Weed seed occurrence in cocksfoot seedlots

The use and quality analysis of household compost have become very important issues in recent years due to the increasing interest in local food production and safe, self-produced food. The phenomenon was further exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic quarantine period, which gave new impetus to the growth of small home gardens. However, the knowledge associated with making high-quality compost is often lacking in home gardeners. Therefore, the objective of this research was to find answers to the following questions: can the quality of backyard compost be considered safe in terms of toxicity and nutrient content? Can weed seed dispersion affect the usability of backyard compost? In general, can the circulation of organic matter be increased with the spread of home composting? In this study, 16 different house composts were analysed for stability, weed seed contamination, toxic elements, and nutrient content using analysis of variance. The results of the research showed that the quality properties of the composts (including their weed seed dispersion effect) were greatly influenced by the different techniques and raw materials used. The toxicity levels, as well as the content of macro and microelements, were within the parameters of safe-quality compost. The specific macronutrient (Ca, Mg) and micronutrient (Fe, Mn) contents of the tested composts have a similar and, in some cases, more favorable nutrient supply capacity in crop production than the frequently-used cow manure-based composts. With a plan of basic education on composting, there is potential to encourage farmyard composting.

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Long‐term impact of legume‐based cropping with chemical and integrated fertilisation on viable weed seed density, diversity and community structure

Weed Research ◽

10.1111/wre.12494 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chaitanya P. Nath ◽

Kali K. Hazra ◽

Chandra S. Praharaj ◽

Ummed Singh ◽

Sati S. Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Seed Density ◽

Weed Seed ◽

Long Term Impact

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Influence of chaff and chaff lines on weed seed survival and seedling emergence in Australian cropping systems

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/wet.2020.142 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-22

Author(s):

Michael J. Walsh ◽

Annie E. Rayner ◽

Annie Rutledge ◽

John C. Broster

Keyword(s):

Cropping Systems ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Field Studies ◽

Wild Oat ◽

Weed Seed ◽

Weed Species ◽

Environment Effect ◽

Seed Survival ◽

Cropping Seasons ◽

Rigid Ryegrass

Abstract Chaff lining and chaff tramlining are harvest weed seed control (HWSC) systems that involve the concentration of weed seed containing chaff material into narrow (20 to 30 cm) rows between or on the harvester wheel tracks during harvest. These lines of chaff are left intact in the fields through subsequent cropping seasons in the assumption that the chaff environment is unfavourable for weed seed survival. The chaff row environment effect on weed seed survival was examined in field studies, while chaff response studies determined the influence of increasing amounts of chaff on weed seedling emergence. The objectives of these studies were to determine 1) the influence of chaff lines on the summer-autumn seed survival of selected weed species; and 2) the influence of chaff type and amount on rigid ryegrass seedling emergence. There was frequently no difference (P>0.05) in survival of seed of four weed species (rigid ryegrass, wild oat, annual sowthistle and turnip weed) when these seed were placed beneath or beside chaff lines. There was one instance where wild oat seed survival was increased (P<0.05) when seed were placed beneath compared to beside a chaff line. The pot studies determined that increasing amounts of chaff consistently resulted in decreasing numbers of rigid ryegrass seedlings emerging through chaff material. The suppression of emergence broadly followed a linear relationship where there was approximately a 2.0% reduction in emergence with every 1.0 t ha-1 increase in chaff material. This relationship was consistent across wheat, barley, canola and lupin chaff types, indicating that the physical presence of the chaff was more important than chaff type. These studies indicated that chaff lines may not affect the over summer-autumn survival of the contained weed seeds but the subsequent emergence of weed seedlings will be restricted by high amounts of chaff (>40 t ha-1).

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Effects of Various Synthetic Sucrose Esters on Weed Seed Germination and Crop Growth: Structure−Activity and Dose−Response Relationships

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry ◽

10.1021/jf9703157 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 45 (12) ◽

pp. 4833-4837 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Joseph K. Peterson ◽

Howard F. Harrison, ◽

Orestes T. Chortyk

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Dose Response ◽

Crop Growth ◽

Sucrose Esters ◽

Weed Seed ◽

Growth Structure ◽

Structure Activity

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A microwave system connected to a IoT infrastructure for weed seed bank depletion

2017 IEEE-APS Topical Conference on Antennas and Propagation in Wireless Communications (APWC) ◽

10.1109/apwc.2017.8062318 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

M. Allegretti ◽

L. Gilli ◽

L. Quaglia

Keyword(s):

Seed Bank ◽

Weed Seed ◽

Microwave System

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iHSD Mill Efficacy on the Seeds of Australian Cropping System Weeds

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/wet.2017.95 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 103-108 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Michael J. Walsh ◽

John C. Broster ◽

Stephen B. Powles

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Crop Production ◽

Production Systems ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Cropping System ◽

High Efficacy ◽

Weed Seed ◽

Rigid Ryegrass ◽

Mill Speed ◽

Wheat Chaff

AbstractIn Australia, widespread evolution of multi-resistant weed populations has driven the development and adoption of harvest weed seed control (HWSC). However, due to incompatibility of commonly used HWSC systems with highly productive conservation cropping systems, better HWSC systems are in demand. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the integrated Harrington Seed Destructor (iHSD) mill on the seeds of Australia’s major crop weeds during wheat chaff processing. Also examined were the impacts of chaff type and moisture content on weed seed destruction efficacy. Initially, the iHSD mill speed of 3,000 rpm was identified as the most effective at destroying rigid ryegrass seeds present in wheat chaff. Subsequent testing determined that the iHSD mill was highly effective (>95% seed kill) on all Australian crop weeds examined. Rigid ryegrass seed kill was found to be highest for lupin chaff and lowest in barley, with wheat and canola chaff intermediate. Similarly, wheat chaff moisture reduced rigid ryegrass seed kill when moisture level exceeded 12%. The broad potential of the iHSD mill was evident, in that the reductions in efficacy due to wide-ranging differences in chaff type and moisture content were relatively small (≤10%). The results from these studies confirm the high efficacy and widespread suitability of the iHSD for use in Australian crop production systems. Additionally, as this system allows the conservation of all harvest residues, it is the best HWSC technique for conservation cropping systems.

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