EFFICIENCY OF THE FOREST RECLAMATION IN EROSION HAZARD AGROLANPSCAPES

1970 ◽  
pp. 65-68
Author(s):  
А. S. Manayenkov ◽  
Е. А. Korneeva
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Russian Plain ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Reclaimed Land ◽  
Forest Reclamation ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Bio Engineering

The economic analysis of the agro-economic efficiency of forest reclamation, based on the calculation of the cost of soil fertility and crop losses in the eroded arable land of the Russian Plain, prevented by runoff-regulating forest belts, shows that it depends on three main factors: site inclination and the degree of washout of the soil cover; natural and climatic conditions; bio-engineering features of afforestation. The control of forest strips of soil erosion in the agrolandscape occurs with optimal inter-band spaces, which decrease with increasing steepness of the slope and increase (in the zonal direction) as the annual rainfall norm and the volume of erosion-dangerous runoff decrease, and when forest-forming breeds adapt to washed-out soils. The most significant anti-erosion effect in annual terms in all natural areas is achieved with forest-meliorative development of slopes with a steepness of more than 5 degrees with strongly washed soils. Its value is about 60–200 thousand rubles per 1 hectare of reclaimed land. At the same time, the agro-meliorative effect is 6–7 thousand rubles / ha per year. Aggregate agro-economic efficiency for the entire service life of forest belts under the accepted conditions is equal to 0.5–8.0 million rubles (in prices of 2017). In the zonal section, the effectiveness of the anti-erosion forest melioration decreases from the forest-steppe to the dry steppe. Forest belts of fast-growing early ripening species exceed the forest belts from durable breeds by 9–33% by average annual efficiency. However, in the calculation for the entire service life of the stand, they are inferior to them by 14–26%.

scholarly journals Subtype features of humus dynamics in chernozems of the center of the Russian Plain under conditions of long-term agricultural use

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.I. Gromovik ◽  
◽  
N.S. Gorbunova ◽  
I.V. Cherepukhina ◽  
Yu.Yu. Khatuntseva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humus Content ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Russian Plain ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Virgin Land ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
High Level

The long-term dynamics of the humus content and reserves in the forest-steppe and steppe chernozems of the center of the Russian Plain was studied in a series: virgin land - perennial arable land. To the greatest extent, the transformation of the humus profile of chernozems as a result of plowing is manifested in its upper part. The depth of transformation spread reaches approximately 80-90 cm. In the series of subtypes: podzolic - leached - typical - ordinary chernozems, there are differences in the amount of humus lost. Long-term plowing of these soils leads to the humus content decrease. Therefore, real (t/ha) and apparent (%) humus losses in soils during their long- term plowing can differ significantly. The greatest losses of humus were recorded in leached chernozems – 15 t/ha. In podzolic and ordinary chernozems, the loss of humus reserves was approximately the same and amounted to 13 and 14 t/ha, respectively. Typical arable soils, as a rule, contain 15 t/ha fewer humus reserves than virgin soil. The humus level of chernozems varies significantly in the first years of use, then it stabilizes at a fairly high level according to the new regime of matter and energy circulation in agrocenoses. An objective assessment of changes in the main indicators of the humus state of chernozems during their long-term agricultural use should be carried out not by the percentage of humus but by its reserves, taking into account the corresponding values of the equilibrium addition density.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF FORMATION OF PROTECTIVE PLANTINGS FROM A BIRCH HANGING IN THE CENTRAL FOREST-STEPPE OF RUSSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Mikhin ◽  
Elena Mikhina
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
Forest Reclamation ◽  
Protective Forest ◽  
Growth Indicators

