scholarly journals The South American origins of New Zealand Microctonus hyperodae parasitoids as indicated by morphometric analysis

1994 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 220-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.B. Phillips ◽  
D.B. Baird ◽  
S.L. Goldson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
Microctonus Hyperodae

scholarly journals Progress in defining the significance of intraspecific variation to the success of the Argentine stem weevil parasitoid in New Zealand

2000 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 425-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.B. Phillips ◽  
M.R. McNeill ◽  
R.P. Cane ◽  
S.L. Goldson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
South American ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Geographic Populations ◽  
Listronotus Bonariensis ◽  
Microctonus Hyperodae

Releases of eight South American geographic populations of the parasitoid Microctonus hyperodae Loan (Hymenoptera Braconidae) began in New Zealand in 1991 to assist in the suppression of the pasture pest Listronotus bonariensis (Kuschel) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) A morphometric analysis of M hyperodae adults collected from five of the New Zealand release sites during 199294 indicated that parasitoids derived from west of the South American Andes were significantly less successful than those from east of the Andes It was postulated that parasitoids from west of the Andes were either poorly adapted to New Zealand conditions and unable to establish or were reasonably well adapted to New Zealand conditions but were slightly less competitive than parasitoids from east of the Andes Preliminary results from a field experiment where parasitoids from east and west of the Andes were released separately strongly support the latter possibility

scholarly journals Distribution and biotypic composition of the Argentine stem weevil parasitoid in Hawkes Bay

2004 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 298-303
Author(s):  
C.B. Phillips ◽  
I.I. Iline ◽  
M.W.A. Slay ◽  
M.R. McNeill ◽  
R.P. Cane
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Malate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Andes Mountains ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
East And West ◽  
Microctonus Hyperodae

The Argentine stem weevil parasitoid Microctonus hyperodae Loan (Hymenoptera Braconidae) was first released in Hawkes Bay at two locations in 1995 In 2000 eight Hawkes Bay sites situated up to ca 55 km from the original release sites were surveyed to determine the presence of M hyperodae The parasitoid was recovered from all eight sites with the proportion of weevils parasitised at each site ranging from 1 to 44 Although parasitoids originating from east and west of the South American Andes mountains had been introduced to both Hawkes Bay release locations in 1995 genetic markers based on variation in malate dehydrogenase allozymes showed that eastern parasitoids predominated at all of the sites sampled in 2000 with western parasitoids occurring in low numbers at only three sites These results are compared with previous results from other New Zealand locations and their implications discussed

New and little-known bryozoans from Monte León Formation (early Miocene, Argentina) and their paleobiogeographic relationships

2015 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 956-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro M. Pérez ◽  
Juan López-Gappa ◽  
Miguel Griffin
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Early Miocene ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
New Material ◽  
Recent Species ◽  
Stratigraphic Range

AbstractThe bryozoan fauna from the South American Cenozoic is poorly known. The study of new material collected in the Monte León Formation (early Miocene), gave us the opportunity to describe four new species: Valdemunitella canui n. sp., Foveolaria praecursor n. sp., Neothoa reptans n. sp., and Calyptotheca santacruzana n. sp. Two of them (V. canui and C. santacruzana) were first recorded by F. Canu and interpreted as recent species from the Australian bryozoan fauna, but are herein described as new species. The stratigraphic range of Otionella parvula (Canu, 1904) is extended to the early Miocene. The present study emphasizes the close relationships between the South American Neogene bryozoan faunas and those of other Gondwanan sub-continents such as New Zealand and Australia.

Microsatellites and 16S sequences corroborate phenotypic evidence of trans-Andean variation in the parasitoidMicroctonus hyperodae(Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

2005 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.M. Winder ◽  
C.B. Phillips ◽  
C. Lenney-Williams ◽  
R.P. Cane ◽  
K. Paterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Andes Mountains ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
The Andes ◽  
16S Gene ◽  
Pasture Grasses ◽  
Geographical Populations ◽  
Listronotus Bonariensis ◽  
Microctonus Hyperodae ◽  
Chilean Populations

AbstractEight South American geographical populations of the parasitoidMicroctonus hyperodaeLoan were collected in South America (Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Uruguay) and released in New Zealand for biological control of the weevilListronotus bonariensis(Kuschel), a pest of pasture grasses and cereals. DNA sequencing (16S, COI, 28S, ITS1, β-tubulin), RAPD, AFLP, microsatellite, SSCP and RFLP analyses were used to seek markers for discriminating between the South American populations. All of the South American populations were more homogeneous than expected. However, variation in microsatellites and 16S gene sequences corroborated morphological, allozyme and other phenotypic evidence of trans-Andes variation between the populations. The Chilean populations were the most genetically variable, while the variation present on the eastern side of the Andes mountains was a subset of that observed in Chile.

