scholarly journals BIOGENIC SILICA SEDIMENTATION ON THE SHELF AND CONTINENTAL SLOPE OF THE BLACK SEA

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-89
Author(s):  
O.P. Olshtynska ◽  
G.M. Ivanova ◽  
I.I. Pustovoit
Keyword(s):  
Continental Slope ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Water Area ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Marine Geology ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Material Input

Investigation of the marine sediments processes, regularities of their accumulation in the inland seas is one of the main tasks of marine geology and sedimentology. Biogenic sedimentation is extremely important in the general sediment deposition cycle in the Black Sea basin. This article provides an overview of the literature and analysis of our own research of the distribution of biogenic siliceous deposits in Holocene bottom sediments on the shelf and continental slope of the Black Sea. The composition and conditions of biosilicates formation, their relationship with coccolithic silts and sapropels in sedimentary strata, sources and forms of siliceous biogenic matter input, the dynamics of transformation of modern bottom sediments, as well as the influence of various environmental factors on the process of sedimentary accumulation of silica in the Black Sea basin in the late quarter are considered. The relevance of the topic is caused by insufficient coverage of a number of issues regarding the sources of mobilization and the nature of material input, the features of the origin and deposition of silicate biogenic matter in the basin, paleogeoecological factors that influenced on sedimentogenesis in the late Quarter. The study of the formation processes of modern bottom sediments in a wide range of facies conditions is of undoubted practical importance for diverse geological, sedimentological and facies research, both fundamental and applied, related to prospecting, exploration and exploitation of minerals, as well as for using the results obtained in the development of marine water area.

scholarly journals Engineering geophysical studies in the Black Sea from onboard the R/V Ashamba during 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-320
Author(s):  
N. N. Dmitrevskiy ◽  
R. A. Ananyev
Keyword(s):  
Transition Zone ◽  
Continental Slope ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Water Area ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Echo Sounder

In May and October 2017, expeditionary research was carried out in the area of Gelendzhik in the Black Sea at the R/V «Ashamba». The main tasks were the mapping of the seabed and the search for small-sized objects at the bottom of the water area using a WASSP WMB-3250 multibeam echo sounder. Surveys included areal surveying and drawing up bathymetric maps of test sites in Gelendzhik Bay and in the transition zone from the shelf to the continental slope. In addition, the echo sounder was used to search and determine the exact coordinates of the bottom seismograph installed at the seabed near the Divnomorskoye village in May 2016. The article presents the results of the work carried out.

Organic Matter of Bottom Sediments of the Crimean and Caucasian Coasts (Azov and Black Seas)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Tikhonova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Water Area ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Sea Of Azov ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
The Sea Of Azov

As part of the 113th cruise of the R/V “Professor Vodyanitsky”, research was conducted on organic pollution of bottom sediments in the coastal areas of Crimea and the Caucasus, as well as the water area in front of the Kerch Strait. Concentration of chloroformextractable substances was determined by the weight method and that of petroleum hydrocarbons was determined using infrared spectrometry. Both in 2020 and 2016 (the 83d cruise of the R/V “Professor Vodyanitsky”), properties of the bottom sediments of the Crimean and Caucasian coasts were typical of the marine soils of this region. This indicates that the studied water areas are generally in good condition. In accordance with the regional classification of bottom sediment pollution, the maximum concentrations of chloroform-extractable substances obtained for both the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov coast indicate pollution level III (23% of analysed samples). These values were found in bottom sediments in the Sevastopol water area (225 mg·100 g-1), in the coastal area of Cape Tarkhankut (120 mg·100 g-1) and Karadag (120 mg·100 g-1), the southern part of the Sea of Azov (125 mg·100 g-1) and Tuapse (110 mg·100 g-1). The content of chloroform-extractable substances in bottom sediments off the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus and the Sea of Azov coast is slightly lower than that off the Crimean coast. Pollution level II is assigned to bottom sediments in 46 % of the samples, with an average concentration of 72 mg·100 g-1 of air-dry solids. The rest (31 %) of the studied area was classified as conditionally clean (pollution level I, i. e. less than 50 mg·100 g-1). There has been a slight increase in the concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons in the bottom sediments of both the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov and their share in the total amount of chloroformextractable substances. In general, the level of pollution of bottom sediments by organic matter remained unchanged if compared with previous years, in particular with the data from 2016