Negative natural phenomena, erosive processes in agroforestry of the European part of Russia are stabilized using protective forest stands. When creating artificial linear plantations, it is necessary to take into account their silvicultural and reclamation properties. The most efficient are stands with the participation of fast-growing species. Using taxation methods, we studied the growth of tree species (drooping birch) in the age dynamics in various soil conditions and depending on forest cultural, agrotechnical methods of creation. More significant biometric growth indicators are observed in field-protecting forest strips 7.5-10.0 m wide with a plant density of 4-5 thousand trunks per 1 ha, where a highly efficient blown structure is formed. In narrow protective stands with the participation of birch, the biometric growth indicators (diameter, height) have a higher value (1.4-1.6 times) compared with forest reclamation objects, where the width exceeds 50 % or more in the compared variants. Pure horticultural forest strips are most effective when placing seats 4.0 × 4.0 m. In artificial middle-aged stands, growth rates are 12.0-26.8 % higher on chernozem typical in comparison with other soil conditions. The intervals of ameliorative influence on the landscape of protective planting systems were determined. To optimize agro-territories in the forest-steppe conditions, shelterbelts should occupy an area of at least 3.13 % from arable land. Protective planting systems, where optimal conditions for the growth of rocks are combined, and the placement parameters in the landscape make it possible to have biologically stable ecosystems with a high reclamation effect.

scholarly journals Modern Alterations of the Surface Runoff and Infiltration of Melt Water in Agricultural Fields in the Forest-steppe and Steppe Zones of the Russian Plain and their Consequence

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Arable Land ◽  
High Water ◽  
Russian Plain ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Surface Slope ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
Slope Flow ◽  
Characteristic Trend ◽  
Percent Decrease

An assessment of current changes in surface slope flow and infiltration in agricultural fields in the forest-steppe and steppe zones of the Russian Plain and their consequences is given. It was shown that for the period of observations since late 1950s till 2016 the runoff from fall-plowed land was less on all considered stations than that from the compacted arable land, and infiltration was greater. In the forest-steppe on gray forest soils the runoff decreases under the influence ofthe fall-plowing by 1,4 times, in the steppes on ordinary chernozems - by 4,9 times and in the dry steppe with light-chestnut soils – by 5 times. Infiltration increases by 3,18 and 12 %, respectively. In the structure of the water balance in the plowland during the spring high water and during the cold period as a whole, infiltration significantly prevails over the surface slope runoff. It is shown that a significant (by tens of percent) decrease in the amount of surface slope flow has become a characteristic trend of recent decades.

Wind blown sediment mass budget of Sahelian village land units in Niger

2001 ◽  
Vol 172 (5) ◽  
pp. 523-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Louis Rajot
Keyword(s):  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Complete Disappearance ◽  
Mass Budget ◽  
Sediment Mass ◽  
Aeolian Sediments ◽  
Average Annual Rainfall ◽  
The Village

Abstract To assess the mass budget of aeolian sediments transported by wind (erosion vs. deposition) at the scale of village land units (25 kmX25 km), measurements were carried out during 3 years (from 1996 to 1998) in a cultivated field and in a fallow area simultaneously. These were located in the Sahelian zone of Niger with an average annual rainfall of 560 mm. The vertical upward fluxes of particles <20 mu m exported from the study area were estimated from the horizontal sediment fluxes measured using BSNE sand catchers. This mass of exported dust was compared with the vertical downward fluxes of particles of the same size range (<20 mu m) measured using passive CAPYR collectors. Values of deposition recorded in the field and in the fallow were similar. In the field, wind erosion reached its maximum in May and June when the vegetation cover was minimal. In the fallow area, wind erosion was always very low in comparison with the field. It occurred during the strongest storms when the grass cover was minimal. Nevertheless, the net balance between deposition and erosion was highly positive in the fallow areas. These results have been extrapolated at the scale of the village land units based on the current land use. At this scale, the balance was positive for the arable land, indicating a net deposition of aeolian sediments of +0.36 t ha (super -1) yr (super -1) . However, the complete disappearance of fallow land would result in a balanced budget for the arable land.

