Peculiarities of the pigment complex of the assimilation apparatus functioning of the genus Betula L. species in the arboretum of the Kryvyi Rih Botanical Garden of NAS of Ukraine

The content of the main pigments of photosynthesis in the leaves of species of the genus Betula L. was determined. It is shown that the largest number of pigments during the growing season accumulate large-leaved birches pubescens and B. pendula. Until the end of the vegetation period, there will be a number of carotenoidsin the leaves of all studied birches, while more active processes are accumulated in the leaves of small-leaved birches B. fusca and B. humilis.

Chemical Profiling, Bioactivity Evaluation and the Discovery of a Novel Biopigment Produced by Penicillium purpurogenum CBS 113139

Biobased pigments are environmentally friendly alternatives to synthetic variants with an increased market demand. Production of pigments via fermentation is a promising process, yet optimization of the production yield and rate is crucial. Herein, we evaluated the potential of Penicillium purpurogenum to produce biobased pigments. Optimum sugar concentration was 30 g/L and optimum C:N ratio was 36:1 resulting in the production of 4.1–4.5 AU (namely Pigment Complex A). Supplementation with ammonium nitrate resulted in the production of 4.1–4.9 AU (namely Pigment Complex B). Pigments showed excellent pH stability. The major biopigments in Pigment Complex A were N-threonyl-rubropunctamin or the acid form of PP-R (red pigment), N-GABA-PP-V (violet pigment), PP-O (orange pigment) and monascorubrin. In Pigment Complex B, a novel biopigment annotated as N-GLA-PP-V was identified. Its basic structure contains a polyketide azaphilone with the same carboxyl-monascorubramine base structure as PP-V (violet pigment) and γ-carboxyglutamic acid (GLA). The pigments were not cytotoxic up to 250 μg/mL.

R-Phycoerythrin from Colaconema formosanum (Rhodophyta), an Anti-Allergic and Collagen Promoting Material for Cosmeceuticals

R-phycoerythrin (R-PE), a pigment complex found in red algae, was extracted and purified from a newly identified red alga, Colaconema formosanum, and its bioactivities were examined. It was revealed that R-PE treatment resulted in high cell viability (>70%) to the mammalian cell lines NIH-3T3, RBL-2H3, RAW264.7, and Hs68, and had no effect on cell morphology in NIH-3T3 cells. Its suppression effect was insignificant on the production of IL-6 and TNF-α in lipopolysaccharides-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. However, calcium ionophore A23187-induced β-hexosaminidase release was effectively inhibited in a dose-dependent manner in RBL-2H3 cells. Additionally, it was revealed to be non-irritating to bionic epidermal tissues. Notably, procollagen production was promoted in Hs68 cells. Overall, the data revealed that R-PE purified from C. formosanum exhibits anti-allergic and anti-aging bioactivities with no observed consequential toxicity on multiple mammalian cell lines as well as epidermal tissues, suggesting that this macromolecule is a novel material for potential cosmetic use.

Pemurnian Fikosianin dari Spirulina platensis dengan Metode Liquid Biphasic Flotation (LBF) dan Penentuan Aktivitas Antioksidannya

Phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis (S. Platensis) is a pigment-complex protein belong to the light-harvesting phycobiliprotein family. The pigments have high economic value as a natural blue dye as well as the source of antioxidants and anticancer. Production of pure natural phycocyanin remains in high demand. Therefore, this study aimed to obtain phycocyanin with high purity values using modified liquid biphasic flotation (LBF) system and tested for DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-pycrilhydrazil) radical scavenging activity. This study produced high purity phycocyanin with purification fold 3.041 ± 0.04 and recovery yields approximately about 70.881%. Purified phycocyanin showed scavenging activity with IC50 of 338.585 mg/mL. Thus, the LBF system yielded high purity phycocyanin pigments.