Marine Actinobacteria – Producers of Enzymes with α-L-Rhamnosidase

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
L.D. Varbanets ◽  
◽  
O.V. Gudzenko ◽  
V.A. Ivanytsia ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Marine Actinobacteria ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lowry Method ◽  
The Cost

In recent years researchers have attracted their attention to such glycosidases as α-L-rhamnosidase (α-L-rhamnoside-rhamnohydrolase – EC 3.2.1.40). The substrates of their action are widespread in the plant world glycosides such as naringin, quercetrin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, and rutin, from which α-L-rhamnosidases cleave the terminal unreduced L-rhamnose residues. This specificity of α-L-rhamnosidases can be used in various industries: food – to improve the quality of drinks (reducing bitterness in citrus juices, enhancing the aroma of wines), as well as production of food additives; in the pharmaceutical industry – to improve the biological properties of bioflavonoids, in particular anti-inflammatory. A number of them are characterized by cardio- and radioprotective effects, have antioxidant, cytotoxic, antibacterial, antisclerotic properties, and are used in the complex treatment of coronary heart disease, including angina pectoris. The use of α-L-rhamnosidases in the chemical industry is associated with a reduction in the cost of rhamnose production as well as various plant glycosides and rutinosides. In the literature available to us, no data were found on the producers of α-L-rhamnosidases among the representatives of actinobacteria, which are known to synthesize a wide range of biologically active compounds, including antibiotics and enzymes. Purpose. To study the ability of actinobacteria isolated from water and bottom sediments of the Black Sea, to produce a-L-rhamnosidase, and also to study the properties of the most active producer. Methods. Glycosidase activity was determined by the Romero and Davis methods, protein – by the Lowry method. Results. The study of 12 glycosidase activities in 10 strains of actinobacteria isolated from bottom sediments of the Black Sea indicated that 6 investigated strains showed the ability to synthesize an enzyme with a-L-rhamnosidase and b-D-glucosidase activity. Studies have shown that the highest α-L-rhamnosidase activity (0.14 U/mg protein) was manifested by Acty 5 isolate with an optimum pH of 7.0 and a temperature optimum of 38°C. The enzyme preparation showed substrate specificity both for natural (rutin, naringin, neohesperidin) and synthetic (p-nitrophenyl derivatives of L-rhamnose and D-glucose) substrates. Conclusions. Promising Acty 5 isolate with high a-L-rhamnosidase and low b-Dglucosidase activity was found among marine actinobacteria. Bacteria with two enzymes activity expand the possibilities of their practical use.

scholarly journals Organic substances of sea bottom sediments in conditions of the coast urbanization (for example Kazachiya Bay, The Black Sea)

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-242
Author(s):  
O. V. Soloveva ◽  
E. A. Tikhonova ◽  
T. L. Klimenko ◽  
G. V. Skrupnik ◽  
T. V. Votinova
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Water Area ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Sea Bottom ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions ◽  
Coastal Urbanization ◽  
The Impact

The data on the hydrocarbons compound in the sea bottom sediments of adjacent water area to the zone of mass cottage building (Kazachiya Bay, the coast of Sevastopol, the Black Sea) are given. As a result of the survey conducted in the summer of 2015, pH, Eh, natural moisture, chloroform extractable substances, oil hydrocarbons, petroleum products, polyaromatic hydrocarbons and n-paraffins in the sea bottom sediments of the water area were determined. Areas with unfavorable and moderately adverse environmental conditions are identified. The impact of coastal urbanization on the deterioration condition of the sea bottom sediment is shown.