The Peopling of the Baraba Forest-Steppe in the Neolithic: Cranial Evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-146
Author(s):  
T. A. Chikisheva ◽  
D. V. Pozdnyakov
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Russian Plain ◽  
Northern Eurasia ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Population Continuity ◽  
Lake Systems

On the basis of statistical analysis of craniometric data relating to Mesolithic and Neolithic samples from northern Eurasia, we discuss the peopling of the Baraba forest-steppe in the Early Holocene. This region is represented by samples from Sopka-2/1 (early sixth millennium BC), Protoka (late fifth to early fourth millennia BC), Korchugan (early-mid sixth millennium BC), and Vengerovo-2A (late sixth millennium BC). The results of the principal component analysis are interpreted in the context of debates over the role of autochthonous traditions in the Neolithic. During the Preboreal period (10 ka BP), large parts of the Baraba forest-steppe were flooded by the transgression of lake systems during climatic warming. This may have caused depopulation, lasting for at least a millennium. The Early Holocene people of Baraba were an offshoot of Meso-Neolithic populations of the northwestern Russian Plain. On that basis, the Early Neolithic populations of Baraba were formed. Direct population continuity is traceable only through the Chalcolithic. Since the late sixth millennium BC, however, the local population had incorporated migrants from the Pit-Comb Ware area in the central Russian Plain and, indirectly (via the Neolithic Altai), from the Cis-Baikal area.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS OF CREATING AN ECOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK OF AGRO-LANDSCAPES IN THE TERRITORY OF ALTAI KRAI

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-361
Author(s):  
O.N. Baryshnikova ◽  
A.P. Olfert ◽  
A.G. Repko ◽  
Yu.I. Fatueva
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Landscape Planning ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Ecological Framework ◽  
Natural Landscapes ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Protective Forest ◽  
Network Tree

On the example of the territory of the Altai Krai, the article traces the consequences of destruction of the natural landscapes structure, the creation of artificial elements of their ecological framework of agricultural landscapes, which currently needs restoration and optimization. The thesis is substantiated that the ecological frame of the Altai Krai territory should be as close as possible to the structure of its natural landscapes, which will ensure the productivity of farmland. The most important elements of the ecological framework of forest-steppe and especially steppe landscapes are forest belts, for the creation of which it is necessary to use elements of a water-erosion network, tree species that form a zonal type of vegetation. Creating a system of protective forest plantations in combination with ponds and terrace embankments can increase crop yields up to 25-50 centners per hectare. Landscape planning can serve as a tool for creating an ecological framework for a territory.

scholarly journals On the Issue of Research of Information Support of Sustainable Agricultural Landscapes Formation

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Shelter Belts ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Creation

Purpose. To characterize the methodological approaches that we develop in the formation of a system of information support for the creation and maintenance of the functioning of modern sustainable agricultural landscapes and to show the results of their implementation on the example of the territory of some agricultural enterprises of the Kharkiv region. Methods. Cartographic, geoinformation analysis, calculation, statistical and mathematical. Results. Some results of the work of the collective on the issues of information support for the creation and maintenance of the functioning of modern sustainable agricultural landscapes. Namely, verification of erosion models, studies of the functionality of shelter belts, the formation of an agroeconet (an extensive network of natural and quasi-natural landscapes) on agricultural land massifs, which ensures the maintenance of stable functioning of meso and macrolevel agrolandscapes, as well as the experience of using magnetic prospecting methods to verify the results of mathematical modeling of erosion processes. Conclusions. A number of methodological approaches to information support of the formation of sustainable agricultural landscapes in the natural and socio-economic conditions of Ukraine have been developed. They relate to the functioning of anti-erosion measures of permanent action, the processes of modern transformation of agro-landscapes, the ecological impact of erosion processes on the environment. The connection between the length of forest belts per unit of arable land and soil erosion is shown. A methodical approach has been developed to estimate the amount of soil washed away from arable land and to calculate the measures necessary to eliminate its harmful effects on the environment.

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