Influence of seed pre-sowing treatment with multicomponent treaters on the condition of winter wheat pigment complex in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine

In the conditions of climate change, the existing technologies for winter grain crops growing need constant improvement. Development of the leaf surface and its longest preservation is the main vector of any technology for growing winter wheat, and this issue is especially important in unstable weather conditions. The aim of the research was to establish the influence of multicomponent and multidirectional seed treaters on the state of pigment complex in the leaves of plants of different winter wheat varieties and its productivity during the growing season. When studying pigment complex in the leaves of winter wheat plants in the vegetative period of development this indicator for Antonivka variety was s fund to be 7.17 mg/g of dry matter, and for Shestopalivka variety – 8.04 mg/g of dry matter on average for the variants. The generative period was noted to have an increase in chlorophyll content for both varieties - it was 8.19 mg/g of dry matter for Antonivka and 8.22 mg/g of dry matter for Shestopalivka variety, which is 14.2 % and 2.2 % more than in vegetative period. The productivity of chlorophylls in the vegetative period of plants growth and development averaged 5.14 mg of dry matter/mg of chlorophyll per day for Antonivka, which is 28.4 % more than in Shestopalivka variety (3.69 mg of dry matter/ mg of chlorophyll) per day). With the beginning of the generative period, Shestopalivka variety was noted to have a more stable pigment complex, which is confrmed by a double increase in chlorophylls productivity compared to the previous period. Thus, the increase in chlorophyll content, depending on the pre-sowing treatment with the preparations, is more active in Antonivka variety, but the quantitative index is dominated by Shestopalivka variety. In arid climates, moderate formation of pigments and preservation of their productivity stabilizes grain maturation process, which was noted for both varieties treated with Lamardor and Lamardor plus Gaucho. Key words: chlorophyll, winter wheat, seed treater, pigment productivity.

Estimation of the application biopreparation of complex action “Agrophil” and the polyhumates of sapropel on the intensification of the physiological processes of alliumcepa growth in a magnetic hydroculture

The article deals with the influence of the biological product Agrophil (strains of Agrobacterium radiobacter) and ultrafine humate-sapropel suspension (UDGSS) obtained by alkaline extraction and ultrasonic cavitation of sapropel extract on the formation of economically valuable properties (length and biomass of leaves, pigment complex) of green onion leaves (Allium cepa L.) variety StuttgarterRiesen grown under intensive photoculture under conditions of hydroponic culture on a magnetized nutrient medium. The experiment was carried out in a multi-tiered hydroponic setup with full spectrum LED lamps. Magnetic processing was carried out in two different ways: by the method of electromagnetic influence with a variable frequency-modulated potential and a device with predominantly magnetic induction. The use of physical and biological factors, both individually and collectively, when forcing onion sets of the StuttgarterRiesen variety on a feather, contributed to an increase in plant biomass and the activity of the photosynthetic apparatus. The combined effect of polyhumates with a biopreparation and magnetic treatment had a static effect on the increase in leaf length. The maximum yield of leaf biomass was recorded for the TEMP + Polygumate variant. The highest levels of chlorophyll accumulation were recorded in the variant with the combined use of Agrophil and Polygumates. As a result of the combined influence of both biostimulants and the factor of magnetic irradiation, the plant-microbial system continued to develop freely, without damage in the morpho-physiological reactions of the plant culture, but the plants turned out to be shorter

Monitoring of the cyanobacteria composition in bottom sediments of the water area of the Black and Azov seas along the coast of Crimea

As a result of laboratory cultivation of bottom sediment samples taken during six expeditions at oceanographic stations of the coastal waters of the Black and Azov Seas located along the coast of Crimea in different seasons of 2019‒2020, preliminary results on the distribution of cyanobacteria in the benthos of these areas were obtained. The development of cultivated forms of cyanobacteria was observed in 65 Black Sea samples at 54 stations and in all samples from the Sea of Azov. In the benthos of the Black and Azov Seas areas, representatives of 11 and 10 genera of cyanobacteria were identified, respectively, belonging to four orders: Synechococcales (Synechococcus, Rhabdoderma, Aphanocapsa, Merismopedia, Leptolyngbya), Chroococcales (Microcystis, Chroococcus), Oscillatoriales (including Spirulina), Nostocales (Anabaena, Nostoc, Scytonema). Representatives of the genus Microcystis were the most common in the bottom sediments of the Black Sea coast of Crimea, whereas in the Sea of Azov they were Microcystis and Oscillatoriales. Cyanobacteria with a deep violet color were often found, which indicates the predominance of phycoerythrin in the pigment complex of these cyanobacteria. The maximum number of cultivated forms of cyanobacteria in the bottom sediments of the Black Sea during the entire study period was registered in the euphotic zone, and the lowest – in the 100–1000 m zone. 40 batch cultures were obtained, from which new strains of cyanobacteria are be isolated. In the future, the research results can be used to monitor the ecological state of the coastal waters, while the isolated cyanobacteria strains can also be used for genetic, biotechnological, medical and other research.