scholarly journals Monitoring of the cyanobacteria composition in bottom sediments of the water area of the Black and Azov seas along the coast of Crimea

2021 ◽  
pp. 107-117
Author(s):  
N.A. Andreeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Euphotic Zone ◽  
Water Area ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Sea Of Azov ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
The Sea Of Azov ◽  
Pigment Complex

As a result of laboratory cultivation of bottom sediment samples taken during six expeditions at oceanographic stations of the coastal waters of the Black and Azov Seas located along the coast of Crimea in different seasons of 2019‒2020, preliminary results on the distribution of cyanobacteria in the benthos of these areas were obtained. The development of cultivated forms of cyanobacteria was observed in 65 Black Sea samples at 54 stations and in all samples from the Sea of Azov. In the benthos of the Black and Azov Seas areas, representatives of 11 and 10 genera of cyanobacteria were identified, respectively, belonging to four orders: Synechococcales (Synechococcus, Rhabdoderma, Aphanocapsa, Merismopedia, Leptolyngbya), Chroococcales (Microcystis, Chroococcus), Oscillatoriales (including Spirulina), Nostocales (Anabaena, Nostoc, Scytonema). Representatives of the genus Microcystis were the most common in the bottom sediments of the Black Sea coast of Crimea, whereas in the Sea of Azov they were Microcystis and Oscillatoriales. Cyanobacteria with a deep violet color were often found, which indicates the predominance of phycoerythrin in the pigment complex of these cyanobacteria. The maximum number of cultivated forms of cyanobacteria in the bottom sediments of the Black Sea during the entire study period was registered in the euphotic zone, and the lowest – in the 100–1000 m zone. 40 batch cultures were obtained, from which new strains of cyanobacteria are be isolated. In the future, the research results can be used to monitor the ecological state of the coastal waters, while the isolated cyanobacteria strains can also be used for genetic, biotechnological, medical and other research.

scholarly journals The chemical-microbiological characteristics of sea water and bottom sediments of the Kerch Strait and adjacent water areas

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-85
Author(s):  
E. A. Tikhonova ◽  
N. V. Burdiyan ◽  
O. V. Soloveva
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Water Area ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Azov Sea ◽  
Sea Bottom ◽  
Oil Hydrocarbons

This paper presents the results of contamination level of sea bottom sediments and seawater in the water areas by the strait of the Black Sea and the Azov Sea by oil hydrocarbons and chloroform-extractable substances studies (spring, autumn 2016). Comparison of marine environment pollution levels with the results of previous studies (2007–2010) and sanitary norms is given. The quantitative characteristics of  heterotrophic and oil-oxidizing microbiota in the designated areas are presented. It was determined that the concentration of oil hydrocarbons in the water surface layer in the water area by the strait of the Azov Sea did not exceed the current norm (0.05 mg·l-1). The single cases of the maximum permissible concentration exceeding were registered in the water area by the strait of the Black Sea (autumn 2016). In the surface layer of Azov Sea water, the number of heterotrophic bacteria ranged from 104 to 105 cells·ml-1, and the oil-oxidizing bacteria were isolated in single quantities. In the water area of the Black Sea region of the strait the number of heterotrophic bacteria was 106, the number of oil-oxidizing bacteria did not exceed 10 cells·ml-1. In comparison with the previous years’ data, there was an increase in quantitative indicators of chloroform-extractable substances and oil hydrocarbons in the sea bottom sediments. The overall level of pollution did not exceed the average values determined for the region. The number of heterotrophic bacteria in the sea bottom sediments varied in the Strait of Azov water area from 2,5·104 to 4,5·104 cells·g-1, while that of oil-oxidizing bacteria varied from 2,5·10 to 4,5·102 cells·g-1. In the sea bottom sediments of the Black Sea, the number of heterotrophic bacteria was 4,5·103 cells·g-1, the number of oil oxidizing bacteria was 10 cells·g-1.

