scholarly journals Olfactory responses of Epiphyas postvittana larvae to apple leaf extracts a new behavioural bioassay technique

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 450-450
Author(s):  
N.J. Sullivan ◽  
L.M. Manning ◽  
K.C. Park
Keyword(s):  
New Caledonia ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Epiphyas Postvittana ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Olfactory Responses ◽  
Behavioural Bioassay ◽  
Solvent Control ◽  
Bioassay Technique ◽  
Lightbrown Apple Moth ◽  
New Bioassay

Epiphyas postvittana (lightbrown apple moth LBAM) is a polyphagous pest of horticulture native to Australia and introduced into New Zealand New Caledonia the British Isles Hawaii and California Olfactory responses of LBAM have been well studied but this has mostly been confined to adult moths In this study olfactory responses of LBAM larvae to apple leaf extracts were measured using a new laboratory bioassay technique for choice tests Apple leaf extracts were prepared using four different extraction methods methanol soak near boiling water dip chloroform soak and 70 ethanol blended The choice of larvae between an apple leaf extract and solvent control was examined and the bioassays were videorecorded in timelapse mode with an infraredenabled camera LBAM larvae were significantly attracted to some of the apple leaf extracts The results indicate that the new bioassay method can be used as a reliable tool for evaluating the olfactory attraction of LBAM larvae and most likely also of many other species Based on these findings an attempt will be made to identify the active compounds present in the apple leaves that are responsible for the larval attraction

Aktywność przeciwutleniająca ekstraktów z wybranych roślin należących do rodziny Rosaceae

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Muzykiewicz ◽  
Joanna Zielonka-Brzezicka ◽  
Adam Klimowicz
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Sorbus Aucuparia ◽  
Cydonia Oblonga ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Rosaceae Family

Introduction. Plants are a valuable source of biologically active compounds, including antioxidants, which could prevent the development of oxidative stress. The members of Rosaceae family such as Sorbus aucuparia L. and Cydonia oblonga Mill. are the examples of plants contained antioxidants. Aim. The aim of the study was to evaluate the antioxidant potential of leaves and fruits extracts of rowan and quince, taking into account influence of the extrahent as well as extraction method on this activity. Material and methods. The extracts were obtained by classic extraction methods – shaking and extraction in Soxhlet apparatus. Methanol, acetone as well as 70 and 96% (v/v) ethanol were used as solvents. Antioxidant activity was estimated by DPPH, FRAP, Folin-Ciocalteu (F-C) and ABTS methods. Results. The highest antioxidant activity was found in leaf extracts of both plants. In most cases, rowan extracts showed higher potential than appropriate extracts of quince. The most effective extraction method was extraction in Soxhlet apparatus using methanol (in case of rowan and quince) as well as 96% (v/v) ethanol (quince) and 70% (v/v) ethanol (rowan). The highest results were obtained with FRAP method, whereas the lowest – with DPPH. Conclusions. The presented in vitro results confirmed, that the leaves and fruits extracts of selected plants belonging to the Rosaceae family showed antioxidant activity and could be applied in various industry branches.

scholarly journals Chemical Profiling and Biological Properties of Extracts from Different Parts of Colchicum Szovitsii Subsp. Szovitsii

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Rocchetti ◽  
Biancamaria Senizza ◽  
Gokhan Zengin ◽  
Murat Ali Okur ◽  
Domenico Montesano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Orthogonal Projections ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Latent Structures

Like other members of the Colchicum genus, C. szovitsii subsp. szovitsii is also of medicinal importance in Turkish traditional medicine. However, its biological properties have not been fully investigated. Herein, we focused on the evaluation of the in vitro antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory effects of flower, root and leaf extracts, obtained using different extraction methods. In addition, a comprehensive (poly)-phenolic and alkaloid profiling of the different extracts was undertaken. In this regard, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) allowed us to putatively annotate 195 polyphenols and 87 alkaloids. The most abundant polyphenols were flavonoids (83 compounds), whilst colchicine and 2-demethylcolchicine were some of the most widespread alkaloids in each extract analyzed. However, our findings showed that C. szovitsii leaf extracts were a superior source of both total polyphenols and total alkaloids (being, on average 24.00 and 2.50 mg/g, respectively). Overall, methanolic leaf extracts showed the highest (p < 0.05) ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) reducing power (on average 109.52 mgTE/g) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging (on average 90.98 mgTE/g). Interestingly, each C. szovitsii methanolic extract was more active than the water extracts when considering enzymatic inhibition such as against tyrosinase, glucosidase, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Strong correlations (p < 0.01) were also observed between polyphenols/alkaloids and the biological activities determined. Multivariate statistics based on supervised orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) allowed for the detection of those compounds most affected by the different extraction methods. Therefore, this is the first detailed evidence showing that C. szovitsii subsp. szovitsii might provide beneficial effects against oxidative stress and the associated chronic diseases. Nevertheless, the detailed mechanisms of action need to be further investigated.

