microscopy.

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