scholarly journals CMS systems in rapeseed and their use in the breeding of domestic hybrids

2020 ◽  
Vol 181 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-180
Author(s):  
I. N. Anisimova ◽  
A. G. Dubovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Pollen Fertility ◽  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Glucosinolate Content ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Unfertilized Ovules

Development of heterotic hybrids is the most efficient approach to solve the problem of increasing the yield of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), a leading oilseed crop. The cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), widely used in rapeseed hybrid seed production, makes it possible to control hybridization between female and male lines. A review of publications on the nature of CMS systems in rapeseed and their utilization in breeding is presented. In rapeseed there are more than 10 known CMS systems of alloplasmic and homoplasmic origin. The male sterility character proved to be determined by chimeric mitochondrial genes, characterized by the presence of novel transcribed open reading frames (orf). Mitochondrial CMS genes associated with nap, pol, ogu and Nsa sterility types as well as nuclear Rf genes for pollen fertility restoration were identified. Molecular marker systems for identification of CMS-inducing and male fertility restoring genes were developed. The ogu, pol, MSL and inap CMS systems are commonly used for producing industrial rapeseed hybrids. The State Register of the Russian Federation for 2019 contains rapeseed hybrids of only foreign origin. Main achievements in domestic rapeseed hybrid production are highlighted. Research and breeding institutions developed new source material for rapeseed hete rotic hybrid breeding in various regions of the country. The sterility and fertility restoration sources were received from Canadian and French institutions as well as from domestic working collections. The yield structure traits did not deteriorate after transferring hybrid maternal lines to the sterile cytoplasm, while the glucosinolate content increased when pollen fertility restoring genes were transferred into paternal lines. Dihaploid (androclinium) lines and in vitro culture of unfertilized ovules were used to accelerate the breeding process. Experimental hybrids were developed using pol and ogu CMS.

Study of the possibilities of using sunflower lines with different colours of seeds to create poultry feed

Helia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina Vedmedeva ◽  
Tatiana Machova
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Fertility ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Pollen Sterility ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Seed Colour

Abstract Sunflower is used for the production of oil, confectionery and animal feed. Birds are very fond of sunflowers and can be pests of sunflower crops, and are consumers of seeds. Sunflower poultry feed is an emerging market that determines the direction of breeding. Its development is based on the determination of bird preferences and the available variety of sunflower lines. This is what our research is devoted to. Experimental feeding of chickens with a mixture of sunflower seeds of different colours was carried out. Chickens have been found to prefer contrasting striped seeds with white and dark stripes more than others. The white colour of the seeds was eaten less than others. Studies of the genetics of sunflower colour allow us to distinguish two groups of lines by seed colour. The first has white seeds with the EwEwPP genotype, suitable for use in human confectionery and more protected from being eaten by wild birds in the fields. The second is striped seeds with the EstrEstrPP genotype, which can be fed whole seeds to birds. Donors of seed colour traits and other traits important for hybrid breeding were selected from the evaluated collection of sunflower lines. InK1039 line is a donor of small striped seeds and pollen fertility restoration. InK1587 line is a sterility fixer and donor of striped and early maturing seeds. To create hybrids with white seeds for human consumption and thus more resistant to ingestion by wild birds, white seed donors were isolated with KG9 to restore pollen fertility and I2K2218 in a pollen sterility fixer.

scholarly journals Development of Self-incompatible Lines with Improved Seed Quality in Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) for Hybrid Breeding

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 105-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Koprna ◽  
V. Kučera ◽  
O. Kolovrat ◽  
M. Vyvadilová ◽  
M. Klíma
Keyword(s):  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Erucic Acid Content ◽  
Glucosinolate Content ◽  
Brassica Napus L

Doubled haploid (DH) self-incompatible (SI) regenerants with improved seed quality were derived after two improvement crossing cycles with different “00” quality donors. The original genetic resource of recessive sporophytic SI was characterised by a high glucosinolate (GSL) and erucic acid content. SI regenerants of satisfactory seed quality parameters were obtained from the second cycle of crossing. Total number of derived SI plants was 87, i.e. 38.2% out of 228 obtained fertile doubled haploid regenerants developed in 2004. Nine plants out of the analysed 45 SI DH regenerants had the erucic acid content lower than 2%. Five out of these nine plants, which were analysed by HPLC method, had the glucosinolate content lower than the limit 18 µmol/g at 9% seed moisture. The method based on the spraying of inflorescences with 5% NaCl to enable reproduction of SI lines was verified.  

scholarly journals Inheritance of Male Sterility in Lesquerella fendleri

2001 ◽  
Vol 126 (6) ◽  
pp. 738-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Dierig ◽  
Pernell M. Tomasi ◽  
Dennis T. Ray
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Lesquerella Fendleri ◽  
Cytoplasmic Effects ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Hybrid Development

