COMBUSTION OF PSI-NACLO4 ■ H2O COMPOSITIONS WITH MICROPARTICLES OF NANOSTRUCTURED SILICON AT THE NEAR-STOICHIOMETRIC EQUIVALENCE RATIOS OF COMPONENTS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. N. MIRONOV ◽  
◽  
O. G. PENYAZKOV ◽  
E. S. GOLOMAKO ◽  
S. O. SHUMLYAEV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porous Silicon ◽  
Microelectromechanical Systems ◽  
Energetic Material ◽  
Sodium Perchlorate ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Solid Fuels ◽  
Nanoporous Silicon ◽  
Nanostructured Silicon ◽  
Initiation And Propagation ◽  
Composite Solid

Currently, various groups of scientists are investigating the possibility of using nanostructured porous silicon as promising solid fuels (or additives to composite solid fuels) and as miniature energy sources for microelectromechanical systems. The results presented in the paper demonstrate the prospects of the proposed novations aimed at increasing the efficiency of nanoporous silicon as an energetic material. They are based on the use of mounds of porous silicon fragments treated with sodium perchlorate solutions and dried under low warming (MPSF-composites) as energy composites. For example, when the weights of the MPSF-composites and the porous layer composites on monocrystal substrates treated with sodium perchlorate solutions (PS-composites) are close to each other, the overpressure at the front of the shock waves developing at the initiation and propagation of combustion in the case of MPSF-composites is 5-6 times higher.

FAST COMBUSTION MODES OF COMPOSITES "MOUND OF POROUS SILICON FRAGMENTS-SODIUM PERCHLORATE MONOHYDRATE" IN THE ATMOSPHERE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. N. MIRONOV ◽  
◽  
O. G. PENYAZKOV ◽  
E. S. GOLOMAKO ◽  
S. O. SHUMLYAEV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porous Silicon ◽  
Energetic Material ◽  
Sodium Perchlorate ◽  
Nanostructured Silicon ◽  
Combustion Modes ◽  
Potential Use

Numerous studies have demonstrated the potential use of porous silicon (pSi) as an energetic material. However, there are a number of dificulties in such an application of nanostructured silicon. Here are two of the most serious dificulties.

Exploring the Length Scale Limits of Porous Silicon Combustion

2015 ◽  
Vol 1758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas W. Piekiel ◽  
Christopher J. Morris ◽  
Wayne A. Churaman ◽  
David M. Lunking
Keyword(s):  
Porous Silicon ◽  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Energetic Material ◽  
Sodium Perchlorate ◽  
Flame Speed ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Length Scale ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Thermal Insulator ◽  
On Chip

ABSTRACTThe present study explores the burning of microscale porous silicon channels with sodium perchlorate. These on-chip porous silicon energetics were embedded in crystalline silicon, and therefore surrounded on three sides by an efficient thermal conductor. For slow burning systems, this presents complications as heat loss to the crystalline silicon substrate can result in inconsistent burning or flame extinction. We investigated <100 μm wide porous silicon strips, sparsely filled with sodium perchlorate (NaClO4), to probe the limits of on-chip combustion. Four different etch times were attempted to decrease the dimensions of the porous silicon strips. The smallest size achieved was 12 x 64 µm, and despite the small dimensions, demonstrated the same flame speed as the larger porous silicon strips of 6-7 m/s. We predict that unreacted porous silicon acts as a thermal insulator to aid combustion for slow burning porous silicon channels, and SEM images provide evidence to support this. We also investigated the small scale combustion of a rapidly burning sample (∼1200 m/s). Despite the rapid flame speed, the propagation followed a designed, winding flame path. The use of these small scale porous silicon samples could significantly reduce the energetic material footprint for future microscale applications.

scholarly journals The preparation of composite solid fuels in the roll press

2019 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 02001
Author(s):  
Bogdan Kosturkiewicz ◽  
Andrzej Janewicz
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Solid Fuels ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Polish Government ◽  
Council Of Ministers ◽  
Composite Solid

Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources and amending and subsequently repealing Directives 2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC, and the annex to resolution 202/2009 of the Council of Ministers of 10 November 2009 on the energy policy of Poland until up to 2030 indicate the necessity of increasing the contribution of renewable fuels in the energy balance of Poland. This increase is supposed to strengthen Polish energy security. The undertakings of the Polish government indicate the increase in utilisation of various renewable energy sources such as biomass. Due to that, new technologies connected with the management of the traditional energy sources, such as lignite, have to be developed. Due to its high moisture, lignite is perceived as a lowefficiency fuel. The calorific value of lignite can be improved upon by mixing it with biomass, e.g. sawdust, and briquetting it in roll presses equipped with asymmetrical layout compacting system. Such technology can be used only if the mixed ingredients are adequately prepared beforehand. Research in this field has been conducted in the Department of Manufacturing Systems AGH University of Science and Technology in Cracow. Based on this research, PW 500 roll press design was prepared. PW 500 roll press is prepared for briquetting composite solid fuels based on a mixture of lignite extracted in Szczerców and two types of biomass: oat straws and spruce sawdust. The results of the aforementioned briquetting are presented in this article.