scholarly journals Two New Cyclobutane Dimers from Diospyros macrocarpa

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1701200
Author(s):  
Charlotte Thieury ◽  
Rémy Le Guével ◽  
Gaëtan Herbette ◽  
Valérie Monnier ◽  
Nicolas Lebouvier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cell ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Cancer Cell Line ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Cyclobutane Dimers

A biochemical and phytochemical study of Diospyros macrocarpa Hiern, an endemic plant of New Caledonia, was realized. Indeed, bark and leaf extracts were tested for their cytotoxic and antibiotic activities as well as for their radical scavenging properties. Methanol extracts showed promising radical scavenging activity with an IC50 value of 5.6 ± 0.9 μg/mL for the leaves and 8.1 ± 1.4 μg/mL for the barks. The ethyl acetate extract from the barks showed strong and selective activity against NCI-H727 cancer cell line with an IC50 value of 9.5 ± 0.6 μg/mL.. Two new cyclobutane dimers: macrocarpasin A (1) and B (2) (figure 1) together with six known compounds: yangonin (3), betulinic acid (4), α-amyrin (5), β–amyrin (6), loliolide (7) and oleanderolide (8) were isolated from leaf extracts. Their structures were established by 1D and 2D NMR along with HRMS analyses. Cytotoxic activities of isolated compounds were also evaluated. None of them showed interesting cytotoxicity against the seven tested cancer cell lines.

scholarly journals Recent introduction and establishment of the leafroller parasitoid Trigonospila brevifacies (Hardy) (Diptera Tachinidae) in Nelson

2001 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
P.W. Shaw ◽  
P. Lo ◽  
D.R. Wallis
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Epiphyas Postvittana ◽  
Natural Distribution ◽  
Laboratory Colony ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Successful Establishment ◽  
Lightbrown Apple Moth ◽  
Natural Dispersal

To assist the natural distribution of the leafroller parasitoid Trigonospila brevifacies to horticultural areas in the Nelson region 181 T brevifacies pupae and 329 adults were released in 1999 at four sites adjacent to apple orchards near Motueka Release material was supplied from fieldcollected parasitoids in Hawkes Bay and a laboratory colony held at the Mt Albert Research Centre in Auckland Successful establishment of the parasitoid was recorded at all four sites and at a nearby nonrelease site in 2000 In 2000 319 of fourth instar and older larvae were parasitised by T brevifacies while in 2001 parasitism was 1166 Important pest tortricid species including Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) (lightbrown apple moth) were among the hosts The successful establishment of T brevifacies in Nelson and its further natural dispersal will increase the potential for the reduction of economically important leafroller species by biocontrol agents

scholarly journals Parasitoids of leafrollers (LepidopteraTortricidae) from scrub vegetation near horticultural areas in Nelson

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 193-196
Author(s):  
P.W. Shaw ◽  
D.R. Wallis
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Epiphyas Postvittana ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Lightbrown Apple Moth

Leafroller larvae and pupae were collected during timed searches in January and April 2013 from host plants at six scrub vegetation sites in two Nelson horticultural districts approximately 40 km apart The numbers of leafrollers and parasitoid species recovered were similar in both districts Most of the leafroller larvae collected were Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) (lightbrown apple moth LBAM) and most of these were found on gorse and broom In total 293 larvae and 11 pupae were reared successfully with 39 parasitism A wide diversity of parasitoids was recovered comprising 10 species from five families with Dolichogenidea tasmanica (Braconidae) the most common (80) The diversity of parasitoids and parasitism of leafrollers in unmanaged environments outside orchards may help to reduce leafroller pressure and the risk of fruit infestation in surrounding commercial orchards

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