Peculiarities of pigment complex functioning of winter wheat plants depending on the fertilizer application method

To obtain the maximum yield of winter wheat, it is necessary to further optimize the existing cultivation technologies in the direction of their adaptation to changing environmental conditions. One of the areas of adaptation of plants to adverse abiotic factors is the active functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus, which depends on the amount of nutrients introduced. The influence of fertilizer application on the condition of the pigment complex of winter wheat plants in the conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine has been studied. Two varieties of winter wheat were selected for the study: Shestopalivka and Mason. The experiment scheme involved the application of fertilizers at sowing (K0; K12) and foliar treatment with various tank mixtures (urea; urea + magnesium sulfate; urea + magnesium sulfate + potassium monophosphate). The pigment content has been determined by grinding fresh leaves of winter wheat, followed by the addition of a solvent in the form of acetone. Measurements of pigments were performed using a spectrophotometer. According to the research results, it was established that before the foliar treatment the a-chlorophyll content and carotenoids was higher in the plant leaves of the Shestopalivka variety. At the same time, the b-chlorophyll content on the contrary was higher for plants of the Mason variety by 17%, which may be due to the adaptation of plants of this variety to lack of light. On the 3rd day after foliar treatment, a decrease in the pigment content in the plant leaves of all experimental variants has been observed, which was due to the active growth of the photosynthetic surface and a decrease in the total dry matter mass. There was no significant difference between the varieties of the content of photosynthetic pigments in this period. On the 10th day after foliar treatment, an increase in a- and b-chlorophyll content has been observed for both studied varieties, which may be the result of adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus of winter wheat plants to lighting conditions. Foliar treatment of winter wheat plants with a tank mixture of urea with magnesium sulfate and potassium monophosphate contributed to a further increase in the content of a-chlorophyll by 12-23%, and b-chlorophyll by 5-37% depending on the variety compared to the control. The results of the research testify to the high efficiency of complex application of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizers for foliar treatment of winter wheat plants in the BBCH 31 stage, both against the background of pre-sowing application of potassium fertilizers and without it.

The pigment complex of Sanguisorba officinalis L. in the native flora of Kemerovo Oblast

The paper is devoted to studying the content of photosynthetic pigments of Sanguisorba officinalis L. leaves at different vegetative growth stages. Plants were obtained from several habitats (a flood forb-dominated meadow, a dry forb-dominated meadow, a birch forest). In the course of the research it was discovered that the concentration of the sum total of chlorophylls and carotenoids in great burnet leaves varied from the minimum values in May (2.58 – 2.82 mg/g) to the maximum values in July (3.07 – 3.70 mg/g) with a subsequent decrease in September (2.49 – 3.08 mg/g). Moreover, the light intensity and moistening of the habitat also have an effect on photosynthetic pigment content.

PIGMENTS CONTENT IN LEAVES OF GRAIN SORGHUM UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THE HERBICIDE CYTADEL 25 OD, PLANT GROWTH REGULATOR ENDOFIT L1 AND BIOPREPARATION BIOARSENAL

Content of the chlorophylls and carotenoids in a pigment complex is one of the most important factors that determine the productivity of crops of cereals. Although it is well known that herbicides and plant growth regulators may cause changes in the amount of pigments, there is lack of researches about their separate and integrated influence on the pigment complex of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). Therefore, we aimed our research to investigate the response of grain sorghum’s pigment complex to the impact of the herbicide in different combinations with the plant growth regulator and biopreparation. In result, it was found that the content of the pigments was decreasing simultaneously with increasement of the herbicide rate. However, the obtained data indicates that the complex usage of the herbicide and plant growth regulator had an auspicious influence on the pigments content, compared to the variants where only herbicide was applied. The similar auspicious effect appeared, when the herbicide was applied on the background of pre-sowing seeds treatment by the biopreparation Bioarsenal. It is noticeable that in this case the increasement of pigments content was higher than in the variants of compatible application of the herbicide and plant growth regulator. The highest indicators of the pigments content formed when the herbicide was applied compatible with the plant growth regulator on the background of pre-sowing seeds treatment. The content excess of the chlorophylls a, b, a+b and carotenoids, relatively to the control, amounted 7,4 – 9,1%, 16,0 – 18,3%, 9,4 – 11,2% and 35,5 – 40,2% respectively. It is evident that usage of the herbicide Citadel 25 OD compatibly with the plant growth regulator Endofit L1 on the background of pre-sowing seeds treatment by the biopreparation Bioarsenal is an effective measure, which allows to reduce the harmful impact of the xenobiotic on the pigment complex of grain sorghum