Quantification of Oxidizer Systems for Porous Silicon Combustion

2015 ◽  
Vol 1758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ani Abraham ◽  
Nicholas W. Piekiel ◽  
Cory R. Knick ◽  
Christopher J. Morris ◽  
Edward Dreizin
Keyword(s):  
Porous Silicon ◽  
Gas Adsorption ◽  
Energetic Material ◽  
Sodium Perchlorate ◽  
Metal Nitrate ◽  
Etch Depth ◽  
Bomb Calorimetry ◽  
Combustion Dynamics ◽  
Moisture Stability ◽  
On Chip

ABSTRACTWe present the first quantitative assessment of combustion dynamics of on-chip porous silicon (PS) energetic material using sulfur and nitrate-based oxidizers with potential for improved moisture stability and/or minimized environmental impact compared to sodium perchlorate (NaClO4). Material properties of the PS films were characterized using gas adsorption porosimetry, and profilometry to calculate specific surface area, porosity and etch depth. The PS/sulfur energetic composite was formed using three pore loading techniques, where the combustion speeds ranged from 2.9 – 290 m/s. The nitrate-based oxidizers were solution-deposited using different compatible solvents, and depending on the metal-nitrate yielded combustion speeds of 3.1 – 21 m/s. Additionally, the combustion enthalpies from bomb calorimetry experiments are reported for the alternative PS/oxidizer systems in both nitrogen and oxygen environments.

ON THE MECHANISMS OF POROUS SILICON COMBUSTION IN OXYGEN AND AIR ATMOSPHERE WHEN SODIUM PERCHLORATE IS INCORPORATED IN PORES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. N. MIRONOV ◽  
◽  
O. G. PENYAZKOV ◽  
P. N. KRIVOSHEYEV ◽  
I. A. IVANOV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porous Silicon ◽  
Porous Layer ◽  
Sodium Perchlorate ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Joule Heat ◽  
Air Atmosphere ◽  
Breakdown Region ◽  
Ignition And Combustion ◽  
Heating Up

The processes of pSi ignition and combustion in oxygen are described. When spark ignition in the porous layer releases the Joule heat, it leads to a significant heating-up of the breakdown region.

Thermal Analysis of the Exothermic Reaction between Galvanic Porous Silicon and Sodium Perchlorate

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 2998-3003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Collin R. Becker ◽  
Luke J. Currano ◽  
Wayne A. Churaman ◽  
Conrad R. Stoldt
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Porous Silicon ◽  
Exothermic Reaction ◽  
Sodium Perchlorate

Light Controlled Photoluminescence Relaxation in Porous Silicon

1994 ◽  
Vol 358 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Czaputa ◽  
R. Fritzl ◽  
A. Popitsch
Keyword(s):  
Porous Silicon ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Relaxation Effect ◽  
Ambient Atmosphere ◽  
Surface Chemical ◽  
Dangling Bond ◽  
Nanoporous Silicon ◽  
Pl Intensity ◽  
Modification Of The Surface

ABSTRACTWe report results of photoluminescence (PL), FTIR and ESR investigations on nanoporous silicon (PS) where a reversible PL intensity relaxation effect in the chemically oxidised material is observed. To be activated the effect needs, however, additional preparation steps including light irradiation and ageing in ambient atmosphere. After illumination with visible light, the PL intensity is remarkably diminished. However it recovers in the dark within the time scale of minutes to hours under ambient atmosphere at room temperature. This cycle can be repeated several times. We show that the variation of the PL intensity is anticorrelated to an ESR signal attributed to silicon dangling bonds. From the IR spectrum, however, no significant change of the pore surface chemical structure can be observed during a cycle. Therefore we conclude that the variation of the PL intensity is rather controlled by a metastable change in the number of dangling bond centers than by modification of the surface chemistry in the porous silicon system.

scholarly journals Detection of Acetonitrile and Chloroform Using Structures on the Base of Porous Silicon

2019 ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
S.M. Manakov ◽  
M.K. Ibraimov ◽  
Ye. Sagidolda ◽  
Sh.A. Zhumatova ◽  
M.B. Darmenkulova
Keyword(s):  
Porous Silicon ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Electrochemical Etching ◽  
Scanning Probe ◽  
Sensitive Material ◽  
Nanoporous Silicon ◽  
Planar Structures ◽  
Probe Microscope ◽  
Adsorption Phenomena

In this work porous silicon samples obtained by electrochemical etching were investigated. Using scanning probe microscope the morphology of porous silicon samples was studied. To determine the thickness of the porous layer and the pore diameter, micrographs were obtained using a scanning electron microscope. The dimensions of the nanocrystallites were determined from the Raman spectra. For the detection of vapors of organic compounds, planar structures were used. The results of the study confirmed the possibility of using nanoporous silicon as a sensitive material for the determination of acetonitrile and chloroform vapors. It is shown that the adsorption phenomena in porous silicon depend on its structure and morphology. It is established that the humidity of the air when detecting the vapors of organic compounds under investigation has a significant effect on the sensitivity. It is also shown that such structures can be used as instruments for measuring air humidity.

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