Linear patterns of dispersal and build up of the introduced parasitoidMicroctonus hyperodae(Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Canterbury, New Zealand

1999 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.L. Goldson ◽  
J.R. Proffitt ◽  
M.R. McNeill ◽  
D.B. Baird
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
Generalized Linear Model ◽  
Release Site ◽  
South American ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
The South ◽  
Listronotus Bonariensis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

AbstractThe dispersal ofMicroctonus hyperodaeLoan, an introduced parasitoid of the South American grassland pestListronotus bonariensisKuschel, was measured in Canterbury, New Zealand. Considering all directions, the mean annual dispersive increment was 1.9 ± 0.9 km year–1as measured in the winters of 1993, 1994 and 1995. The parasitoid’s ground distribution suggested that its movement was biased towards the south-west indicating probable wind-borne dispersal. The overall relatively low rate of dispersal was thought to be related to the inhibitory effects ofM. hyperodaeparasitism onL. bonariensisflight. A generalized linear model fitted to percentage ofL. bonariensisparasitized took a simple form, with a quadratic increase in weevil infection, that with time, gradually decreased. The build-up of parasitism at the release site was significantly greater than the rates at the other sites measured in this study (P< 0.001) with a ratio of release site: dispersal site rates of 1.33: 1. The simplicity of the fitted generalized linear model indicated remarkable uniformity in both parasitism build-up and dispersal from one year to the next; this finding indicated that all dispersal was ‘natural’ and unassisted by human activity. Despite such modest dispersal rates, by the winter of 1996, five years after its release, the parasitoid had spread geometrically over an area ofc. 140 km2.

scholarly journals Allozyme variation between South American geographic populations of Microctonus hyperodae

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 267-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.I. Iline ◽  
C.B. Phillips ◽  
S.L. Goldson ◽  
H.M. Chapman
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
South American ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
The West ◽  
South American Population ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Geographic Populations ◽  
Listronotus Bonariensis ◽  
Microctonus Hyperodae

Eight South American geographic populations of the parasitoid Microctonus hyperodae Loan (Hymenoptera Braconidae) have been released in New Zealand to help suppress the pasture pest Listronotus bonariensis (Kuschel) (Colepotera Curculionidae) Parasitoids from each South American population were released in equal numbers throughout New Zealand It was postulated that the population(s) best suited to the conditions encountered at each New Zealand release locality would eventually become prevalent there Genetic markers which will enable the South American populations that have become successful in New Zealand to be identified are being developed and this paper reports a preliminary assessment of M hyperodae allozyme variation Malate dehydrogenase (MDH) was the only variable enzyme of the six that were assayed and it exhibited variation consistent with the presence of two alleles All parasitoids from east of the Andes (Argentina Brazil and Uruguay) were heterozygous (MDHa/MDHb) while all those from the west (Chile) were homozygous (MDHa/MDHa) This corroborates earlier morphometric evidence of genetic differentiation between South American populations and indicates that work with additional enzymes should yield more markers

Ancient divergence and biogeography of Raukaua (Araliaceae) and close relatives in the southern hemisphere

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Mitchell ◽  
Rong Li ◽  
Joseph W. Brown ◽  
Ines Schönberger ◽  
Jun Wen
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
South America ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Divergence Times ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
Representative Species ◽  
The Common ◽  
Close Relatives

Molecular genetic analyses were used to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships and estimate divergence times for Raukaua species and their close relatives. A monophyletic group identified as the ‘greater Raukaua clade’ was circumscribed, with eight representative species; its basal divergence was estimated at c. 70 Mya, possibly after Zealandia had separated from Gondwana. Raukaua is paraphyletic because of the placement of Motherwellia, Cephalaralia, Cheirodendron and Schefflera s.s. The phylogeny supports a more narrowly circumscribed Raukaua that includes the New Zealand but not the South American or Tasmanian representatives. Ancestors of the monophyletic South American and Tasmanian Raukaua and the mainland Australian Motherwellia and Cephalaralia diverged at c. 66 Mya and their current disjunction may be vicariant, with overland dispersal between Australia and South America, possibly via Antarctica. Vicariance is also a likely mechanism for divergence at c. 57 Mya of the monophyletic Motherwellia, Cephalaralia and Tasmanian Raukaua. The common ancestor of New Zealand Raukaua¸ Cheirodendron and Schefflera s.s. is inferred to have existed c. 62 Mya in New Zealand, before the marine incursions during the Oligocene, implying that New Zealand Raukaua and Schefflera s.s. survived the inundation period or speciated outside New Zealand and subsequently colonised. Ancestors of Cheirodendron split from New Zealand Raukaua c. 43 Mya and dispersed over vast expanses of the south-western Pacific to Hawaii.

scholarly journals The genus Massalongia (lichenised ascomycetae) in the Southern Hemisphere

MycoKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 125-140
Author(s):  
Per M. Jørgensen ◽  
Heidi L. Andersen ◽  
Arve Elvebakk
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Type Material ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
South Georgia

The species of Massalongia recorded and described from the Southern Hemisphere are revised and it is shown that only one is present; M. patagonica which is widespread, with populations in Australia and New Zealand that differ from the South American populations, but at present best regarded as part of the variation of that species. Records from this hemisphere of all other species placed in the genus are incorrect. The type species, M. carnosa, is restricted to the Northern Hemisphere. Two species, M. antarctica and M. novozelandica cannot be identified precisely due to lack of sufficient type material and with the types as the only collections known of these, but none belongs in Massalongia according to available data. Massalongia griseolobata (from Gough Isl.) is shown here to belong in the Pannariaceae and is part of the parmelielloid clade. M. intricata (from South Georgia) and M. olechiana (from South Shetland) have both recently been correctly transferred to the genus Steinera in the Arctomiaceae.

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