scholarly journals Heavy metals in the bottom sediments of the Tendrivska bay

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-63
Author(s):  
V.O. YEMELIANOV ◽  
Ye.I. NASEDKIN
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Coastal Sediments ◽  
Hydrodynamic Characteristics ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Water Supply Systems

The article describes several research results of geoecological direction, which included field sampling of bottom sediments, soils, coastal sediments at different sites within the territory of the Black Sea Biosphere Reserve NAS of Ukraine, in particular, the Tendrivska and Yahorlitska bays. The complex of the laboratory works included determination of chemical, microelement, particle size distribution composition of samples and study of their material characteristics on a scanning electron microscope. The study of the ecological state of the Reserve’s bottom sediments, as well as comparison of pollutant content in sediments of various parts of the protected water area was based, in particular, on determining the concentrations a few heavy metals (copper, nickel, zinc, lead, tin). The choice of research objects was determined by the peculiarities of the organization of agricultural activities within the arable lands bordering the boundaries of this reserve. The results obtained showed a significant impact of the geomorphological structure of the area and hydrodynamic characteristics of certain areas of the water area within it on the distribution of the material component of bottom sediments. The mineral and particle-size composition of bottom sediments should be considered the main factor in the uneven distribution of microelement concentrations, which in turn is determined by the location of zones of coastal erosion and sediment accumulation. Insignificant relative excesses of the copper content in the surface layer of the bottom sediments of the water area, fixed in the northern part of the Tendrivska Bay, can be connected with the discharge of fresh water from the network of canals, which is part of the agro complexes for rice cultivation, as well as “tailings” of water from the water supply systems of the Krasnoznam’yanska irrigation system. Studies have also shown that the content of most heavy metals in the upper layer of bottom sediments in the Black Sea Biosphere Reserve is lower than the average figures for modern Black Sea bottom sediments presented in literature sources.

Significance of Mineralogical and Lithologic-Petrographical Rank in the Ranking of Geological Information

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-49
Author(s):  
O.V. CHEPIZHKO ◽  
V.V. YANKO ◽  
V.M. KADURIN ◽  
I.M. NAUMKO ◽  
S.M. SHATALIN
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Sedimentary Cover ◽  
Geochemical Characteristics ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Flow Parameters ◽  
Geochemical Parameters ◽  
Geological Information

For the first time the importance of mineralogical and lithological-petrographical ranks in the line of geological information ranks is substantiated for implementation of long-term forecasts, standard and non-standard approaches to research of physical and geochemical parameters as a basis of creation of complex system of forecast criteria and prospecting indicators of hydrocarbons within the sedimentary cover of Black sea based on the theory of global fluid-flows derivation. These criteria have different sensitivity to the object (hydrocarbon deposits) and are therefore ranked. The ranking determined the following parameters: 1) seismic data within the object, obtained by the method of deep seismic sounding, RWM SDP; 2) parameters of tectono-geodynamic structures; 3) the main characteristics of sedimentary cover and bedrock; 4) geochemical characteristics; 5) parameters of mineral complexes and fluid inclusions in mineral neoformations; 6) the value of the distribution of meiobenthos. Based on modern views of oil and gas geology, structural-tectonic and lithological-facies criteria are among the main ones. The study of the mineralogical component of sediments is made with using mineralogical, thermobarogeochemical and X-ray spectral methods. Fixation of anomalies of fluid flow at the bottom of the Black Sea as to the distribution of abiotic parameters in order to assess the prospects of oil and gas is determined by structural and tectonic features and high permeability of fluid flow; parameters of mineral complexes (minerals, facies) and genetic connections; heterogeneity of geochemical characteristics of bottom sediments; the presence of hydrocarbon inclusions in authigenic minerals of bottom sediments.

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