Lesquerella fendleri (Gray) Wats. (lesquerella, Brassicaceae), native to the southwestern United States, is a potentially useful industrial oilseed crop. The seed oil contains hydroxy fatty acids, similar to castor (Ricinus communis L.) seed oil. The unique properties of the oil, along with coproducts, allow additional applications that would not compete with castor oil. Plants with vestigial anthers (male-sterile) were discovered in a greenhouse-grown, nonselected population in 1993. The inheritance of the trait was investigated through four crop seasons. Crosses were made among male-sterile and male-fertile plants from an open pollinated population, thus, they were heterozygous for many traits. Statistical analysis indicated that male sterility is expressed as a result of two nonlinked nuclear genes with epistatic relations and different cytoplasms, which cause partial or total fertility restoration. These ratios fit a 13:3 epistatic ratio, indicating that male sterility is controlled by homozygous recessive alleles at one locus in combination with at least one dominant allele at the second locus, i.e., ms1ms1 Ms2_. Some cross results were skewed in favor of fertile phenotypes presumably due to cytoplasmic effects causing partial fertility restoration. Male-sterile lines could be used for hybrid development and this information will be helpful in implementing a strategy for hybrid development. Hybrid plants and higher yields will enhance the potential for commercialization of this new alternative crop.

scholarly journals qRf8-1, a Novel QTL for the Fertility Restoration of Maize CMS-C Identified by QTL-seq

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2457-2464
Author(s):  
Mingmin Zheng ◽  
Tian Yang ◽  
Xiaowei Liu ◽  
Guihua Lü ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Chromosome 8 ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Insertion And Deletion ◽  
Genomic Interval ◽  
Segregation Ratios ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Promising Application ◽  
Generation Sequencing

C-type cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS-C), one of the three major CMS types in maize, has a promising application prospect in hybrid seed production. However, the complex genetic mechanism underlying the fertility restoration of CMS-C remains poorly understood. The maize inbred line A619 is one of the rare strong restorer lines carrying the restorer gene Rf4, but different fertility segregation ratios are found in several F2 populations derived from crosses between isocytoplasmic allonucleus CMS-C lines and A619. In the present study, the segregation ratios of fertile to sterile plants in the (CHuangzaosi × A619) F2 and BC1F1 populations (36.77:1 and 2.36:1, respectively) did not follow a typical monogenic model of inheritance, which suggested that some F2 and BC1F1 plants displayed restored fertility even without Rf4. To determine the hidden locus affecting fertility restoration, next-generation sequencing-based QTL-seq was performed with two specific extreme bulks consisting of 30 fertile and 30 sterile rf4rf4 individuals from the F2 population. A major QTL related to fertility restoration, designated qRf8-1, was detected on the long arm of chromosome 8 in A619. Subsequently, qRf8-1 was further validated and narrowed down to a 17.93-Mb genomic interval by insertion and deletion (InDel) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker-based traditional QTL mapping, explaining 12.59% (LOD = 25.06) of the phenotypic variation. Thus, using genetic analyses and molecular markers, we revealed another fertility restoration system acting in parallel with Rf4 in A619 that could rescue the male sterility of CHuangzaosi. This study not only expands the original fertility restoration system but also provides valuable insights into the complex genetic mechanisms underlying the fertility restoration of CMS-C.

Comparison of the effect of mur and nap cytoplasms on the performance of intercultivar summer rape hybrids

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 731-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresio C. Riungu ◽  
Peter B. E. McVetty
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Biological Cost ◽  
Hybrid Group

The performance of six isogenic pairs of male fertility restored, hand-crossed, summer rape (Brassica napus L.) hybrids, in the mur and nap cytoplasms, were investigated in four Manitoba environments. Hybrids in both cytoplasms exhibited high-parent heterosis for seed yield, total dry matter (TDM) and, to a lesser degree, harvest index (HI). Negative high parent heterosis for days to flowering, days to maturity, oil concentration and protein concentration was observed. Combined over hybrids within cytoplasms, the mur and nap cytoplasmic hybrid groups differed in oil concentration in all environments, and in protein concentration in one of four environments. Similarly, the mur hybrid group was lower-yielding and had lower TDM, HI and oil concentration, but higher protein concentration than the nap hybrid group. Even though there are some biological costs associated with the mur cytoplasm, especially for oil concentration, it appears that the mur cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) system has good potential for use in summer rape hybrid cultivar breeding and commercial hybrid seed production, since hybrids in the mur cytoplasm display heterosis for many traits in absolute terms. Key words: Biological cost, Brassica napus L., cytoplasmic male sterility, heterosis, hybrid

A Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in an R2R3 MYB Transcription Factor Triggers ms6 (Ames1) Male Sterility in Soybean

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junping Yu ◽  
Guolong Zhao ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Anther Development ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Myb Transcription Factor ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
R2r3 Myb

Abstract Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is an important crop providing vegetable oils and proteins. Increasing demand on soy products heightens the urgency of soybean yield improvement. Hybrid breeding with male sterility system is an effective method to improve crop production. Cloning of genic male sterile (GMS) gene combined with biotechnology method can contribute to constructing GMS-based hybrid Seed Production Technology (SPT) to promote soybean performance and yield. In this research, we identified a soybean GMS locus, GmMS6, by combining bulked segregant analysis (BSA)-sequencing and map-based cloning technology. GmMS6 encodes an R2R3 MYB transcription factor, whose mutant allele in ms6 (Ames1) harbors a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) substitution, leading to the 76th Leucine to Histidine change in the DNA binding domain. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrates GmMS6 is a homolog of Tapetal Development and Function 1 (TDF1)/MYB35 that is an anther development key factor co-evolved with angiosperm. It has a recently duplicated homolog GmMS6LIKE (GmMS6L), both of which can rescue the male fertility of Arabidopsis homologous mutant attdf1 while GmMS6L76H cannot, denoting that both proteins are functional and L76 is a critical residue for TDF1’s function. However, compared to anther specific expressed GmMS6, GmMS6L is constitutively expressed at a very low level, explaining deficiency of GmMS6 alone causes pollen abortion. Moreover, the expression levels of major regulatory and structural genes for anther development are significantly decreased in ms6, unveiling that GmMS6 is a core transcription factor regulating soybean anther development.

scholarly journals A novel male sterility-fertility restoration system in plants for hybrid seed production

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Surendra Pratap Singh ◽  
Sudhir P. Singh ◽  
Tripti Pandey ◽  
Ram Rakshpal Singh ◽  
Samir V. Sawant
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Hybrid Seed ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production

scholarly journals Deciphering the dynamic gene expression patterns of pollen abortion in a male sterile line of Avena sativa through transcriptome analysis at different developmental stages

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijun Zhang ◽  
Mingchuan Ma ◽  
Lin Cui ◽  
Longlong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Gene Expression Patterns ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Isogenic Line ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Pollen Abortion

Abstract Background Male sterility (MS) has important applications in hybrid seed production, and the abortion of anthers has been observed in many plant species. While most studies have focused on the genetic factors affecting male sterility, the dynamic gene expression patterns of pollen abortion in male sterile lines have not been fully elucidated. In addition, there is still no hybrid oat that is commercially planted due to the lack of a suitable system of male sterility for hybrid breeding. Results In this study, we cultivated a male sterile oat line and a near-isogenic line by crossbreeding to elucidate the expression patterns of genes that may be involved in sterility. The first reported CA male sterile (CAMS) oat line was used for cross-testing and hybridization experiments and was confirmed to exhibit a type of nuclear sterility controlled by recessive genes. Oat stamens of two lines were sampled at four different developmental stages separately. Paired-end RNA sequencing was performed for each sample and generated 252.84 Gb sequences. There were 295,462 unigenes annotated in public databases in all samples, and we compared the histological characteristics and transcriptomes of oat stamens from the two oat lines at different developmental stages. Our results demonstrate that the sterility of the male sterile oat line occurs in the early stage of stamen development and is primarily attributable to abnormal meiosis and the excessive accumulation of superoxide. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to decipher the dynamic expression profiles of pollen abortion CAMS and CA male fertile (CAMF) oat lines, which may represent a valuable resource for further studies attempting to understand pollen abortion and anther development in oats.

A novel Rf gene controlling fertility restoration of Ogura male sterility by RNA processing of orf138 found in Japanese wild radish and its STS markers

Genome ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 495-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keita Yasumoto ◽  
Toru Terachi ◽  
Hiroshi Yamagishi
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Northern Blot ◽  
Blot Analysis ◽  
Pollen Fertility ◽  
Northern Blot Analysis ◽  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Wild Radish ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Sts Markers ◽  
Ogura Male Sterility

To reveal the molecular and genetic mechanism of fertility restoration in Ogura male sterility in Japanese wild radish ( Raphanus sativus var. hortensis f. raphanistroides), we investigated fertility restoration of a plant that lacks the dominant type of orf687, a previously identified fertility restorer gene. A total of 100 F2 plants were made from the cross between a male-sterile strain with the Ogura cytoplasm, ‘MS-Gensuke’, and a Japanese wild radish plant. Segregation of pollen fertility in the F2 plants led us to assume that 2 dominant complementary genes controlled the fertility restoration of the plants. However, the fertility of 27 of 59 male-fertile plants was not completely restored, resulting in a group of plants with partial male fertility. Northern blot analysis of the CMS-associated gene orf138 indicated that one restorer allele (termed Rft) was involved in the processing of orf138 RNA. Rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) and subsequent Northern blot analysis confirmed that the orf138 transcript lost a 5′ part of the coding region of the orf138 gene in the restored plants. The accumulation of ORF138 protein was significantly reduced by Rft, but trace amounts of the protein were recognized in both partially male-fertile and male-sterile plants with Rft. The relationship of pollen fertility and segregation of co-dominant sequence tagged site (STS) markers in the F2 generation suggested that the penetrance of Rft was so low that Rft needs suitable conditions to function sufficiently for the complete restoration of fertility.

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